HAL du Programme national de recherche environnement-santé-travail (PNR EST)
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L’influence des facteurs socio-économiques sur l’exposition à la pollution atmosphérique: Influence des facteurs socio-économiques sur l’exposition à la pollution atmosphérique dans trois cohortes européennes : EGEA, SAPALDIA et ECRHS
No full textInternational audienceLes inégalités sociales de santé relèvent pour beaucoup des conditions d’existence ; elles renvoient aux disparités en termes de revenus, d’emploi, d’éducation… qui agissent à leur tour sur les modes de vie. Mais, il existe également une composante environnementale de ces inégalités, par exemple celle liée au lieu d’habitation. Les objectifs du projet "SESAP" sont d’étudier 1/ l’influence ou le rôle des facteurs socio-économiques sur l’exposition à la pollution de l’air extérieur, 2/ Si le rôle des facteurs socio-économiques est homogène en Europe ou s’il dépend des villes, des pays ou des régions (ex. nord, sud), 3/ évaluer si cette association diffère chez les sujets asthmatiques ou les sujets en surpoids
Les BPCO ou bronchopneumopathies chroniques obstructives
No full textNational audienceIl existe d’après le rapport Diricq en 2011180, un contraste très important entre le nombre annuel de cas incidents de BPCO professionnelles, estimé entre 75.000 et 112.500 cas en France et le nombre très faible de cas reconnus en maladie professionnelle, susceptibles de bénéficier d'une retraite anticipée (quelque dizaine de cas par an, tous régimes de protection sociale confondus). Une meilleure évaluation de la pénibilité liée à l’exposition à des aérocontaminants dans le cadre réglementaire de la pénibilité aux agents chimiques dangereux est donc nécessaire
New insights into Legionella pneumophila biofilm regulation by c-di-GMP signaling
No full textInternational audienceThe waterborne pathogen Legionella pneumophila grows as a biofilm, freely or inside amoebae. Cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a bacterial second messenger frequently implicated in biofilm formation, is synthesized and degraded by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. To characterize the c-di-GMP-metabolizing enzymes involved in L. pneumophila biofilm regulation, the consequences on biofilm formation and the c-di-GMP concentration of each corresponding gene inactivation were assessed in the Lens strain. The results showed that one DGC and two PDEs enhance different aspects of biofilm formation, while two proteins with dual activity (DGC/PDE) inhibit biofilm growth. Surprisingly, only two mutants exhibited a change in global c-di-GMP concentration. This study highlights that specific c-di-GMP pathways control L. pneumophila biofilm formation, most likely via temporary and/or local modulation of c-di-GMP concentration. Furthermore, Lpl1054 DGC is required to enable the formation a dense biofilm in response to nitric oxide, a signal for biofilm dispersion in many other species
Effect of masking noise on cognitive performance and annoyance in open plan offices
No full textInternational audienceEven for low noise levels, employees working in open-plan offices declare they are disturbed by different sound sources and especially by intelligible speech. This paper presents two experiments that aim at studying the effects of sound sources on task performance and cognitive load. In the first experiment, thirty-five individuals were assigned a serial memory task in four noise conditions: printers, intelligible speech, non-intelligible speech and phone rings. Noise annoyance was assessed by measuring task performance and cognitive workload (NASA-TLX). Although there was no significant difference between intelligible speech, unintelligible speech and phone ring tone signals in terms of annoyance, the performance in a memory task decreased in the presence of intelligible speech. In the second experiment, the relevance of a new intelligibility index was evaluated. This index was derived from eSII as defined by Rhebergen et al. (2006) to deal with fluctuating noise as speech babble. Fifty-five subjects performed a serial memory task in four STIt (time varying Speech Transmission Index calculated for every 12.5 ms in dynamic environment) conditions (from 0.38 to 0.69) while STI values were kept constant (around 0.36). No significant difference appeared between the decreases in performance observed with multiple levels of intelligibility. However, a significant difference between two groups of individuals appeared in performance measurements. The group of better performers seemed to be less affected by the high level of intelligibility condition than the other ones
Zebra mussel as a new tool to show evidence of freshwater contamination by waterborne Toxoplasma gondii
No full textInternational audienc
Les effets indirects de la pollution atmosphérique: Toxicité neurodéveloppementale d’une exposition gestationnelle à la pollution atmosphérique. Effets à court et à long terme de l’inhalation répétée de particules de fumées de diesel chez le lapin
No full textLe concept de programmation fœtale revient à admettre qu’il existe un impact des conditions environnementales dans lesquelles l’individu se développe in utero (via l’exposition de la mère) pouvant l’affecter à long terme. Le projet "BRAINAIRPOLL" s’inscrit dans le prolongement du programme de recherche "EPAPP" (Effets de la Pollution Atmosphérique sur la fonction Placentaire et le développement Postnatal), dont les résultats encore préliminaires confirment l’impact de la pollution atmosphérique liée à l’émission de fumées diesel sur le développement foeto-placentaire et la toxicité potentielle de l’exposition précoce à ce type d’émissions
Virus and calcium: an unexpected tandem to optimize insecticide efficacy
No full textInternational audienceThe effective control of insect pests is based on the rational use of the most efficient and safe insecticide treatments. To increase the effects of classical insecticides and to avoid the ability of certain pest insects to develop resistance, it is essential to propose novel strategies. Previous studies have shown that calcium-dependent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is now considered as a new cellular mechanism for increasing the target sensitivity to insecticides. Because it is known that virus entry is correlated with intracellular calcium concentration rise, this report attempts to present the most important data relevant to the feasibility of combining an insect virus such as baculovirus or densovirus with an insecticide. In this case, the insect virus is not used as a bioinsecticide but acts as a synergistic agent able to trigger calcium rise and to activate calcium-dependent intracellular signaling pathways involved in the increase of the membrane receptors and/or ion channels sensitivity to insecticides. This virus-insecticide mixture represents a promising alternative to optimize the efficacy of insecticides against insect pests, while reducing the doses.
Distributions of the particle/gas and dust/gas partition coefficients for seventy-two semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor environment
No full textInternational audienceParticle/gas and dust/gas partition coefficients (Kp and Kd) are two key parameters that address the partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) between gas-phase, airborne particles, and settled dust in indoor environment. A number of empirical equations to calculate the values of Kp and Kd have been reported in the literature. Therefore, the difficulty lies in the selection of a specific empirical equation in a given situation. In this study, we retrieved from the literature 38 empirical equations for calculating Kp and Kd values from the SVOC saturation vapor pressure and octanol/air partition coefficient. These values were calculated for 72 SVOCs: 9 phthalates, 9 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 22 biocides, 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 3 alkylphenols, 2 synthetic musks, tributylphosphate, and bisphenol A. The mean and median values of log10 Kp or log10 Kd for most SVOCs were of the same order of magnitude. The distribution of log10 Kp values was fitted to either a normal distribution (for 27 SVOCs) or a log-normal distribution (for 45 SVOCs). This work provides a reference distribution of the log10 Kp for 72 SVOCs, and its use may reduce the bias associated with the selection of a specific value or equatio
Legionella pneumophila: The Paradox of a Highly Sensitive Opportunistic Waterborne Pathogen Able to Persist in the Environment
No full textInternational audienceLegionella pneumophila, the major causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, is found in freshwater environments in close association with free-living amoebae and multispecies biofilms, leading to persistence, spread, biocide resistance, and elevated virulence of the bacterium. Indeed, legionellosis outbreaks are mainly due to the ability of this bacterium to colonize and persist in water facilities, despite harsh physical and chemical treatments. However, these treatments are not totally efficient and, after a lag period, L. pneumophila may be able to quickly re-colonize these systems. Several natural compounds (biosurfactants, antimicrobial peptides…) with anti-Legionella properties have recently been described in the literature, highlighting their specific activities against this pathogen. In this review, we first consider this hallmark of Legionella to resist killing, in regard to its biofilm or host-associated life style. Then, we focus more accurately on natural anti-Legionella molecules described so far, which could provide new eco-friendly and alternative ways to struggle against this important pathogen in plumbing
Les mycotoxines, seules ou en mélange
No full textLe projet MYCO-TOX doit permettre, pour la première fois, de comparer dans une même étude la génotoxicité et la cytotoxicité de 160 mycotoxines sur quatre lignées cellulaires humaines issues des tissus cibles des mycotoxines (foie, colon, rein et cerveau)