HAL du Programme national de recherche environnement-santé-travail (PNR EST)
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The joint effect of asbestos exposure, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on laryngeal cancer risk: evidence from the French population-based case–control study, ICARE
No full textInternational audienceObjective The objective of the study was to investigate the joint effect of occupational exposure to asbestos, and tobacco and alcohol consumption, on the risk of laryngeal cancer among men. Methods We used data from a large population-based case–control study conducted in France. We estimated two-way and three-way interactions between asbestos exposure (never vs ever exposed), tobacco consumption (\textless20 vs ≥20 pack-years) and alcohol consumption (\textless5 vs ≥5 drinks per day). The interaction on an additive scale was assessed by estimating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and the attributable proportion due to interaction, and the interaction on a multiplicative scale was assessed by estimating the multiplicative interaction parameter (ψ). Multiplicative interactions were also assessed using fractional polynomials for alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and asbestos exposure. Results When compared with light-to-moderate smokers and drinkers never exposed to asbestos, the increase in laryngeal cancer risk was smallest among light-to-moderate drinkers and smokers exposed to asbestos (OR=2.23 (1.08 to 4.60)), and highest among heavy smokers and drinkers ever exposed to asbestos (OR=69.39 (35.54 to 135.5)). We found an additive joint effect between asbestos exposure and alcohol consumption (RERI=4.75 (−4.29 to 11.12)), whereas we observed a more than additive joint effect between asbestos exposure and tobacco consumption (RERI=8.50 (0.71 to 23.81)), as well as between asbestos exposure, and tobacco and alcohol consumption (RERI=26.57 (11.52 to 67.88)). However, our results did not suggest any interaction on a multiplicative scale. Conclusions Our results suggest that asbestos exposure, in combination with tobacco and alcohol exposure, accounted for a substantial number of laryngeal cancer cases. Our findings therefore highlight the need for prevention in activities, such as construction work, where exposure to asbestos-containing materials remain
Les souches d'E. coli résistantes aux antibiotiques
No full textNational audienceLe projet "CIREC" vise à étudier la prévalence et la caractérisation des souches d’E.coli productrices de β-lactamase à spectre élargi (BLSE) de type CTX-M dans les eaux usées et les boues issues d’une quarantaine de stations d’épuration (STEP) de la région Bourgogne. Puis, il s’agira d’identifier et caractériser les voies possibles de transfert de ces souches, les rejets d’effluents traités des STEP dans les rivières pouvant avoir des conséquences sur la contamination de la faune aquatique d’eau douce
Des pesticides dans les cheveux
No full textSi les polluants peuvent être recherchés dans différents milieux ou dans l’alimentation pour la recherche des sources d’exposition, seule l’analyse de matrices biologiques prélevées directement sur les individus permet de renseigner sur l’importance du transfert de ces molécules vers l’humain. Au cours des dernières années, un intérêt grandissant a été porté à l’analyse de cheveux pour la mise en évidence des expositions environnementales et professionnelles
Impact of 60-GHz millimeter waves on stress and pain-related protein expression in differentiating neuron-like cells
No full textInternational audienceMillimeter waves (MMW) will be increasingly used for future wireless telecommunications. Previous studies on skin keratinocytes showed that MMW could impact the mRNA expression of Transient Receptor Potential cation channel subfamily Vanilloid, member 2 (TRPV2). Here, we investigated the effect of MMW exposure on this marker, as well as on other membrane receptors such as Transient Receptor Potential cation channel subfamily Vanilloid, member 1 (TRPV1) and purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 3 (P2 × 3). We exposed the Neuroscreen-1 cell line (a PC12 subclone), in order to evaluate if acute MMW exposures could impact expression of these membrane receptors at the protein level. Proteotoxic stress-related chaperone protein Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) expression level was also assessed. We used an original high-content screening approach, based on fluorescence microscopy, to allow cell-by-cell analysis and to detect any cell sub-population responding to exposure. Immunocytochemistry was done after 24 h MMW exposure of cells at 60.4 GHz, with an incident power density of 10 mW/cm2. Our results showed no impact of MMW exposure on protein expressions of HSP70, TRPV1, TRPV2, and P2 × 3. Moreover, no specific cell sub-populations were found to express one of the studied markers at a different level, compared to the rest of the cell populations. However, a slight insignificant increase in HSP70 expression and an increase in protein expression variability within cell population were observed in exposed cells, but controls showed that this was related to thermal effect. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:444–454, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Rejets d'effluents hospitaliers : évaluation de la persistance environnementale des médicaments et des bactéries pathogènes: La démarche du projet Persist-Env
No full textInternational audienc
Disturbed sleep in individuals with idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) : Melatonin assessment as a biological marker
No full textInternational audienceIndividuals who suffer from idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) complain of a variety of adverse health effects. Troubled sleep remains a recurrent and common symptom in IEI-EMF individuals. Melatonin, a circadian hormone, plays a major role in the sleep process. In this study, we compared levels of melatonin between a sensitive group (IEI-EMF, n=30) and a non-sensitive control group (non IEI-EMF, n=25) without exposure to electromagnetic sources. Three questionnaires were used to evaluate the subjective quality and sleep quantity: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Spiegel Sleep Inventory. Melatonin was quantified in saliva and its major metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) in urine. Melatonin levels were compared by a two-way analysis of variance at various times between the control and IEI-EMF group. Despite significantly different sleep scores between the two groups, with a lower score in the IEI-EMF group (P0.05) and urine aMT6s (P>0.05)
Vers une mesure du potentiel oxydant des particules fines: Identification d’un indicateur du potentiel oxydant des particules atmosphériques
No full textNational audienceLa pollution atmosphérique est complexe et difficilement mesurable dans sa totalité. Une première composante en est celle engendrée notamment par le trafic qui demeure une préoccupation constante. Parmi les approches envisagées, la mesure des concentrations de suie est souvent citée car elle donne une bonne indication sur les émissions liées au trafic automobile (diesel). Outre les automobiles, il existe d’autres sources de polluants dans l’atmosphère de natures et d’origines diverses. Dans le projet POTOX, il est donc proposé une approche, qui pourrait donc compléter la mesure des suies : la mesure du potentiel oxydant de certaines sources d’aérosols
Experimental Dosimetry in a Mode-Stirred Reverberation Chamber in the 60-GHz Band
No full textInternational audienceThis paper aims at introducing a calibration procedure for experimental dosimetry in a millimeter wave reverberation chamber. The proposed procedure is based on surface temperature measurements performed on a parallelepiped phantom using an infrared camera. The temperature rise measurement is compared to the value predicted by an analytical model. The latter is based on heat transfer formulation using the statistically homogeneous and isotropic electromagnetic field generated in the reverberation chamber. Temperature measurements are performed, at 59.3 GHz, on a dielectric phantom constituted of distilled water with a concentration of 4% of agar. Good agreement is observed between experimental and theoretical models. The difference between the peak specific absorption rate values estimated by two different approaches is about 16
Different in vitro exposure regimens of murine primary macrophages to silver nanoparticles induce different fates of nanoparticles and different toxicological and functional consequences.
No full textInternational audienceSilver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are used in a variety of consumers' goods. Their toxicological impact is currently intensely studied, mostly upon acute exposure, but their intracellular dissolution and fate is rather poorly documented. In this study, murine primary macrophages were exposed to a single high but non-lethal dose of Ag-NPs or to repeated, low doses of Ag-NPs. Cells were either collected immediately after acute exposure or after 72 h of recovery in the NP-free exposure medium. Ag intracellular content and distribution were analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission, transmission electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In parallel, macrophage functionality as well as inflammatory and thiol-responses were assessed after Ag-NP exposure. We show that Ag accumulation in macrophages is similar upon acute and repeated exposure to Ag-NPs, and that Ag is partly expelled from cells during the 72 h recovery stage. However, acute exposure leads to a strong response of macrophages, characterized by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, phagocytic capacity and nitric oxide (NO) production upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Under this condition, we also show an increased release of proinflammatory cytokines as well as a decreased release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This response is reversible since these biomarkers reach their basal level after the recovery phase; and is much less intense in repeatedly exposed cells. These results suggest that repeated exposure of macrophages to Ag-NPs, which is a more realistic exposure scenario than acute exposure, leads to significant Ag intracellular accumulation but a much less intense toxicological respons
L'exposition des enfants aux pesticides
No full textNational audienceDepuis les années 1950, on assiste à un recours croissant aux pesticides en milieu rural, comme en Gironde où des substances actives sont utilisées, par exemple, en viticulture. Lors de ces utilisations, l’absorption de pesticides est possible par toutes les voies : cutanée,respiratoire et digestive. Un sujet de préoccupation est l’exposition des enfants par la voie respiratoire - cette population étant spécialement vulnérable. [Extrait