HAL du Programme national de recherche environnement-santé-travail (PNR EST)
Not a member yet
917 research outputs found
Sort by
Bioaccumulation of Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium by the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum: Involvement in biomonitoring surveys and trophic transfer
No full textInternational audienc
Polluants atmosphériques nanoparticulaires: Polluants atmosphériques nanoparticulaires : identification, caractérisation physico-chimique et recherche de biomarqueurs de pathogénicité pulmonaire
No full textNational audienceEn octobre 2013, le Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (Circ) a classé la pollution atmosphérique et les particules fines contenues dans la pollution atmosphérique comme cancérogènes certains pour l’homme (groupe 1). Actuellement, les normes européennes et françaises de qualité de l’air relatives aux particules portent essentiellement sur les PM10 et PM2.5 mais en aucun cas sur les particules ultrafines. Or, même si elles sont négligeables en masse, les particules ultrafines, dont la réactivité est potentiellement supérieure à celles des particules plus grosses, représentent en nombre 80% de l’aérosol urbain
Ex Vivo Assessment of Testicular Toxicity Induced by Carbendazim and Iprodione, Alone or in a Mixture
No full textInternational audienceTo measure the testicular toxicity of two fungicides (carbendazim and iprodione), alone or in a mixture, we used a rat ex vivo model of seminiferous tubules, greatly reducing the number of rodents used, in accordance with the 3R rule (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement). This model allows the representation of puberty, a critical life period with regard to endocrine disruptors. The cellular modifications were followed for three weeks through transcriptomic and proteomic profiling analysis. A quantitative and comparative method was developed to estimate how known pathways were disturbed by each substance. This pathway-driven analysis revealed a strong alteration of steroidogenesis and an impairment of meiosis in all cases, albeit the initial molecular events were different for both substances. The ex vivo cytogenetic analysis confirmed that both fungicides alter the course of the first meiotic prophase. In addition, the mixture of both substances triggered effects greater than the sum of their cumulative effects and compromised future sperm motility after a shorter time of exposure compared with the fungicides tested separately. The alliance of an ex vivo culture with omics strategies complemented with a physiological examination is a powerful combination of tools for testing substances, separately or in a mixture, for their testicular toxicity. In particular, proteomics allowed the identification of systematically differentially expressed proteins in the secretomes of exposed cultures, such as FUCO and PEBP1, two proteins linked with the motility and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa, respectively. These proteins may be potential biomarkers of testicular dysfunction and infertility
Modélisation et effets sanitaires: Pollution atmosphérique sur le territoire français : modélisation et effets sanitaires (PATer)
No full textNational audienceDepuis les années 1990, de nombreuses études épidémiologiques ont montré des associations entre les niveaux de pollution atmosphérique et différents effets sanitaires comme les allergies respiratoires, les maladies cardio-vasculaires, et des événements liés à la santé reproductive. La cohorte ELFE (Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance) permet d’étudier notamment les effets des polluants atmosphériques sur la prématurité. La convergence des progrès réalisés pour l’évaluation des polluants dans l’air, des méthodes et des résultats des études épidémiologiques autorise pour la première fois en France, la réalisation d’un maillage national à haute résolution spatiale qui permettra d’étudier de manière fine les relations entre les niveaux de pollution et les issues de grossesse, mais également d’autres événements de santé
La résistance aux antibiotiques en milieu naturel
No full textÀ la suite d’un précédent projet (ERAES), il s’agissait de tirer avantage du terrain particulier constitué par le village amérindien de Trois-Sauts (Guyane), pour étudier l’impact de la pression de sélection antibiotique sur l’écologie et la résistance de trois espèces microbiennes potentiellement pathogènes pour l’Homme, à savoir Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus et Candida albicans
Quantifying the mediating effects of smoking and occupational exposures in the relation between education and lung cancer: the ICARE study
No full textInternational audienceSmoking only partly explains the higher lung cancer incidence observed among socially deprived people. Occupational exposures may account for part of these inequalities, but this issue has been little investigated. We investigated the extent to which smoking and occupational exposures to asbestos, silica and diesel motor exhaust mediated the association between education and lung cancer incidence in men. We analyzed data from a large French population-based case–control study (1976 lung cancers, 2648 controls). Detailed information on lifelong tobacco consumption and occupational exposures to various carcinogens was collected. We conducted inverse probability-weighted marginal structural models. A strong association was observed between education and lung cancer. The indirect effect through smoking varied by educational level, with the strongest indirect effect observed for those with the lowest education (OR = 1.34 (1.14–1.57)). The indirect effect through occupational exposures was substantial among men with primary (OR = 1.22 (1.15–1.30) for asbestos and silica) or vocational secondary education (OR = 1.18 (1.12–1.25)). The contribution of smoking to educational differences in lung cancer incidence ranged from 22 % (10–34) for men with primary education to 31 % (−3 to 84) for men with a high school degree. The contribution of occupational exposures to asbestos and silica ranged from 15 % (10–20) for men with a high school degree to 20 % (13–28) for men with vocational secondary education. Our results highlight the urgent need for public health policies that aim at decreasing exposure to carcinogens at work, in addition to tobacco control policies, if we want to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in the cancer field
PepPSy: a web server to prioritize gene products in experimental and biocuration workflows
No full textInternational audienceAmong the 20 000 human gene products predicted from genome annotation, about 3000 still lack validation at protein level. We developed PepPSy, a user-friendly gene expression-based prioritization system, to help investigators to determine in which human tissues they should look for an unseen protein. PepPSy can also be used by biocurators to revisit the annotation of specific categories of proteins based on the 'omics' data housed by the system. In this study, it was used to prioritize 21 dubious protein-coding genes among the 616 annotated in neXtProt for reannotation
Childhood exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and neurodevelopment at six years of age
No full textInternational audienceMixtures of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are present in indoor environments. Studies of the developmental effects of exposure to these chemicals in large prospective mother-child cohorts are required, with data on prenatal exposure and long-term follow-up of the children. We aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal and childhood exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment at the age of six years. We determined the levels of PBDEs and other neurotoxicants in cord blood and dust collected from the homes of children for 246 families included in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort in France. We assessed two cognitive domains of the six-year-old children using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. Verbal comprehension scores were lower in children from homes with higher concentrations of BDE99 (βDetects < median_vs_NonDetects = −1.6; 95% CI: −6.1, 2.9; βDetects≥median_vs_NonDetects = −5.4; −9.9, −1.0; ptrend = 0.02) and of BDE209 (β2nd_vs\₁st_tertile = −1.8; 95% CI: −6.1, 2.5; β3rd_vs\₁st_tertile = −3.2; −7.5, 1.2; ptrend = 0.15) in dust, particularly for boys (ptrend = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Working memory scores seemed to be lower in children with higher BDE99 concentrations in dust (ptrend = 0.10). No association was observed with cord blood levels of BDE209. Our findings are in agreement with those of four previous studies suggesting adverse cognitive outcomes among children associated with early-life exposure to penta-BDE mixtures, and provide new evidence for the potential neurotoxicity of BDE209. Several countries are in the process of banning the use of PBDE mixtures as flame-retardants. However, these compounds are likely to remain present in the environment for a long time to com
Production of four macrocyclic trichothecenes by <em>Stachybotrys chartarum</em> during its development on different building materials as measured by UPLC-MS/MS
No full textInternational audienceStachybotrys chartarum is a fungal contaminant of damp indoor environments that can produce several toxins belonging to the family of macrocyclic trichothecenes. These toxins are suspected to be involved in different pathologies among residents of moldy indoor environments. However there are only few data on the capacity of S. chartarum to produce its toxins (type and proportion) while growing on different building materials. This study aimed to quantify by UPLC-MS/MS the production of four major macro cyclic trichothecenes (Satratoxins G and H, Roridin 12 and Verrucarin J) during colonization of different building materials (fiberglass, painted fiberglass wallpaper, wallpaper, vinyl wallpaper, fir) by S. chartarum. It showed that the four molecules were produced upon development of a toxin-producing strain of S. chartarum on the material. The nature of building material strongly influenced the levels of macrocyclic trichothecenes produced. Wallpaper appeared to be the most favorable to both fungal development and production of the four toxins. By contrast, no toxin production was observed on vinyl wallpaper, in agreement with lack of fungal growth. Satratoxin H was always the main toxin produced, on all tested substrates, and its concentration reached 14.2, 3, 1.8 and 1.1 mg/m(2) on wallpaper, fir, fiberglass and fiberglass wallpaper, respectively. This knowledge is important to define monitoring strategies and assess risk related to those contaminants
Les vésicules extracellulaires comme nouveaux biomarqueurs d’exposition: Les vésicules extracellulaires comme nouveaux biomarqueurs de toxicité des polluants environnementaux
No full textNational audienceLes vésicules extracellulaires sont de petites vésicules membranaires qui peuvent être libérées par tous types cellulaires et se retrouvent, pour une grande majorité, dans les liquides biologiques. Le but du projet "VESITOX" est de caractériser les vésicules extracellulaires produites après exposition aux PM2,5 ou au tabac dans le but d’identifier des biomarqueurs d’exposition et d’effet de ces polluants environnementaux