HAL du Programme national de recherche environnement-santé-travail (PNR EST)
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer risk: results from the EPICAP study
No full textInternational audienceChronic inflammation may play a role in prostate cancer carcinogenesis. In that context, our objective was to investigate the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in prostate cancer risk based on the EPICAP data. EPICAP is a population-based case–control study carried out in 2012–2013 (département of Hérault, France) that enrolled 819 men aged less than 75 years old newly diagnosed for prostate cancer and 879 controls frequency matched to the cases on age. Face to face interviews gathered information on several potential risk factors including NSAIDs use. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. All-NSAIDs use was inversely associated with prostate cancer: OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61–0.98, especially in men using NSAIDs that preferentially inhibit COX-2 activity (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28–0.79). Nonaspirin NSAIDs users had a decreased risk of prostate cancer (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.99), particularly among men with an aggressive prostate cancer (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.89) and in men with a personal history of prostatitis (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07–0.59). Our results are in favor of a decreased risk of prostate cancer in men using NSAIDs, particularly for men using preferential anti-COX-2 activity. The protective effect of NSAIDs seems to be more pronounced in aggressive prostate cancer and in men with a personal history of prostatitis, but this needs further investigations to be confirmed
Design Methodology of a Printed WPT System for HF-Band Mid-Range Applications Considering Human Safety Regulations
No full textInternational audienceA methodology for the design of printed magnetically coupled resonant wireless power-transfer (WPT) systems is proposed. The design methodology aims at a well-matched system with a maximized power-transfer efficiency for mid-range applications. The system consists of two identical resonant coils driven by high-quality factor loops. The proposed design criteria allows obtaining maximum achievable transfer efficiency and impedance matching at any defined distance without any external matching circuits connected to the driven loops. For validation purposes, a printed WPT system at 10 MHz is fabricated targeting 1-m distance between the transmitting and receiving sides. Its performances in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients, as well as in terms of generated electric and magnetic fields, have been characterized numerically and experimentally. The impact of human body presence on the system has also been investigated observing the splitting in two frequencies of the common resonant frequency of the coils. A dosimetric study has been conducted using a detailed high-resolution anatomical human body model and considering E99, J1 cm2, and specific absorption rate (SAR) (local and whole body averaged SAR) as exposure metrics. It has been observed that peak exposure levels appear in different tissues depending on the body location. Compliance with the international commission on nonionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) reference level as well as basic restrictions has been studied followed by computing the maximum allowable input power. It has been found that, with the body located 1 m away from the transmitting coil, the maximum allowable input power satisfying E99 is in the order of MW, whereas it reduces to tens of kilowatt when considering SAR and J1 cm2. The latter has been noticed to be the most restrictive dosimetric quantity. © 2016 IEEE
Cancer incidence in the AGRICAN cohort study (2005–2011)
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND : Numerous studies have been conducted among farmers, but very few of them have involved large prospective cohorts, and few have included a significant proportion of women and farm workers. Our aim was to compare cancer incidence in the cohort (overall, by sex, and by work on farm, occupational status and pesticide use) within the general population.METHODS : More than 180,000 participants in the AGRICAN cohort were matched to cancer registries to identify cancer cases diagnosed from enrolment (2005-2007) to 31st December 2011. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).RESULTS : Over the period, 11,067 incident cancer cases were identified (7304 men and 3763 women). Overall cancer incidence did not differ between the cohort and the general population. Moreover, SIRs were significantly higher for prostate cancer (SIR=1.07, 95%CI 1.03-1.11) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR=1.09, 95%CI 1.01-1.18) among men, skin melanoma among women (SIR=1.23, 95%CI 1.05-1.43) and multiple myeloma (men: SIR=1.38, 95%CI 1.18-1.62; women: SIR=1.26, 95%CI 1.02-1.54). In contrast, SIRs were lower for upper aerodigestive tract and respiratory cancers. Increase in risk was greater in male farm workers for prostate and lip cancer, in female farm workers for skin melanoma, and in male farm owners for multiple myeloma. Moreover, incidence of multiple myeloma and skin melanoma was higher among male and female pesticide users respectively.CONCLUSION : We found a decreased incidence for tobacco-related cancers and an increased incidence of prostate cancers, skin melanoma and multiple myeloma. Specific subgroups had a higher cancer incidence related to occupational status and pesticide use. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Simplified Assessment Method for Population RF Exposure Induced by a 4G Network
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Les souches d’Escherichia coli résistantes aux antibiotiques: Traitement des eaux usées : source de dissémination de souches d’Escherichia coli résistantes aux antibiotiques dans l’environnement
No full textParmi les bactéries multi-résistantes, les entérobactéries productrices de β-lactamase à spectre élargi (BLSE) occupent une place croissante. Parmi celles-ci, c’est Escherichia coli (entérobactérie commensale du tube digestif de l’homme et de l’animal) qui est l’espèce la plus concernée par cette production enzymatique. Cependant, il existe peu de données sur l’existence de réservoirs environnementaux pour ces souches, leur capacité à survivre dans l’environnement et en particulier dans les eaux douces et dans les sols. Le projet "CIREC" visait donc à étudier la prévalence et la caractérisation des souches d’E.coli productrices de BLSE de type CTX-M dans les eaux usées et les boues issues d’une quarantaine de stations d’épuration de la région Bourgogne
L’efficacité des principaux répulsifs contre les moustiques les plus dangereux: Nouvelle stratégie de lutte ciblée contre les vecteurs les plus susceptibles de transmettre des pathogènes
No full textL’usage massif des pyréthrinoïdes à des fins de santé publique et surtout en agriculture a entraîné la sélection de moustiques résistants, ce qui compromet l’efficacité des campagnes de lutte antivectorielle (LAV). il existe donc un réel besoin d’alternatives aux insecticides pour la protection contre les piqûres de moustiques les plus susceptibles de transmettre des pathogènes (ex. arbovirus, parasite). Parmi ces alternatives, il y a les produits répulsifs. Si leur utilisation a été jusqu’à présent limitée essentiellement aux voyageurs, leur usage pourrait s’élargir. Le projet "TARGET" consiste à évaluer les principaux répulsifs d’intérêt autorisés par la réglementation biocide, à étudier leur efficacité et leurs modes d’action chez trois espèces vectrices de pathogènes, tout en prenant en compte, de manière innovante, l’état physiologique du moustique
L’exposition aux radiofréquences considérée comme une astreinte: Réponses physiologiques d’adaptation ou d’évitement du rat juvénile exposé aux ondes radiofréquences type antenne relais
No full textIl est bien connu que l’exposition de longue durée à des contraintes environnementales peut induire une adaptation qui a pour but d’accroître la résistance de l’organisme. Si cela a été démontré pour certaines d’entre elles, aucune étude n’a, jusqu’à présent, porté sur l’adaptation à une exposition prolongée aux ondes radiofréquences (RF). L’objectif principal du projet "EVIREF" était de déterminer si une exposition chronique aux ondes radiofréquences type antenne relais (situation couramment rencontrée dans la population) de faible intensité (n’entraînant pas d’échauffement des tissus) était perçue par l’organisme
Development of an on-line solid phase extraction ultra performance liquid chromatography technique coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for quantification of bisphenol S and bisphenol S glucuronide: applicability to toxicokinetic investigations
No full textInternational audienceRegulatory measures and public concerns regarding bisphenol A (BPA) have led to its replacement by structural analogs, such as Bisphenol S (BPS), in consumer products. At present, no toxicokinetic investigations have been conducted to assess the factors determining human internal exposure to BPS for subsequent risk assessment. Toxicokinetic studies require reliable analytical methods to measure the plasma concentrations of BPS and its main conjugated metabolite, BPS - glucuronide (BPS - G). An efficient on - li ne SPE - UPLC - MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of BPS and BPS - G in ovine plasma was therefore developed and validated in accordance with the European Medicine s Agency guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. This method has a limit of quantification of 3 ng mL - 1 for BPS and 10 ng mL - 1 for BPS - G , a n analytical capacity of 200 samples per day, and is particularly well suited to toxicokinetic studies. Use of this method in toxicokinetic studies in sheep showed that BPS, like BPA, is efficiently metabolized into its glucuronide form . However, the clearance s and distribution s of BPS and BPS - G were lower than those of the corresponding unconjugated and glucuroconjugated forms of BPA
Online monitoring of hepatic rat metabolism by coupling a liver biochip and a mass spectrometer
No full textInternational audienc
Utilisation d'invertébrés aquatiques pour la surveillance des milieux aquatiques : Utilisation d'invertébrés aquatiques pour évaluer la qualité sanitaire des masses d'eau
No full textL’eau peut abriter de nombreux pathogènes pour l’Homme, incluant les virus, les bactéries, mais également les parasites. C’est le cas notamment pour des protozoaires tels que Cryptosporidium spp. et Toxoplasma gondii, clairement identifiés comme des priorités de santé publique. La détection de protozoaires est difficile. D’une part, elle nécessite la filtration de grands volumes d’eau. D’autre part, on ne sait pas obtenir des résultats suffisamment fiables et robustes dans un contexte de surveillance. De par leur capacité de filtration et/ou leur rôle dans le transfert au sein des réseaux trophiques, les invertébrés peuvent donc représenter une voie importante de dissémination des oocystes dans les milieux aquatiques. L'étude de faisabilité "inquasan3 est une étape préliminaire indispensable au développement de cette nouvelle démarche