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Biomonitoring of azole fungicides in free-living blackbird plasma using on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE HPLC-MS/MS)
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, a rapid and sensitive method using on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (SPE HPLC-MS/MS) was developed to analyse 15 azole fungicides currently used in vineyards in blackbird plasma samples. The monitored fungicides included 13 triazoles (cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, penconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol) and 2 imidazoles (imazalil and prochloraz). After a rapid preparation step by protein precipitation with acetonitrile on 25 µL of plasma samples, final extracts diluted with Milli-Q water were analyzed by on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS in positive electrospray mode (ESI+) using the dynamic multi-reaction monitoring mode (dMRM). Following optimization, method validation was achieved through studies of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and sample extract conservation. The limits of quantification (LOQs) obtained for a low volume of plasma (25 µL) ranged from 0.01 to 0.43 ng g−1 plasma, except for triadimenol (1.37 ng g−1). Finally, the validated method was successfully applied to 34 Eurasian blackbird plasma samples, with blackbirds from different habitats (city, forest, vineyards) submitted to contrasted azole pressures. Five of them were detected, tebuconazole and tetraconazole being the predominant ones. As expected, azoles concentrations were more elevated in blackbirds sampled in vineyards where most of these fungicides are used
Les effets combinés de la malbouffe et des perturbateurs endocriniens: Malbouffe, contaminants environnementaux et santé reproductive : effets de l’exposition combinée à un régime obésogène et aux phtalates sur le contrôle central de la reproduction chez les souris adultes mâles et femelles
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Les effets transgénérationnels des néonicotinoïdes: L'évaluation des effets épigénétiques transgénérationnels potentiellement promus par le néonicotinoïde, thiaclopride, chez la souris mâle
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Les effets de l’exposition prénatale aux PE sur la santé des adolescents: Exposition prénatale aux contaminants environnementaux et santé cardiovasculaire et métabolique de l'adolescent et du jeune adulte
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Ants avoid food contaminated with micro- and nanoplastics
No full textInternational audienceMicro- and nanoplastics (MNP) have recently received particular attention in freshwater and marine ecosystems, but less is known about their impact on terrestrial species. Ants can be used as biological indicators for many types of pollutants and are therefore a good candidate to explore the effects of MNP pollution. In the present study, we investigated the ability of workers from seven colonies of the acrobat ant Crematogaster scutellaris to detect MNP in their food. After two days of starvation, groups of ten ants were tested for their preference toward control and polyethylene-treated solutions. Every 5 min over a total 20 min period, the number of workers feeding on either solution was counted. The results showed that C. scutellaris workers could detect and avoid contaminated food, feeding more often on the uncontaminated solution in the first 10 min. However, after 10 min the food preference was no longer significant between the groups, likely owing to feeding satiation. We then assessed whether this feeding behaviour is sufficient to cause the accumulation of MNP in the ant. We thereby provided a solution containing fluorescent MNP (fMNP) at the same concentration as in the previous experiments. Observation of the ants' mouthparts using fluorescent light microscopy showed that after 10 min dense aggregations of fMNP were visible. Further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms of detection of MNP by ants, and the accumulation dynamics in ants' bodies. Moreover, the effects of MNP on the integrity and fitness of ant colonies, as well as the potential transfer across terrestrial trophic chains should be explored
Parents’ Sleep Multi-Trajectory Modelling from 3 to 36 Months Postpartum in the SEPAGES Cohort
No full textInternational audienceObjective. We investigated maternal and paternal sleep evolution from 3 to 36 months postpartum, their interrelations and predictors in the SEPAGES cohort.Methods. Sleep information (night sleep duration [NSD], weekend daytime sleep duration [DSD] and subjective sleep loss [SSL]) was collected by self-administered questionnaires at 3, 18, 24 and 36 months postpartum in the SEPAGES French cohort that included 484 mothers and 410 fathers. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was used to identify maternal, paternal and couple sleep multi-trajectory groups among 188 couples reporting sleep data for at least 2 time points. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between parental sleep multi-trajectories and early characteristics such as sociodemographic, chronotypes, child sex, birth seasonality or breastfeeding duration.Results. We identified three maternal (M1-M3), paternal (F1-F3) and couple (C1-C3) sleep multi-trajectory groups with similar characteristics: a group with short NSD and high SSL prevalence (M1, F2, C2), a group with long NSD but medium SSL prevalence (M2, F3, C3) and a group with long NSD and low SSL prevalence (M3, F1, C1). Mothers with the shortest NSD (M1) were less likely to have a partner with long NSD (F2). As compared with long NSD and low SSL prevalence (C1), couples with short NSD and high SSL prevalence (C2) were less likely to have had a first child born in the autumn and fathers in C2 had a later chronotype.Conclusion. We identified distinct sleep multi-trajectory groups for mothers, fathers and couples from 3 to 36-month postpartum. Sleep patterns within couples were homogeneous
How to use an in vitro approach to characterize the toxicity of airborne compounds
No full textInternational audienceAs part of the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs), numerous in vitro methods are being developed to characterize the potential toxicity of inhalable xenobiotics (gases, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, particulate matter, nanoparticles). However, the materials and methods employed are extremely diverse, and no single method is currently in use. Method standardization and validation would raise trust in the results and enable them to be compared.This four-part review lists and compares biological models and exposure methodologies before describing measurable biomarkers of exposure or effect. The first section emphasizes the importance of developing alternative methods to reduce, if not replace, animal testing (3R principle). The biological models presented are mostly to cultures of epithelial cells from the respiratory system, as the lungs are the first organ to come into contact with air pollutants. Monocultures or cocultures of primary cells or cell lines, as well as 3D organotypic cultures such as organoids, spheroids and reconstituted tissues, but also the organ(s) model on a chip are examples. The exposure methods for these biological models applicable to airborne compounds are submerged, intermittent, continuous either static or dynamic. Finally, within the restrictions of these models (i.e. relative tiny quantities, adhering cells), the mechanisms of toxicity and the phenotypic markers most commonly examined in models exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) are outlined
Assessment of the viral contamination of fecal origin over a wide geographical area using an active approach with Dreissena polymorpha
No full textInternational audienceBiomonitoring appears to be a key approach to assess chemical or microbiological contaminations. The freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (D. polymorpha), is a suitable tool already used to monitor chemical and, more recently, microbiological pollution. In the present study, we used this sentinel species to monitor viral contamination of fecal origin over a wide geographical distribution. An active approach was implemented based on caging of calibrated and pathogen-free organisms with the same exposure conditions, allowing spatio-temporal comparisons between different water bodies. In addition, different types of sites were selected to investigate the range of environmental concentrations that D. polymorpha are able to translate. Different viral genome targets were measured: norovirus genogroup I and II (NoV GI and GII) and F-specific RNA bacteriophages belonging to the genogroup –I and –II (FRNAPH-I and -II). Total infectious FRNAPH were also monitored.D. polymorpha was able to translate a wide range of concentrations for all the viral targets studied, meaning that this sentinel species can be used for both low and highly anthropised sites. Moreover, D. polymorpha caging proved effective in achieving gradients of viral contamination of fecal origin pressure and to highlight the contribution of tributaries to the main rivers. D. polymorpha provided spatial and temporal variations of the viral contamination. It allowed to highlight the prevalence of the FRNAPH-I and -II genogroups according to the caging site. FRNAPH-II was found to be dominant in urban areas and FRNAPH-I in rural areas. This strategy uses the caging of the sentinel species D. polymorpha on selected sites with standardised analysis methods has proven to be a promising tool for characterizing viral contamination at both large and very fine scales
Caractérisation des effets d'une contamination complexe dans des écosystèmes aquatiques de tête de bassin versant : Réflexion autour d’une approche intégrée multi-compartiment et multi-échelle
No full textL'auteur a souhaité limiter l'accès aux membres de l'Enseignement supérieur français jusqu'au 31 janvier 2027.Assessing the quality of aquatic environments, in a general context of multiple stresses, is particularly complex, as illustrated by the socio-ecosystem of La Cleurie, which is the focus of this study. This small, seemingly natural and unspoilt forested headwater stream (Vosges, Grand Est, France) is actually the result of the confluence of several acidified streams, and in its upstream section receives effluent from three laundries. With average annual glyphosate levels of around 3 µg/L and AMPA levels in excess of 150 µg/L downstream of the industrial platform, this river holds the record for Lorraine and is one of France's most heavily contaminated by these substances. The aim of this thesis work was to identify markers for characterizing in situ toxic pressure in the Cleurie river and its effects on the functional and structural components of the aquatic environment. These questions were investigated by combining in situ approaches at 6 stations along the Cleurie river with laboratory experiments to describe the relationships between physicochemical characteristics, biological indicators (e.g. IBD, I2M2), primary production and litter decomposition. To complement this information, laboratory tests were carried out to assess the tolerance of biofilms to glyphosate and AMPA, the effect of glyphosate and AMPA on the morphology of a diatom species (Nitzschia palea) and the nutrient quality of biofilms developing in the Cleurie river. Our work has shown that discharges from WWTPs influence community structure, functional processes and the nutrient quality of biofilms, but it is difficult to say whether these effects lead to imbalances within the ecosystem. Moreover, these deleterious effects appear to be limited to a relatively short distance, with partial recovery observed between 1 and 7 km. This work raises the difficulties encountered in field studies aimed at assessing the quality of an environment, and offers prospects for overcoming these difficulties.L'évaluation de la qualité des milieux aquatiques, dans un contexte général de stress multiples, est particulièrement complexe, comme l'illustre le socioécosystème de La Cleurie auquel nous nous sommes intéressés dans le cadre de ces travaux. Ce petit cours d'eau forestier de tête de bassin versant (Vosges, Grand Est, France), en apparence naturel et préservé, est pourtant issu de la confluence de plusieurs ruisseaux acidifiés et reçoit, dans sa partie amont, les effluents de trois blanchisseries. Avec un taux moyen annuel de glyphosate de l'ordre de 3 µg/L et d'AMPA dépassant les 150 µg/L en aval de la plateforme industrielle, cette rivière détient le record lorrain et fait partie des cours d'eau français les plus contaminés par ces substances. Ces travaux de thèse avaient pour objectif d'identifier des marqueurs permettant de caractériser la pression toxique in situ dans la rivière Cleurie ainsi que ses effets sur les composantes fonctionnelles et structurelles du milieu aquatique. Ces questions ont été investiguées grâce au couplage d'approches in situ sur 6 stations du linéaire de La Cleurie et d'expérimentation au laboratoire pour décrire les relations entre caractéristiques physicochimiques, indicateurs biologiques (e.g. IBD, I2M2), production primaire et décomposition des litières. Pour compléter ces informations, des tests ont été menés en laboratoire pour évaluer la tolérance des biofilms vis-à-vis du glyphosate et de l'AMPA, l'effet du glyphosate et de l'AMPA sur la morphologie d'une espèce de diatomée (Nitzschia palea) et la qualité nutritive des biofilms qui se développent dans La Cleurie. Nos travaux ont montré que les rejets de STEPs influencent la structure des communautés, les processus fonctionnels et la qualité nutritive des biofilms, mais il est difficile de dire si ces effets entraînent des déséquilibres au sein de l'écosystème. De plus, ces effets délétères semblent limités à une distance relativement courte, avec une récupération partielle observée entre 1 et 7 km. Ces travaux soulèvent les difficultés rencontrées dans le cadre d'études de terrain visant à évaluer la qualité d'un milieu et offrent des perspectives pour pallier ces difficultés
Early-life exposures to phenols, parabens and phthalates and fat mass at 3 years of age in the SEPAGES cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Early-life exposure to short half-life chemicals may influence adiposity growth, a precursor to obesity. Previous studies often relied on limited urine samples that inadequately represent exposure during pregnancy or infancy. Additionally, childhood adiposity is commonly estimated using body mass index, which does not accurately reflect body composition. We aimed to investigate associations between early-life exposures to phenols, parabens, phthalates and fat mass percent at 3 years of age among 341 mother-child couple from the SEPAGES cohort. We further assessed potential effect modification by sexMethods: We measured 8 phenols, 4 parabens, 13 phthalates and 2 non-phthalate plasticizer metabolites from weekly pooled urine sample collected from mothers during pregnancy (three urine samples a day, median 18 and 34 gestational weeks), and from their infant (one urine sample a day, at 2 and 12 months). Clinical examinations at 3 years included standardized skinfold thickness measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis to calculate fat mass percentage.Results: Positive associations were identified between prenatal exposures to bisphenol S, mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate and fat mass percentage at 3 years, while triclosan showed a negative association. MBzP and MEP showed effect modification by sex, with stronger associations among females. No significant associations were detected for postnatal exposures.Conclusion: This study suggests associations between prenatal exposures to short half-life chemicals and percent fat mass in preschool children. Furthermore, this study is the first investigating the impact of prenatal bisphenol S exposure, highlighting the need for investigation of this overlooked compound