HAL du Programme national de recherche environnement-santé-travail (PNR EST)
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Sudden deaths in infancy and pesticide exposure: a systematic review
No full textInternational audienceSudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI) is defined as the unexpected death of an infant in the first year of life, including explained and unexplained death (SIDS). Risk factors, such as sleeping position and passive smoking, have been identified but few studies have addressed the influence of exposure to chemicals in the environment. Pesticides are ubiquitous but little is known about their impact on infant mortality. We conducted a systematic review of studies on SUDI and pesticide exposure present in the MEDLINE database in March 2024. We included epidemiological and toxicological studies on humans. We identified 92 studies in total, 17 of which were included in the analysis. Biases were assessed qualitatively and with the NTP/OHAT evaluation process. Epidemiological studies reported various results. Three studies found an association between SIDS and parental occupational exposure. Conflicting results were obtained in studies of domestic exposure, with half the studies showing no association. One accidental massive exposure to insecticides was associated with an increase in infant mortality. Several studies detected pesticides in brain samples from cases of SIDS, demonstrating exposure to organochlorine and organophosphate, and passage across the blood-brain barrier. Many of these studies were quite old and may therefore not be representative of current exposure levels. Case-control studies may be associated with recall bias or measurement errors. It is not possible to establish a clear association between SUDI and pesticide exposure from our findings. Further epidemiological studies are required. Studies on sudden perinatal deaths with universal definitions would be helpful
Metabolic characterization of seven bee pollens: molecular network, metabolite isolation and antioxidant assessment
No full textInternational audienceIn a changing world, bees are facing increasing stressful conditions, such as ozone and pollutant concentrations, and more events of higher temperatures [1–3]. In a project called BeeMed [4], Vanderplanck et al. (CEFE, Montpellier, France) suggested that bees may develop an auto-medication behaviour by selecting the species that may provide them the most beneficial pollen content, notably antioxidant metabolites.The objective of this study, part of the BeeMed project, was to characterize the metabolic content of bee pollens from five dominant species and two mix of species. A Featured-Based Molecular Network (FBMN) was realized after UHPLC-MS/MS analysis to underscore the occurence of species metabolites. Major metabolites from one-species dominant pollen were purified by Centrifugal Partition and preparative chromatography for further chemical characterization (1D and 2D NMR). Extracts and purified metabolites were assessed for their antioxidant properties using an online-antioxidant ABTS assay.Three main spectral families were detected in all bee pollens namely polyamines (ex: spermidines, spermines), flavonoid glycosides and amino-acids. Specific benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (ex: scoulerin and derivatives) were exclusively detected in one-species dominant pollen."Isorhamnetin-like" dihexoside, exerting antioxidant properties, and "isorhamnetin-like" hexoside were purified from pollen and structurally confirmed. Myricetin dihexoside and p-coumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine isomers demonstrated the best antioxidant properties.The use of three complementary approaches (MS-based FBMN, metabolite purification and anti-oxydant assay) permitted to better describe pollen chemical diversity and pave the way for further experiments to better understand bee resilience facing oxidative stresses
Bisphenol analogue exposure at low concentrations modifies heart-brain functions and transcriptomics in zebrafish larvae
No full textInternational audienceSubstituting bisphenol A (BPA) with analogues could mitigate environmental harm. By mimicking water contamination and using zebrafish larvae, we tested the hypothesis that low environmentally relevant concentrations of BPS, BPF, and BPAF, compared to BPA, elicit physiological and molecular modifications. We verified lethal doses (LD₅₀; BPAF > BPF > BPA > BPS) using an OECD-compliant protocol and reported the absence of morphological and muscle abnormalities, and hatching delays below the LD₅₀ at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). We identified the lowest bisphenol exposure levels that provoke the most significant motor-swimming changes (100 ng/L BPS, 10 ng/L BPF, 100 ng/L BPAF, and 100 ng/L BPA). We asked whether the observed motor phenotype at low bisphenol levels could be underpinned by heart-brain electrophysiological adaptations. Using in vivo optical mapping, we found increased high-frequency, low-amplitude brain activity and, in the cases of BPF and BPAF, bradycardia. Within these specific low-exposure settings, transcriptomics identified eight genes involved in heart-brain functions, homeostatic and immune regulation, that were down-regulated by each bisphenol, namely anxa1c, vwa10.1, zgc:172053, grna.2, ehf, gna14, ca15c, atp1a1a.5. Low environmentally relevant concentrations of bisphenol analogues modify organ physiology and the transcriptome in zebrafish larvae. The implications for ecotoxicology and the one-health framework are discussed
Characterization of the genomic sequence of an iflavirus, a protoambidensovirus, and of three microviruses detected in mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus)
No full textInternational audienceWe report the complete CDS of five viruses: XiangYun picorna-like virus 4 ( Iflaviridae ), Protoambidensovirus dipteran1 ( Parvoviridae ), and three microviruses ( Microviridae ), detected by viromics surveillance of Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from Réunion Island. The protoambidensovirus detected in A. albopictus belongs to a clade previously reported only in Culex pipiens
Bacterial diversity and health hazards associated with resuspended road matter transported by runoff into storm and combined sewers
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Road surfaces accumulate anthropogenized sediments contaminated by animal waste, soil particles, and atmospheric deposits, raising hygienic concerns. During rainfall events, these sediments can be resuspended and transported via runoff into storm and combined sewers. This study investigated the bacterial diversity and potential health hazards associated with resuspended road-deposited matter in a peri-urban area. Quantitative PCR and metabarcoding analyses of 16S rRNA and tpm genes were performed to (i) identify the sources of bacterial taxa colonizing road surfaces, (ii) define core and specific taxa and assess their capacity to survive in downstream sewer environments, and (iii) explore their functional potential. Several taxa were linked to human and animal sources, with notable occurrences of bacterial pathogen DNA signatures. Amplicon sequence variant profiling revealed that resuspended road surface communities were more similar to those in storm sewage than in combined sewage. Functional annotation suggested that road surface taxa had enhanced pollutant degradation capabilities with some representing significant health hazards. Indicator taxa were identified to support the hygienic assessment of road-deposited sediments. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring road runoff as a vector of microbial contaminants in urban water systems
Biodiversity-dependent invasiveness of naive river epilithic biofilms
No full textInternational audienceWith more than 1 million deaths attributed each year, antibiotic resistance has become a major societal issue. The emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in bacteria rests on two pillars, the enrichment of resistant variants upon selection and the contagion of the resistant bacteria and their resistance genes within and across the human, animal and environmental spheres. Although poorly described, this contagion process necessarily implies the persistence of invading resistant bacteria from one microbiome to another. In this study, we carefully selected a series of headwater streams located in the Vosges Mountains (North-eastern, France), with a clear pristine-like upstream part and well identified prime-exposure to modest anthropic activities, to explore invasion processes while avoiding multiple pollution effect. Using high-throughput qPCR for 45 resistance genes and mobile genetic elements we showed that one third of the markers were already widespread, while another third massively invaded the river epilithic biofilm communities at prime-exposure to anthropic activities, with the concomitant entry of fecal pollution. We used 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to explore the structure of the bacterial biofilm communities along river continuums and showed that the extent of the invasion process was inversely correlated with the level of biodiversity, but positively correlated with the magnitude of propagule pressure
Silent yet Devastating: The ongoing Pandemic of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
No full textThe paper addresses the urgent global health challenge of antibiotic resistance, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It emphasizes the need for tailored local strategies, improved training for healthcare professionals, and enhanced surveillance systems to combat the misuse of antibiotics and promote effective antimicrobial stewardship
The kinase domain of TRPM7 interacts with PAK1 and regulates pancreatic cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
No full textInternational audiencePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the main and the deadliest form of pancreatic cancer. This is a major problem of public health since it will become the second leading cause of death by cancer in the next few years, mainly due to the lack of efficient therapies. Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 7 (TRPM7) protein, a cation channel fused with a serine/threonine kinase domain is overexpressed in PDAC and associated with a low survival. In this work, we aim to study the role of kinase domain on pancreatic cell fates by using a model of kinase domain deletion by CRISPR-Cas9. PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 PDAC cell lines were used and kinase domain was deleted by CRISPR-Cas9 strategy. Kinase domain deletion (ΔK) was validated by RT-qPCR and western blots. The effect of kinase domain deletion on channel function was studied by patch-clamp and Mn 2+ -quenching. The cell phenotype was studied by MTT and cell migration/invasion assays. Finally, the role of kinase domain was studied in vivo in xenografted mice. Here we show that TRPM7 kinase domain is required to maintain a mesenchymal phenotype in PDAC cells. We also demonstrated that TRPM7 and PAK1 interact in the same protein complexes. Moreover, TRPM7 kinase domain is required for carcinogenesis and cancer cell dissemination in vivo. Intriguingly, the role of TRPM7 kinase is cell specific and may depend on the KRAS oncogene mutation status. In conclusion, TRPM7 kinase domain is required to maintain a mesenchymal and aggressive phenotype in PDAC cells, and it could be a promising target against PDAC
OPERAS decision support system versus manual job coding: a quantitative analysis on coding time and inter-coder reliability
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: The manual coding of job descriptions is time-consuming, expensive and requires expert knowledge. Decision support systems (DSS) provide a valuable alternative by offering automated suggestions that support decision-making, improving efficiency while allowing manual corrections to ensure reliability. However, this claim has not been proven with expert coders. This study aims to fill this omission by comparing manual with decision-supported coding, using the new DSS OPERAS.Methods: Five expert coders proficient in using the French classification systems for occupations PCS2003 and activity sectors NAF2008 each successively coded two subsets of job descriptions from the CONSTANCES cohort manually and using OPERAS. Subsequently, we assessed coding time and inter-coder reliability of assigning occupation and activity sector codes while accounting for individual differences and the perceived usability of OPERAS, measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS; range 0–100).Results: OPERAS usage substantially outperformed manual coding for all coders on both coding time and inter-coder reliability. The median job description coding time was 38 s using OPERAS versus 60.8 s while manually coding. Inter-coder reliability (in Cohen’s kappa) ranged 0.61–0.70 and 0.56–0.61 for the PCS, while ranging 0.38–0.61 and 0.34–0.61 for the NAF for OPERAS and manual coding, respectively. The average SUS score was 75.5, indicating good usability.Conclusions: Compared with manual coding, using OPERAS as DSS for occupational coding improved coding time and inter-coder reliability. Subsequent comparison studies could use OPERAS’ ISCO-88 and ISCO-68 classification models. Consequently, OPERAS facilitates large, harmonised job coding in large-scale occupational health research