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Travail hybride : une expérience collaborateur réinventée comme antécédent de l’engagement ?
No full textInternational audienceAvec le développement de l’hybridation, l’expérience collaborateur est renouvelée par de nouvelles approches managériales. Les télétravailleurs subissent une augmentation de l’amplitude horaire et de la charge de travail malgré leur droit à la déconnexion (observatoire télétravail UGIC-CGT, 2023). Ceci pourrait être perçu comme une nouvelle forme d’engagement. Nous supposons que l’expérience collaborateur a une influence positive sur l’engagement et que l’autonomie modère positivement la relation entre l’expérience collaborateur et l’engagement. Une étude quantitative conduite auprès de 159 télétravailleurs permet d’investiguer l’influence des dimensions de l’expérience collaborateur sur les dimensions de l’engagement et d’évaluer l’effet modérateur de l’autonomie.Nous montrons que les trois dimensions de l’expérience collaborateur ont un impact sur au moins une des dimensions de l’engagement. En particulier, la dimension expérience sociale/personnelle exerce une influence positive sur les trois dimensions de l’engagement. De plus, l’autonomie modère positivement la relation entre la dimension expérience sociale/personnelle et la dimension cognitive de l’engagement. Cette étude enrichit les modèles d’engagement organisationnel en proposant la validation de l’échelle d’engagement dans le cadre de la pratique du télétravail et contribue au débat sociétal sur le développement de l’hybridation
Être une chercheuse féministe : compter/conter le patriarcat dans l'intime, le corps et la sororité
No full textInternational audienc
Displacing uncomfortable carbon accounting knowledge : how avoided emission models justify the status quo
No full textInternational audiencePurpose - This paper answers calls for an in-depth, critical evaluation of carbon accounting practices by examining the missing link between knowing about and acting on carbon emissions. It explores how managers may decide to ignore uncomfortable absolute carbon emission calculations and instead develop home-made carbon accounting models of avoided emissions in order to support the status quo.Design/methodology/approach - This in-depth single case study based on 23 interviews and substantial non-participant observation (28 days) builds on the notion of displacement as a discursive mode of ignorance to better understand why knowledge generated by Carbon Accounting Tools (CAT) can be considered uncomfortable and may in fact encourage the status quo.Findings - The case study shows that the voluntary production of carbon accounting calculations is not always synonymous with improved carbon emission performance. Focusing on home-made carbon accounting models, instead of on uncomfortable absolute carbon accounting calculations, can have a negative, rather than a positive, effect on environment-friendly decisions. Furthermore, in the case examined, this decision was not viewed favorably throughout the company, with some employees expressing their unease that the company had merely replaced an uncomfortable metric with a more favorable one.Originality/value - The study builds on the concepts of displacement and uncomfortable knowledge to argue that CAT that avoid creating tensions with a company’s economic growth objectives have little impact on promoting sustainable practices. By using carbon accounting models to focus on avoided emissions, managers can deliberately move attention away from uncomfortable absolute carbon accounting calculations, thereby legitimating the status quo.<br /
Travail hybride : une expérience collaborateur réinventée comme antécédent de l’engagement ?
No full textInternational audienc
A Complex Network Analysis Approach for Generating Realistic Instances of the Scheduled Service Network Design Problem
No full textLong-haul freight transportation forms the backbone of global supply chains and involves diverse types of carriers, e.g., liner shipping companies, rail freight operators, less-than-truckload carriers, express parcel companies, etc. Planning decisions across these applications can be assisted by solving the Scheduled Service Network Design Problem, a fundamental but computationally challenging optimization problem. However, most instances used in the literature are not accessible, and the few available benchmarks were not designed to reflect the structural properties of real-world freight transportation networks. To fill this gap, we introduce a new open-source generator of instances for the Scheduled Service Network Design Problem. Our generator leverages insights from Complex Network Analysis to reproduce key structural features of freight transportation networks, while allowing users to tune parameters to generate diversified instances. A computational study validates its ability to produce networks exhibiting metrics aligned with those of networks derived from existing freight applications. We also include features such as preprocessing rules, varied demand pattern generation, and network emulation to increase the value of our tool for both practitioners and researchers
Workers’ Motivation and Quality of Services in Mission-Driven Sectors
No full textNational audienceThis paper studies how firms’ ownership choices and workers’ intrinsic motivation jointly shape service quality and market outcomes in labor-intensive, mission-driven sectors. Two organizations first choose whether to operate as standard for-profit or as mission-oriented firms, and then compete in both the labor and the user markets. Mission-oriented firms have higher unit costs but attract better-motivated workers. Service quality is endogenously determined through the sorting of intrinsically motivated workers and depends on the firm’s ownership type. We show that all market structures—standard, mission-oriented, or mixed— can arise in equilibrium, and that mixed structures can be Pareto superior by efficiently allocating the most motivated workers to the mission-oriented firm while preserving the cost advantage of the other firm. While equilibrium outcomes generally diverge from the social optimum due to externalities and lack of coordination, they are both driven by the trade-off between cost-efficiency and motivation. The model helps explain the coexistence of heterogeneous ownership structures observed in some sectors—such as the nursing homes sector—andidentifies conditions under which such diversity is welfare-enhancing
Télétravail dégradé : quels risques identifier afin de mieux les anticiper ? Une approche empirique qualitative exploratoire au sein d’une compagnie d’assurance-vie
No full textInternational audienceImposé en 2020, le télétravail s’installe durablement en mode hybride. Recommandé par le ministère du Travail puis obligatoire dès le 3 janvier 2022, il s’exerce alors à nouveau dans un cadre contraignant. L’obligation prend fin le 2 février 2022 . Le travail exercé à domicile a bouleversé l’organisation intra-familiale, contribué à un accroissement de la charge de travail et à des situations de stress ou d’isolement. Le télétravail à domicile s’est exercé dans des conditions inégales en fonction du lieu de vie et de la position sociale du ménage, ainsi que du sexe (Étude COCONEL, 2020 ; Boston Consulting Group, 2021). Notre démarche s’inscrit dans ce questionnement et vise à démontrer l’impact éventuel de la formalisation du travail à domicile sur les inégalités de genre et l’influence sur la rémunération. La partie empirique repose suL’Accord National Interprofessionnel relatif à la mise en œuvre du télétravail de 2020, précise les contours de la relation managériale en télétravail et notamment l’importance de l’évaluation des risques professionnels. Il semble légitime de s’interroger sur l’émergence et l’évolution de tels risques apparus en situation de télétravail contraint, dégradé. Ce télétravail subi a-t-il permis de révéler de nouveaux risques ? Cette recherche propose une analyse des risques psychosociaux, de l’émergence du harcèlement managérial, de l’hyper-connectivité, des accidents du travail à domicile, des risques relatifs à la sauvegarde et la protection des données et de la fraude interne, en situation de télétravail à domicile contraint.Nous mobilisons la littérature relative aux risques et particulièrement en situation de télétravail et convoquons la jurisprudence relative.La partie empirique repose sur une étude exploratoire, qualitative, conduite entre mi-février 2020 et mi-février 2021, auprès de 43 cadres d’une compagnie d’assurance-vie confrontée au télétravail contraint depuis mars 2020.L’argument principal de cette contribution est que le télétravail subi, dégradé a révélé des risques majeurs qu’il faut désormais être en mesure d’anticiper afin d’éviter une dégradation des conditions de travail et prévenir les contentieux prud’homaux.r une étude quantitative menée en 2022 auprès de 211 répondants travaillant à domicile. Nous mobilisons la littérature sur le télétravail, les inégalités, la théorie des conventions et les théories contractualistes. Les résultats révèlent que la formalisation du travail à domicile n’influence pas la rémunération, les facteurs de contingence (formalisation induite) en revanche produisent des inégalités de genre en matière de rémunération. L’absence d’espace de travail dédié à domicile engendre des inégalités de rémunération
Untangling the puzzle: how central bank interventions drive currency hyperinflation and hamper SMEs
No full textInternational audienceThis study undertakes an assessment of the actions taken by the Governor of the Lebanese Central Bank in response to the economic crisis in Lebanon, with a specific focus on the long-standing pegging of the Lebanese economy to the US Dollar since the 1990 s. The research employs a qualitative research approach, drawing upon published studies and official circulars issued by the Governor of the Lebanese Central Bank in response to the currency pegging process. Additionally, this study identifies the roles and responsibilities of central banks within an economy, emphasising the importance of transparency in their assessment approach. The study’s findings indicate that the depreciation of the Lebanese currency was not a result of inadvertent economic factors but rather a deliberate course of action. Both the Lebanese deep state and the Governor of the Lebanese Central Bank are found to have played pivotal roles in the devaluation of the Lebanese currency, primarily through the issuance of monetary circulars and other preceding monetary measures. The practical implication of this research lies in its capacity to serve as a significant case study. It highlights the repercussions associated with currency pegging over the global economy and specifically SMEs in a geopolitically unstable and corruption-ridden environment
Unity in Diversity: Revolutionising SMEs Through Inclusive Corporate Boards
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the implications of gender diversity within top management teams on firm performance, risk, and executive pay, concentrating on a sample of 105 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Lebanon over a three-year period (2014-2016). Adopting a quantitative methodology, data was collected through closed-ended surveys utilising nominal, interval, and ratio scales. Analysis via linear regression revealed that while gender diversity on the board of directors showed no discernible influence on the examined variables, a heightened presence of women in managerial roles positively affected the firm’s return on investment and narrowed the wage disparity. These findings challenge the prevailing view in the Lebanese context, which largely perceives women as primarily homemakers, and highlight the tangible benefits of gender diversity for SMEs’ growth and evolution. Notably, the research offers a unique perspective by focusing on Lebanon, a nation grappling with the integration of gender diversity practices in boardrooms amid cultural and religious constraints
Business Models for Strong Circularity—The Role of Informative Policy Instruments Promoting Repair
No full textInternational audienceTo promote the circular economy and change unsustainable business practices, policymakers are increasingly implementing novel policy instruments. Fostering repair is increasingly seen as a concrete strategy towards strong circularity, involving disruptive business model (BM) transformations. This study explores the impact of the recently implemented mandatory repairability index in France on BMs, utilizing a case study methodology with an embedded design. Our findings reveal 19 emerging company practices that affect all main BM dimensions. We identify three ways retailers and manufacturers adopt the index to shift towards repair‐oriented BMs. While the literature on the interplay between public policies and circular BMs has mainly focused on command‐and‐control policies for circular economy strategies other than repair, we show how an informative policy instrument transcends its role as mere consumer information. Instead, it emerges as a versatile management tool, facilitating the adoption or up scaling of diverse repair activities. However, informative instruments do not ensure widespread diffusion of repair‐based BMs. Instead, we emphasize the imperative of promoting repair through a comprehensive and evolving policy mix