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Controverses cliniques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques sur les piroplasmoses équines
No full textInternational audienc
Comprendre et mobiliser le levier génétique pour la maitrise de la paratuberculose chez les bovins laitiers en race Holstein et Normande
No full textInternational audienceLa paratuberculose représente un enjeu sanitaire et financier majeur pour la filière bovine. Dans le cadre de travaux de recherche mobilisant un grand nombre d’acteurs de recherche et de terrain français, ont été développés des indicateurs génomiques de résistance à cette maladie, qui sont désormais disponibles pour la race Prim’Holstein et la race Normande. Les données issues de ce projet, combinées à de nouvelles sérologies recueillies par les GDS du Grand Ouest, ont permis de constituer une population de référence suffisamment grande pour réaliser une évaluation génomique pilote relativement précise de la résistance à la paratuberculose en race Holstein (R² = 0.55 dans une population de validation ; Sanchez et al., 2022), puis en race Normande (R² = 0.50 dans une population de validation). Cette évaluation génomique, réalisée via l’approche dite « Single Step », permet, depuis 2022 en race Holstein et depuis 2024 en race Normande, de calculer en routine des index génomiques de la résistance à la paratuberculose (le phénotype étant sérologie positive vs sérologie négative), traduits en indicateurs génomiques : très sensible, sensible, standard, résistant. Ainsi, une vache Prim’holstein exposée à l’infection qui a un index de 1 (résistante) a deux fois moins de risque de développer une réponse positive en sérologie qu’une vache avec un index de 0 (standard). A l’inverse une vache Holstein avec un index de -1 exposée à l’infection a un risque multiplié par 3 de développer une réponse sérologique positive. En race Normande, ces effets estimés sont marqués mais un peu moins forts, sans doute du fait d’une précision un peu plus faible. Ils permettent l’identification des animaux résistants dès la naissance, de piloter les accouplements et ainsi de contribuer à l’amélioration de la gestion de la paratuberculose au sein des troupeaux exposés. Cette présentation vise à expliquer la méthodologie mise en oeuvre afin d’aboutir à ces index et la façon de les interpréter et les prendre en compte
Thermal properties and performance of glycerol-water-NaCl phase change material for cold chain applications
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the thermal properties of glycerol-water mixtures and their potential as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for Cold Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) in cold chain applications. The study characterizes key thermal properties, including Phase Change Temperature (PCT), latent heat, density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat. Results indicated that increasing glycerol concentration decreased the PCT of the mixture, reaching -7.76 • C to -21.82 • C, at glycerol concentrations ranging between 25 wt% to 45 wt%, respectively. However, this decrease in PCT is accompanied by a reduction in latent heat, 147.5 kJ⋅kg -1 to 73.6 kJ⋅kg -1 for the respective concentrations.To enhance the PCM properties and achieve optimal thermal performance, NaCl was added as an additive to the glycerol-water mixture. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the concentrations of PCM components, aiming to achieve a desired PCT of -20 • C and maximize latent heat capacity. The developed model demonstrated high predictability, with an R 2 of 99.20 %, and good statistical significance, as indicated by an overall model F-value of 98.68 and a P-value of 0.0003. Based on this optimization, three mixtures were selected for further characterization, exhibiting suitable PCT values of around -20 • C to -18 • C and latent heat capacities ranging from 97 kJ⋅kg -1 (PCM-M1) to 280 kJ⋅kg -1 (PCM-M3).A one-dimensional model was developed to assess the impact of optimized PCM-M3 on the temperature stability of frozen food products. Incorporating the PCM layers significantly improved the thermal control of the perishable product. During standard freezer operation, the product temperature was maintained at -20 • C ± 0.065 • C compared to the reference case (without PCM) at -20 ± 0.81 • C. During defrost cycles, and using PCM-M3, the maximum product temperature reached -19.42 • C, compared to -16.98 • C without PCM.</div
Vanishing Lung Syndrome in a Dog: Giant Pneumatocele or Giant Pulmonary Bulla Mimicking Tension Pneumothorax—First Report
No full textInternational audienceA 6-month-old neutered male Belgian Malinois dog living in a kennel was presented to a veterinary emergency service for the management of severe respiratory distress that had developed within the past 24 h. Thoracic radiographs performed by a referring veterinarian showed abnormalities identified as a pneumothorax. Upon admission to the emergency service, the striking anomalies turned out to be a large intrathoracic air-filled cavity and countless smaller ones causing mechanical compression of the adjacent pulmonary parenchyma and mimicking tension pneumothorax. Emergency management included thoracocentesis followed by placement of a thoracostomy tube. The dog exhibited rapid clinical improvement and recovered completely within a few days, without requiring surgical intervention. Serial follow-up radiographs showed progressive and complete resolution of all lesions. Based on the complete resolution without resection, the main lesion—initially interpreted as a giant pulmonary bulla—was ultimately considered consistent with an acquired pneumatocele. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report in veterinary medicine of a vanishing lung syndrome presentation in a dog
Prediction of Influence of Environmental Factors on the Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol on E. coli-Based Bioassays
No full textInternational audienceEvaluating the impact of pollutants on ecosystems and human health is crucial. To achieve this, a wide range of bioassays, using organisms of different trophic levels, are available. Extrapolating the results of these bioassays to real environmental conditions remains a major challenge. This study addresses this challenge by aiming to develop an algorithm capable of predicting the effect of environmental conditions on the impact of a toxicant, pentachlorophenol (PCP). Three abiotic factors were considered: pH, temperature, and conductivity. In the absence of the toxicant, the activity of Escherichia coli is influenced only by pH and temperature. However, exposed to PCP, the sensitivity of the bacteria was affected by these three factors. From these data, a predictive model was established to assess the intensity of the toxic effect induced by PCP. This model was validated using a validation dataset and demonstrated a strong correlation between the experimental and predicted values (r² ≈ 0.9). Thus, this approach enables the effective prediction of PCP's effects by accounting for environmental variations. This proof of concept constitutes a potential alternative, complementary to conventional models like BLMs (focused on water chemistry for metals) and QSARs (linking structure to intrinsic toxicity), which often overlook the complexities of real-world environmental conditions
Transcultural adaptation of the bath CRPS body perception disturbance scale into French
No full textInternational audienceBody perception disturbances are a typical symptom among people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). To assess it, the Bath CRPS Body Perception Disturbance Scale (B-BPDS) is a comprehensive tool which was validated in English and translated/validated in German and Japanese. To date, no French version was available. We translated the B-BPDS in French using the forward-backward method to obtain a French version (B-BPDS-F). Then, we examined its internal consistency, concurrent validity and structural validity. 32 participants were included for the first evaluation and 21 for the second. Internal consistency of the B-BPDS-F was adequate after removing item 3 on attention. B-BPDS-F was significantly correlated with pain at rest, quality of life total score and anxiety/depression dimensions. Exploratory Factor Analysis showed 2 main factors which explain 63 and 31% of the total variance. ICC was found acceptable. Our results are in line with previous work and provide a valid measurement tool in French
Zoonotic potential of uropathogenic Escherichia coli lineages from companion animals
No full textInternational audienceEscherichia coli is responsible for urinary tract infections (UTI) in humans and pets. This study aims to provide data on the virulome and resistome of E. coli strains isolated during bacteriuria in companion animals and to assess their zoonotic potential. 135 E. coli strains prospectively collected from urine samples of 44 cats and 91 dogs in three French veterinary teaching hospitals were analyzed via antibiotic susceptibility tests and whole genome sequencing. Phylogroup B2 was overrepresented and several sequence types (STs) associated with human extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were found. These included ST12, ST127 and ST141 (8 strains each), which were characterized by genetic homogeneity, and ST73 (23 strains) which contained several serotype-delineated sublineages with distinct distributions in pets and humans. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis further revealed the existence of highly related human and companion animal clones among these STs, indicative of a zoonotic potential. By contrast, other major human ExPEC STs (e.g. ST131, ST10, ST69, ST95 and ST1193) were rarely found (2 strains each), suggesting they might be less adapted to cats and dogs. Of note, ST372 (21 strains) was predominant and exclusively found in dogs. Pet E. coli UTI strains carried virulence genes commonly found in human E. coli UTI isolates. 15.6% of strains were predicted as multi-drug resistant. The major canine and feline ExPEC lineages were not associated with extended spectrum beta lactamase and AmpC production. Only one strain (from ST131) carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene. Persistent clones of E. coli isolated from five cats and nine dogs with recurrent infection had genetic traits similar to strains from other animals. Approximately one-third of the E. coli UTI strains from pets exhibited genetic similarities to those responsible for UTI in humans, suggesting a potential for zoonotic transmission. This study underscores the continued need to monitor and control antimicrobial resistance in companion animals
Encapsulation process of muscle stem cells in alginate matrices to enhance their in vivo post-transplant properties
No full textInternational audienc
The use of scenario tree models in support of animal health surveillance: A scoping review
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundScenario tree modelling is a well-known method used to evaluate the confidence of freedom from infection or to assess the sensitivity of a surveillance system in detecting an infection at a certain design prevalence. It facilitates the use of data from various sources and the inclusion of risk factors into calculations, while still obtaining quantitative estimates of surveillance sensitivity and probability of freedom.ObjectivesWe conducted a scoping review to identify scenario tree models (STMs) applied to assess freedom from infection in veterinary medicine, characterize their use, parameterisation, reporting and potential limitations.Eligibility criteriaWe included published scientific articles and grey literature that were a) neither reviews nor expert opinions, b) aimed to assess freedom from infection, provided methods to assess it, or aimed to estimate the sensitivity of a surveillance program for early detection of an infection at a design prevalence, c) targeted infection in animals and d) used scenario tree modelling. The search covered documents published between January 2006 and August 2021.DesignSeveral search methods were used to retrieve scientific articles and grey literature relevant to the subject. The search strategy included searching in scientific databases and/or grey literature repositories, contacting experts across the world that previously worked with STMs and retrieving citations from relevant reviews.Results and discussionFour hundred twenty-four distinct documents were retrieved with our search string. After screening, data was extracted from 99 documents representing 67 projects. Forty different animal diseases were modelled with STMs, the most represented being infections with tuberculous Mycobacterium sp., Avian Influenza A virus and Brucella sp. STMs were mostly used for diseases of cattle, swine and wild mammals. Results showed that STMs were used in a large variety of studies, are very versatile and were used in disparate frameworks. However, we also found that studies are not reported in a standardized way and often lack important information. This makes results hard to interpret, compare and reproduce. Additionally, we identified common assumptions and misconceptions, the most important ones regarding sensitivity and specificity, which could have an impact on the results of the studies using STMs.ConclusionWe recommend the elaboration of internationally agreed guidelines about how to report results from STMs in a uniform manner. Such guidelines should include information on the study setting, procedures and analyses, but also on how the results could be interpreted concerning freedom from infection
Aide à la gestion des intoxications des animaux de compagnie : création d'un agent conversationnel pour le site internet vétérinaire du CAPAE-Ouest
No full textCette thèse présente des généralités sur les intoxications, un recensement des ressources bibliographiques accessibles pour les vétérinaires, ainsi qu’un état des lieux des outils numériques actuellement disponibles dans le domaine vétérinaire. Cette thèse décrit ensuite la conception d’un agent conversationnel destiné au site vétérinaire du CAPAE-Ouest. Conçu pour les praticiens, il les guide dans la conduite à tenir face à un cas d’intoxication. Le vétérinaire répond à une série de questions sur l’animal et le contexte, à partir desquelles le chatbot évalue le risque et propose des recommandations de prise en charge. Les données recueillies sont automatiquement enregistrées dans un tableur Google Sheets, afin d’alimenter la base de données du CAPAE-Ouest et de garantir la continuité de sa mission de toxicovigilance. A la fin de son utilisation, l’outil redirige vers une monographie du toxique concerné, avec la possibilité d’accéder à d’autres fiches (traitements, posologies). La conception de ce chatbot a pour objectif d’optimiser le temps des vétérinaires, notamment lors de la saturation des lignes téléphoniques du CAPAE-Ouest, tout en ayant un potentiel rôle pédagogique, et en garantissant la continuité de la toxicovigilance. Ses limites incluent un risque de perte de données si les monographies sont consultées sans passer par l’outil, une standardisation des réponses, sa méconnaissance initiale et un périmètre encore restreint (chiens, chats et une vingtaine de catégories de toxiques). Les perspectives prévoient une phase de test, suivie d’un enrichissement progressif avec de nouveaux toxiques, espèces et niveaux de précision dans les arbres décisionnels