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Indicateurs de bien-être animal : application au cheval de centre équestre, analyse des spécificités et perspectives d'améliorations - étude bibliographique
No full textLe bien-être animal est une notion complexe et en constante évolution, qui associe dimensions philosophiques, juridiques et scientifiques. Le cheval de centre équestre constitue pour de nombreux usagers le premier contact avec l’espèce, et contribue à forger une vision du bien-être équin qui marquera durablement leur parcours de cavalier. Bien qu’il représente une part importante de la population équine et occupe une place centrale par son rôle pédagogique, son bien-être reste pourtant peu étudié. La compréhension des besoins essentiels du cheval passe d’abord par l’étude de ses particularités physiologiques et comportementales. Le Five Domains Model a marqué une avancée majeure en reliant alimentation, environnement, santé, comportement et état mental dans une approche intégrée. Le cheval de club présente de nombreuses spécificités qui influencent directement son bien-être. Polyvalent et sollicité par des cavaliers de niveaux variés, il évolue dans des structures soumises à de fortes contraintes économiques et organisationnelles. L’analyse de ses besoins met en évidence l’écart entre des indicateurs scientifiquement robustes mais difficiles à appliquer sur le terrain, et des critères simples mais parfois insuffisants pour refléter son état réel. Des perspectives d’amélioration apparaissent néanmoins accessibles : respect des besoins fondamentaux, adaptation des pratiques d’hébergement et d’alimentation, formation continue des encadrants et sensibilisation des cavaliers. Au-delà de ces aspects techniques, l’intégration de l’éthique et de la soutenabilité apparaît désormais comme une condition essentielle de l’acceptabilité sociale des centres équestres et de leur avenir
Surgical nerve wrapping for brachial plexus neuropathy: A systematic review
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Nerve wrapping provides protection, reduces adhesions, and supports regeneration, with proven benefits in median and ulnar neuropathies. Brachial plexus neuropathies-arising from neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS), radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP), or trauma-pose distinct challenges, and indications for wrapping remain poorly defined. We conducted a systematic review of brachial plexus wrapping techniques to clarify approaches and outcomes.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest were searched following PRISMA guidelines; the protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Risk of bias was assessed with the MINORS tool. Extracted data included patient characteristics, surgical techniques, functional outcomes, complications, and recurrences.Results: Seventeen studies involving 645 patients (mean age 43.8 years; M/F 1/3.92) were included. The main indications were NTOS (77.1 %) and RIBP (22.6 %). Eleven wrapping techniques were identified: eight different flaps (n = 214) from omental, muscular, or adipofascial origins, and three medical devices (n = 426). NTOS was mainly treated with synthetic membranes, and RIBP with flaps. Pain reduction was reported in 91.9 % of cases, with complete relief in 62.8 %. For RIBP, motor improvement (52.5 %) and sensory improvement (50 %) were observed, while QuickDASH scores for NTOS improved by a mean of 23.3 points. Comparative studies (n = 4) suggest wrapping may outperform neurolysis alone in RIBP.Conclusion: Brachial plexus wrapping may improve pain and function in selected patients, but current evidence is heterogeneous, retrospective, and at high risk of bias. Standardized, prospective controlled studies are required to determine its role relative to isolated neurolysis.Level of evidence: III
Impact of musical instrument practice on baseline psychomotor and technical skills in novice dental students: a prospective controlled study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The acquisition of surgical skills in dental education relies on psychomotor ability, visual-spatial reasoning, and manual dexterity. Given the increasing strain on training environments, identifying factors predictive of technical proficiency has become a priority. Musical practice, which engages similar cognitive and motor skills, has been hypothesized to enhance surgical performance. This study aimed to determine whether dental students with musical experience outperform their peers in visuospatial awareness, gesture precision, and technical aptitude, and whether they perceive these tasks as easier.Methods: In this prospective, single-blind (blinded investigators), controlled cohort study, 85 first-year dental students with no prior clinical training were recruited and classified into musician (n = 33) and non-musician (n = 52) groups based on self-reported musical activity. Three primary outcomes were assessed: visuospatial awareness (via the Vandenberg and Kuse mental rotation test), gesture precision (via a modified Precision Manual Dexterity test), and dental technical aptitude (measured by time to perform a correct simulated pulpotomy on a 3-D printing tooth containing a pulp chamber). Perceived ease and difficulty of each task were also surveyed. Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney U test with a significance threshold set at 5%.Results: Musicians completed a correct pulpotomy task significantly faster than non-musicians (median time: 125.4 vs. 155.4 s; p = 0.02), suggesting an association with enhanced technical aptitude. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in visuospatial awareness (median score: 20 vs. 16.5; p = 0.24) or precision tests (median score: 86 vs. 89; p = 0.55). No marked differences were observed in perceived ease or perceived difficulty of the tasks between the two groups.Conclusions: Musical experience appears to be associated with faster execution of dental procedures in novices, although its effect on visuospatial and precision skills remains inconclusive. These findings support the potential value of musical training as an indicator of technical aptitude and underscore the importance of personalized training strategies in dental education. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess whether early musical experience translates into sustained performance benefits over time
Relevance of porcine intestinal organoids as a surrogate for animal experimentation: application to the investigation of host–virus interactions during porcine coronavirus infection
No full textInternational audienceThe small intestine, a part of the digestive system, absorbs nutrients and plays a role in immune protection against viruses that can disrupt its activity. Currently, to analyse these functions, studies rely on in vivo (animals) or in vitro (most often immortalized cell lines) experiments. However, these models have ethical and methodological concerns. Organoids, an ex vivo model, consisting of 3D self-organized cell complexes to recapitulate the cellular diversity, structure, and functionality of an evaluated organ, represent an alternative system. However, to infect organoids, the apical pole containing viral receptors, which are localized in the lumen of the 3D organoids, must be accessible. For this purpose, 2D organoids, corresponding to dissociated and plated 3D organoids, are typically used. This study aimed to characterize the robustness and fidelity of 3D and 2D organoids in terms of gene expression in jejunum tissue and the contribution of 2D organoids in comparison to those of swine testicular cells (ST cells) and piglet jejunums to decipher host–virus interactions with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Our study revealed that our culture and differentiation procedures enabled the production of 3D and 2D organoids that reproduced intestinal epithelial organization with high repeatability. Similar to infected piglets and ST cells, infected 2D organoids expressed genes involved in innate and antiviral immune responses, with a variety of genes activated as a function of viral load. Organoids, which maintain the cellular diversity of the intestinal epithelium, therefore offer the possibility to decipher the host–virus interactions involved in enteric infections
Changement climatique : quels impacts pour la sécurité des aliments ?
No full textInternational audienc
Changement climatique : quels impacts pour la sécurité des aliments ?
No full textInternational audienc
WO2025114324 - SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
No full textEN) A system for measuring microbial activity comprises a support comprising a plurality of locations, each location being configured to accommodate the plug of at least one reactor, an agitator device positioned below the support, a transducer positioned above the support, and a movement device configured to move the transducer.(FR) Système de mesure d'activité microbienne comprenant un support comprenant une pluralité d'emplacements, chaque emplacement étant configuré pour accueillir le bouchon d'au moins un réacteur, un dispositif d'agitation positionné sous le support, un transducteur positionné au-dessus du support et un dispositif de déplacement configuré pour déplacer le transducteur
Chronic Carriage of Leptospira interrogans Genotype Associated With the Australis Serogroup by Naturally‐Infected Hedgehogs ( Erinaceus europaeus ) at a Wildlife Health Centre in Northwestern France
No full textInternational audienceBackground Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by bacteria in the genus Leptospira. Basic epidemiological information is crucial to mitigating disease risk but is lacking for leptospirosis; notably, the hosts responsible for maintaining Leptospira remain largely unknown. Frequently observed near human habitations, hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are taken to wildlife rescue centres when found sick or injured. Thus, they may pose a risk to human and animal health if they carry pathogenic Leptospira . Aims This study aimed to describe Leptospira carriage in a hedgehog population and the potential clinical impacts of the infection. Material and Method We investigated Leptospira carriage frequency and diversity in urine samples from 69 hedgehogs at a wildlife rescue centre, between April and June 2022. We used quantitative PCR, typing of the 16S rRNA and lfb1 genes, variable number tandem repeat and multispacer sequence typing to characterise Leptospira DNA. An analysis of urinary biochemical parameters was conducted to assess renal function. Results We detected Leptospira DNA in 25 (35%) of the urine samples, of which 21 were successfully typed. The latter analysis revealed a limited degree of genetic diversity. L. interrogan s ( n = 19) predominated, and the only genotype detected was related to the Australis serogroup ( n = 17). We also noted the presence of L. borgpetersenii ( n = 1) and L. kirschneri ( n = 1). There was no relationship between infection status and urinalysis parameters. Conclusion These results suggest hedgehogs may act as long‐term shedders of Leptospira in natural ecosystems
Inactivation of an indicator virus during microalgae-based wastewater treatment
No full textInternational audienceIn wastewater treatment systems using microalgae called High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAP), UV radiation induces photochemical modifications of DNA and RNA, leading to inactivation and removal of pathogens present in the wastewater. However, high turbidity due to microalgae and detritus from the wastewater reduces UV penetration in HRAP. Microalgae are expected to contribute significantly to turbidity in HRAP, however, they are also responsible for high oxygen concentration, high pH and, in the presence of UVA, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) favoring disinfection, questioning the relative impact of microalgae on pathogen inactivation. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in a laboratory UVA cabinet, the impact of microalgae on indicator viruses' inactivation, in terms of UVA attenuation (inhibition of inactivation) and production of ROS (enhancement of inactivation). Tests were performed in presence or absence of ROS quenchers. The presence of algae or algal organic matter (AOM) increased indirect photo-oxidation of MS2. However, in optical conditions more relevant to HRAP wastewater, no impact of indirect photo-oxidation of MS2 was measured. This study highlighted a significant negative impact of microalgae due to UVA attenuation over 30 cm depth together with a strong inherent capacity to produce ROS for virus inactivation
Equine piroplasmosis in different geographical areas in France: prevalence heterogeneity of asymptomatic carriers and low genetic diversity of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi
No full textInternational audienceEquine piroplasmosis is a worldwide tick-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi , with significant economic and sanitary consequences. It can also limit the export of infected horses to piroplasmosis-free countries. These two parasites are genetically variable, with greater diversity observed in T. equi . This variability can potentially impact diagnostic accuracy. Our study aimed to evaluate the frequency of asymptomatic carriers of these parasites in France and describe the circulating genotypes. We used a species-specific nested PCR protocol targeting the 18S small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and subsequent amplicon sequencing on blood samples collected from 566 asymptomatic horses across four National Veterinary Schools. The carrier frequency varied considerably, ranging from 18.7% around Paris (central-north) to 56.1% around Lyon (southeast), with an overall prevalence of 38.3%. T. equi carriers were ten times more frequent (91.7%, 209/228 isolates) compared to B. caballi carriers (8.8%, 19/228 isolates). Notably, T. equi carrier frequency was significantly lower in the northern region (Ile de France) compared to the southeastern regions. Interestingly, a strong correlation was observed between the frequencies of asymptomatic carriers and reported cases of acute piroplasmosis across all four geographic areas. Neither gender (female, gelding, or stallion) nor horse age showed a significant effect on the frequency of asymptomatic carriers. In areas with the highest carrier frequency, a substantial proportion of horses (22.2% to 37.5%) carried T. equi before the age of three, indicating high infection pressure. Genotyping of 201 T. equi isolates revealed a predominance of genotype E (98%), with only a few isolates belonging to genotype A (2%). Notably, two of the four genotype A isolates were detected in horses originating from Spain. All 19 B. caballi isolates belonged to the most common genotype A of this species. The discussion section explores the link between these results, the tick distribution and abundance, and the frequency of detection of T. equi and B. caballi in febrile cases attributed to piroplasmosis