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L’hirudothérapie en médecine vétérinaire : synthèse bibliographique et enquête sur les pratiques en France
No full textL’utilisation des sangsues connaît à l’heure actuelle un regain d’intérêt, principalement en chirurgie réparatrice et traumatologique humaine. Ce travail s’intéresse à leur emploi dans le domaine vétérinaire. Après une présentation de la biologie des sangsues, et en particulier des propriétés de leur salive, une synthèse bibliographique des utilisations vétérinaires est proposée, accompagnée d’une synthèse des bonnes pratiques à adopter lors de la réalisation d’une séance d’hirudothérapie. L’utilisation des sangsues a été documentée en cas de congestion veineuse chez le chien et le chat, d’hématome chez le chien et le cheval, de polyglobulie chez le chat, de fourbure chez le cheval, et de mammite chez la vache. Ces utilisations préconisées sont comparées aux réalités du terrain à l’aide d’une enquête menée auprès des vétérinaires hirudothérapeutes français. Il en ressort que l’utilisation majeure des sangsues, en pratique, est le traitement des tendinites chez le cheval. En pratique, l’utilisation des sangsues montre une efficacité prometteuse, même si les preuves objectives manquent. En attendant ces preuves, nous proposons une standardisation des protocoles d’hirudothérapie aux praticiens, novices comme expérimentés, sous forme de fiches de bonnes pratiques avant et après la séance
Editorial to the IFSET special issue on the 14th ICEF International Conference
No full textInternational audienc
A quantitative assessment of variability in impact polypropylene mechanical recycling
No full textInternational audiencePlastic recycling has become an environmental and economic necessity. Mechanical recycling by extrusion and injection molding is the preferred method for thermoplastics recycling, owing to its energy efficiency and capacity to process large quantities of plastic solid waste at an industrial scale. For a sustainable plastics economy, it is crucial that mechanical recycling produces high-performance products, even from waste of variable quality. In this context we evaluated the performance of a recycled Impact copolymer polypropylene (PPc), considering a wide range of properties such as dimensions, chemical composition, morphology, melt viscosity, and appearance like color, and mass, as well as mechanical properties such as flexural strength and Charpy Impact resistance. This study highlights that reprocessing leads to changes in color, including a gradual shift from white to light yellow with successive injection molding cycles. A reduction in bulk density is also observed during the transition from pellets to reground flakes. Furthermore, significant chain scission in PP becomes evident from the first reprocessing cycle, reflected in increasing melt flow index (MFI) values. However, the recycling process does not alter the weight of the specimens molded.</div
Ultrafiltration and activated carbon to secure shellfish hatcheries
No full textInternational audienceHuman pressures accumulating on the marine environment, and among the different impacts, pollution, such as that caused by pesticides, is known to jeopardize the shellfish life cycle. The SOAP (Securing shellfish hatcheries by coupling processes) project aimed to improve safety in shellfish hatcheries through the development of an innovative seawater treatment combining ultrafiltration (UF) and activated carbon (AC) processes for the disinfection and chemical decontamination of seawater. The main objectives were to (i) identify the organic micropollutants (OMP) present in coastal seawater, (ii) select optimal treatment conditions to remove these molecules, (iii) study the impact of water quality, after treatment by UF and UF + AC, on shellfish (oyster Magallana gigas and clams Ruditapes philippinarum) and microalgae feed production, and (iv) transfer the best processes to industrial partner sites to evaluate their performance under real conditions (industrial scale with real seawater). Oyster fertilization tests showed high performance of the processes (UF + granular AC or powdered AC) to treat seawater spiked with micropollutants and hatching rates obtained were similar or even higher than the control (sand filtration 30 mu m and UV-disinfected seawater). At the industrial scale, UF enabled to retain bacteria and the combination with granular AC confirmed the efficiency to remove the chemical pollution present in seawater, thus protecting the shellfish and microalgae produced in treated water. However, possible contamination after UF in pipes or AC must be considered. Regarding the microalgae production for feeding clams, UF without granular AC yielded the best results in terms of ease of use and of production. In real conditions, for 1 year, the UF pilot plant proved its robustness and viability, regardless of seawater quality or the operating conditions imposed by the industrial partners. UF-AC seawater treatment process appears to be efficient for the removal of micropollutants and mollusk pathogens
Spectrum of Phenotypes in SMA Patients With 4 SMN2 Copies in the French Population
No full textInternational audienceClinical phenotype and course of individuals with 4 copies of the SMN2 gene are insufficiently described, and presymptomatic treatment remains controversial. This is a cohort study that analyzed data from SMA patients with zero SMN1 and 4 SMN2 copies collected in the "Registre SMA France" to describe epidemiology, clinical presentation, and course. A total of 140 of 1,112 patients with SMA carried 4 SMN2 copies (16% of those with available SMN2 copy number). The median age at onset was 3.5 years (6 months-20 years), and the median follow-up was 32 years. Twelve patients (8.6%) did not walk independently (SMA2). Of them, most were able to stand or walk with support (72%). Independent walking was acquired in 91% (123 SMA3, 5 SMA4), and one-third of them lost this ability (median 16 years). Loss of ambulation was significantly earlier in children with onset before 3 years (SMA3a). There was a significant predominance of male participants in the whole cohort (63%) and in subcohorts (SMA2, 83%; SMA3, 61%; adult population, 68%). There was a significant lower risk for female participants to lose ambulation (p = 0.01). Sixty-five percent of patients used a wheelchair. Scoliosis surgery and ventilation were required in less than 15%. Most SMA patients with 4 SMN2 copies in the French population show an onset during childhood and a progressive course with absence or loss of ambulation before adulthood. Presymptomatic treatment seems an acceptable option to consider, although identification of individual pejorative markers of early or severe phenotypes would allow more targeted approaches. Our results and literature suggest a gender effect in this population. NCT04177134
DISTINCT MUSCLE STEM CELL FATES GOVERNING HYPERPLASIA AND HYPERTROPHY MUSCLE GROWTH IN FISH
No full textInternational audienceSkeletal muscle is the largest tissue in vertebrates. After birth in mammals, muscle growth is mainly driven by hypertrophy. Here, we studied Oncorhynchus mykiss which employs a unique hyperplastic growth modality. We assembled a single-cell atlas of muscle-derived cells (MDCs) across five growth stages in juvenile rainbow trout. Among the fifteen distinct populations residing in growing muscles, we identified eight myogenic subpopulations spanning quiescent, proliferative, and differentiating states. Using RNA velocity analysis, we found two myogenic trajectories, one of these waning as hyperplastic growth declines. Comparative analyses with human atlases established similarities in myogenic states between species, depending on developmental or adult stage. Then, extracellular matrix remodeling by muscle stem cell–intrinsic and extrinsic factors accompanied hyperplasia decline. Notably, we identified a tissue-resident pax7+/pdgfrα+ cell population, indicating muscle stem cells plasticity toward the fibroblastic lineage. This hyperplastic atlas in fish provides insights into mechanisms underpinning muscle growth and can be exploited for comparative studies on myogenesis across species
De nouveaux outils et algorithmes au service de la mesure du bien-être des animaux face au changement climatique – exemples chez les bovins
No full textNational audienc
Proposition d'une grille spécifique pour l'évaluation du bien-être des veaux laitiers
No full textInternational audienc
