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Le numérique en élevage bovin : vers une prise de décision éclairée en santé animale
No full textInternational audienceConnected devices are widely used on farms to collect crucial data on animal health. The authors provide an inventory of existing connected devices in cattle farming, before illustrating the importance of the data provided by these devices and their limitations in terms of diagnosing animal health issues. These concepts are illustrated by presenting research projects focused on the use of connected objects to manage bovine respiratory diseases. The development of decision support tools (DST) based on data collected by connected objects is central to optimizing animal health management. These DST can predict health events by combining the detection of events by connected objects and the prediction of future events using statistical and mechanistic models. The more advanced mechanistic models simulate various scenarios to design intervention strategies. In this way, these DST make an active contribution to the short-, medium- and long-term management of farm animal health, promoting, for example, the rational use of antibiotics through early detection and the rational choice of animals to be treated. However, these tools are not intended to replace the skills of farmers and veterinarians. In addition, their use has a definite financial and environmental impact. Digital technology, in the form of connected objects and DST, as well as veterinary telemedicine and telementoring for young rural vets, appears to be one of the possible solutions to the shortage of veterinary skills.Les objets connectés sont largement utilisés pour collecter des données cruciales sur la santé animale. Les auteurs présentent brièvement le panorama des objets connectés en élevage bovin, avant d’illustrer l'utilité de ces données ainsi que leurs limites en termes de diagnostic dans le cadre de la gestion de la santé animale. Ces notions sont illustrées en présentant des projets de recherche axés sur l'utilisation d’objets connectés pour gérer les maladies respiratoires bovines. Le développement d’outils d’aide à la décision (OAD), s’appuyant sur les données collectées par des objets connectés, aide à optimiser la conduite d’élevage en matière de santé animale. Ces OAD peuvent prédire des évènements de santé en couplant la détection d’évènements par des objets connectés et la prédiction de futurs événements par des modèles statistiques et mécanistes. Les modèles mécanistes, plus avancés, simulent divers scénarii pour concevoir des stratégies d'intervention. Ainsi, ces OAD contribuent activement à la gestion à court, moyen et long terme de la santé des élevages, favorisant, par exemple, un usage raisonné des antibiotiques par la détection précoce et le choix raisonné des animaux à traiter. Néanmoins, ces outils ne visent pas à remplacer les compétences des éleveurs et des vétérinaires. De plus, leur utilisation représente des impacts financiers et environnementaux certains. Le numérique, au travers des objets connectés, des OAD mais aussi au travers de la télémédecine vétérinaire et du « télémentorat » des jeunes vétérinaires ruraux, apparaît comme l’une des réponses possibles au manque de disponibilités des compétences vétérinaires
Benefit-risk analysis of prospective scenarios implementing new-generation food safety management technologies: Qualitative, stakeholder-driven study of the infant food chain
No full textInternational audienceThis paper examines the potential impact of introducing new hazard detection, control, and mitigation tools in the infant food chain by conducting a qualitative and stakeholder-driven benefit-risk analysis of prospective scenarios. The scenarios envision the possible implementations of the tools and approaches developed in the ‘Safe Food For Infants’ (SAFFI) Europe-China project, which include detection technologies, hazard control and mitigation strategies, as well as models for hazard identification and risk ranking. The objective is to evaluate how the implementation of these tools could affect food safety management, particularly in light of diverse consumer behaviors, evolving technologies, and regulatory contexts. Through a scenario-building approach, the paper constructs potential futures for the infant food chain, followed by a detailed benefit-risk analysis. The analysis incorporates a variety of stakeholder perspectives and criteria, including safety, economic impact, and technological advancements. The findings provide valuable insights into how different strategies for hazard control and mitigation may improve food safety, while also considering the trade-offs associated with these strategies. The paper ultimately proposes a global ranking of scenarios based on a collective attitude score, offering a comprehensive evaluation of prospective futures for infant food safety
Génération et utilisation de graphes de connaissances pour aider à la contextualisation des données de métabolomique
No full textInternational audienceThis article introduces a knowledge graph e-infrastructure, the Metabolomic Semantic Data Lake, for contextualizing metabolomics data. It links biological concepts and annotated scientific literature using AI, addressing annotation gaps. Based on Big Data technologies and the Semantic Web, it offers an API for easy data access. FORVM ChemDisease and FORVM Plants graphs enable the analysis of toxicological pathways and the identification of plant biomarkers. The aim is to enhance data integration and interpretation in life sciences.Cet article présente une e-infrastructure de graphes de connaissances, le "Metabolomic Semantic Data Lake", pour contextualiser les données métabolomiques. Elle relie des concepts biologiques et annote la littérature scientifique grâce à des méthodes issues de l'intelligence artificielle, palliant le manque d'annotation dans certains domaines. Basée sur des technologies Big Data et le Web Sémantique, elle offre une API pour un accès facile aux données. Les graphes FORVM ChemDisease et FORVM Plants permettent d'analyser des voies toxicologiques et d'identifier des biomarqueurs végétaux. L'objectif est d'améliorer l'intégration et l'interprétation des données en sciences de la vie
Internet des objets, blockchain et big data : quel(s) rôle(s) pour la prise de décision dans la supply chain automobile ?
No full textInternational audienceThis case study examines the role of digitalization in decision-making within the automotive supply chain. It specifically focuses on the supply chain of the French groupRenault, exploring through participant observation how this manufacturer integrates three emerging technologies—IoT, blockchain, and big data—to enable decision-making in the management of parts and vehicle flows. The results show that IoT (capturing generated data), blockchain (decentralized and secure storage and sharing of collected data), and big data (data analysis) are complementary. Together, they create a digital and connected ecosystem that allows managers to make decisions both to react and adaptto disruptions and crises (resilience) and to anticipate them (proactivity).Cette étude de cas traite du rôle de la digitalisation dans la prise de décision au sein de la supply chain automobile. Elle s’intéresse plus précisément au cas de la chaîne logistique du groupe français Renault en explorant via l’observation participante la manière avec laquelle ce constructeur articule trois technologies émergentes, IoT, blockchain et big data, pour permettre la prise de décision dans la gestion des flux de pièces et de véhicules. Les résultats montrent que l’IoT (capture des données générées), la blockchain (stockage et partage décentralisé et sécurisé des données collectées) et le big data (analyse des données) sont complémentaires et forment un écosystème digital et connecté permettant aux managers de prendre des décisions aussi bien pour réagir et s’adapter aux aléas et crises (résilience) que pour les anticiper (proactivité)
Septic pubic Symphysitis: newest radiological, microbiological and outcome findings in a rare and difficult-to-treat infection
No full textInternational audienceWe recently conducted a retrospective multicenter study to explore the clinical, radiological, and microbiological characteristics of septic pubic symphysitis (SPS), a rare osteoarticular infection. SPS has become more recognized, especially as a complication following pelvic surgeries and cancer treatments [1]. Despite its rarity, the increasing number of cases we observed in our practice highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management [2]. Here, we summarize our findings from a cohort of 71 patients over a 10-year period and reflect on the implications for clinical practice
Aspects juridiques et prévention de la maltraitance des bovins
No full textInternational audienceLa maltraitance animale porte atteinte aux cinq libertés du bien-être animal définies par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (Omsa), comme la privation de nourriture, d’eau ou l’absence de soins vétérinaires. Bien que la maltraitance bovine soit souvent de la négligence plutôt que de la cruauté intentionnelle, les vétérinaires sont tenus de signaler tout acte de maltraitance constaté dans le cadre de leur exercice professionnel. Si le praticien est un acteur majeur de la protection animale, il peut également soutenir les éleveurs en les orientant vers des structures d’aide pour prévenir ces situations
Examen post mortem du rein chez les bovins : identifier les lésions clés
No full textInternational audiencePost-mortem examination is essential for the diagnosis in large animal medicine. It requires rigor and method, particularly for the kidneys that are key organs responsible, among other functions, for blood filtration, hydro-electrolytic regulation and phospho-calcium balance. In cattle, the kidneys are lobulate and large, with a particular vascular and anatomical organisation. Careful external inspection precedes longitudinal section in order to observe the cortex, medulla and renal pelvis. The main renal lesions in cattle include: cysts (incidental, of no clinical consequence) infarcts, due to embolisms or thrombosis, nephritis, related to hematogenous or ascending infections, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis of immune origin, acute tubular necrosis, rare but serious, of toxic or poisonous origin, amyloidosis, related to chronic inflammation, hydronephrosis, urolithiasis, primary or metastatic renal tumors. These different lesions are presented and illustrated in order to facilitate their recognition and increase the relevance of macroscopic diagnosis. Macroscopic diagnosis, in conjunction with additional tests, helps to refine the etiological diagnosis.L’examen post mortem est essentiel pour le diagnostic en médecine vétérinaire rurale. Il nécessite rigueur et méthode, notamment pour les reins, organes clés assurant, entre autres, la filtration sanguine, la régulation hydro-électrolytique et le métabolisme phospho-calcique. Chez les bovins, les reins, lobulés et de grande taille, présentent une organisation vasculaire et anatomique particulière. Une inspection externe minutieuse précède une section longitudinale pour observer cortex, médulla et bassinet. Les principales lésions rénales bovines incluent : les kystes rénaux (non significatifs), les infarctus rénaux, dus à des embolies ou à des thromboses, les néphrites interstitielles, liées à des infections hématogènes ou ascendantes, les pyélonéphrites, les glomérulonéphrites, d’origine immunitaire, les nécroses tubulaires aiguës, rares mais graves, d’origine toxémique ou toxique, l’amyloïdose rénale, liée à une inflammation chronique, l’hydronéphrose, les urolithiases, les tumeurs rénales, primaires ou métastatiques. Ces différentes lésions sont présentées et illustrées afin d’en faciliter la reconnaissance et d’augmenter la pertinence du diagnostic macroscopique. Ce dernier, associé à des examens complémentaires, permet d’affiner le diagnostic étiologique
Virtual surgical planning in orthognathic surgery: A prospective evaluation of postoperative accuracy
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: The development of 3D computer-assisted technologies over the past years has led to vast improvements in orthognathic surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in maxillary position between 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) and surgical results.Materials and methods: We assessed data from 25 patients who underwent bimaxillary non-segmented orthognathic surgery with 3D VSP. Each patient underwent a postoperative CT scan within 40 days after surgery. We compared the STL (Standard Triangulation Language) file from the VSP with that obtained from the postoperative CT.Results: According to our comparative analysis, the postoperative and VSP 3D models did not statistically differ. The Lin concordance correlation coefficient was always >0.95 for each landmark, but in 21 patients (84 % of the sample) we identified at least one point with a difference of more than 1.5 mm between the postoperative and VSP 3D model on at least one axis. The most frequently observed differences corresponded to sagittal translation and pitch rotation.Conclusions: An intraoperative clinical and aesthetic evaluation of the consequences of bone movements on patient face is strongly recommended, also when we use VSP because we may have clinically significant differences from the planning
Susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida bacteria from French farmed trout to antibiotics commonly used in fish farming, and attempt to set epidemiological cut-off values
No full textInternational audienceAeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (ASS) is a bacterium that can cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals. In farmed rainbow trout it causes furunculosis, with more frequent outbreaks when water temperatures are higher, an additional consequence of global warming. When infections occur, antibiotics are sometimes required. However, data on ASS susceptibility is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of eight antibiotics commonly used in fish veterinary medicine in a population of pathogenic ASS, and to calculate provisional epidemiological cut-off values (called CO Epid ). To date, only four epidemiological cut-off values (ECV) have been established by CLSI, and none by EUCAST. In this study, 406 bacterial strains of ASS were collected exclusively from diseased French farmed trout over a 10-year period (2012–2021). A combination of PCR, MALDI-TOF and specific characteristics of the bacterial culture was used to identify each isolate to species level. All MIC data were obtained by the broth dilution method according to CLSI recommendations. Our CO Epid meets the CLSI defined ECV for florfenicol (4 mg/L) and oxytetracycline (1 mg/L). In the absence of a defined ECV, we proposed a CO Epid of 1 mg/L for doxycycline. For sulfadiazine alone, all strains tested were non-wild-type (NWT) with very high MICs. The CO Epid was calculated as 4.8/0.25 mg/L for sulfadiazine + trimethoprim (one two-fold dilution difference from the ECV established by CLSI for ormetoprim + sulfadimethoxine). For quinolones, CO Epid were 4 mg/L, 4 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L for oxolinic acid, flumequine and enrofloxacin, respectively, with a cross-resistance mechanism. This CO Epid for oxolinic acid far exceeds the CLSI defined ECV (0.125 mg/L). A total of 12 strains (3%) were classified as NWT for all antibiotics tested. Over the period studied, the proportion of bacteria susceptible to the different molecules remained stable, except for the tetracycline family. These data will be available to establish internationally agreed epidemiological cut-off values, which are lacking for some antibiotics. These cut-offs are essential to assess and monitor the emergence of bacterial populations with resistance traits, and to establish clinical breakpoints for better use of antimicrobials in fish