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Impact of pre-growth and storage conditions on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in acidic baby fruit purees: Implications for food safety and consumer practices
No full textInternational audienceListeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a serious disease with high mortality rates, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. Its resilience to environmental stresses, such as pH and cold temperatures, makes it a critical public health concern. Baby fruit purees are high acidic food products that are often the first foods to be introduced as variety in babies' diet. In the case of partial consumption of fruit purees, consumer practices may influence exposure of infants to L. monocytogenes in the event of accidental contamination. The purpose of the study was to investigate the survival of L. monocytogenes in fruit purees under various storage conditions and previous growth conditions, simulating consumer practices.L. monocytogenes 10403S grown at 10 °C (fridge), 25 °C (ambient) or 37 °C (control) at pH 5.5 or 7.2, was inoculated in fruit puree and stored at 10 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. Decimal reduction times obtained from fitting inactivation data to the log-linear model, were significantly influenced by storage temperature, showing a protective effect of refrigerated temperature, with extended survival times (mean D10°C = 10.8 ± 0.34 h at 10 °C). Growth conditions, assimilated to conditions preceding accidental contamination, also influenced L. monocytogenes survival; cells pre-cultured at acidic pH 5.5 before inoculation in fruit puree, exhibited increased resistance, particularly at growth temperatures above 25 °C.This study confirms the role of acid pre-adaptation in enhancing L. monocytogenes survival under acidic stress. These findings highlight the importance of understanding stress adaptation for developing more accurate predictive microbial risk models to communicate appropriately with consumers
Comment évaluer et gérer le parasitisme interne de la génisse laitière avec les outils à disposition ?
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Apparent prevalence and distribution of foot lesions in finishing French young bulls: A slaughterhouse cross-sectional study
No full textInternational audienceThis study aimed to estimate the apparent prevalence of foot lesions and their distribution at the animal and batch levels in finishing French young bulls at slaughter, using a cross-sectional study conducted in four slaughterhouses. All 4 feet of 2102 young bulls (19.2 ± 2.4 months old) were collected and examined in spring and autumn 2023. Two methods were used to estimate lesion prevalence: a direct estimation based on all observed animals, and a logistic mixed-effects model accounting for clustering at the slaughterhouse and farm levels as random effects. The results presented here refer to the adjusted estimates, based on a subset of 1387 animals coming from 99 farms. Almost all animals were affected by at least one foot lesion. The most common included diffuse sole hemorrhages (SHD), affecting 83.1 % of animals and 99.4 % of batches, white line hemorrhages (WLH) affecting 49.5 % of animals and 97.1 % of batches, and heel horn erosion (HHE) present in 73.6 % of animals and 97.9 % of batches. Digital dermatitis (DD) affected 26.8 % of animals and approximately half the batches. Alarm lesions, potentially indicative of lameness, were observed in 30.8 % of young bulls. Among these, WLF and Bulb ulcer (BU) were more prevalent on hind feet, while other lesions showed no foot preference. Charolais young bulls showed a higher lesion prevalence than other breeds. This study provides valuable insights into foot health of finishing young bulls in France, highlighting frequent lesions in these indoor-reared animals and the presence of potentially lame individuals and widespread digital dermatitis
Deep learning-assisted detection of meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament combined tears in adult knee magnetic resonance imaging: a crossover study with arthroscopy correlation
No full textInternational audienceAimWe aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of physicians in the detection of arthroscopically confirmed meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with and without assistance from a deep learning (DL) model.MethodsWe obtained preoperative MR images from 88 knees of patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair, with or without ACL reconstruction. Ninety-eight MR images of knees without signs of meniscus or ACL tears were obtained from a publicly available database after matching on age and ACL status (normal or torn), resulting in a global dataset of 186 MRI examinations. The Keros® (Incepto, Paris) DL algorithm, previously trained for the detection and characterization of meniscus and ACL tears, was used for MRI assessment. Magnetic resonance images were individually, and blindly annotated by three physicians and the DL algorithm. After three weeks, the three human raters repeated image assessment with model assistance, performed in a different order.ResultsThe Keros® algorithm achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.93, 0.99), 0.91 (95% CI 0.85, 0.96), and 0.99 (95% CI 0.98, 0.997) in the detection of medial meniscus, lateral meniscus and ACL tears, respectively. With model assistance, physicians achieved higher sensitivity (91% vs. 83%, p = 0.04) and similar specificity (91% vs. 87%, p = 0.09) in the detection of medial meniscus tears. Regarding lateral meniscus tears, sensitivity and specificity were similar with/without model assistance. Regarding ACL tears, physicians achieved higher specificity when assisted by the algorithm (70% vs. 51%, p = 0.01) but similar sensitivity with/without model assistance (93% vs. 96%, p = 0.13).ConclusionsThe current model consistently helped physicians in the detection of medial meniscus and ACL tears, notably when they were combined.Level of evidenceDiagnostic study, Level III
Etude ostéologique et myologique du Caméléon casqué du Yémen (Chamaeleo calyptratus, Duméril et Bibron, 1851)
No full textDans cette thèse, une étude appronfondie de l'anatomie comprenant la structure osseuse et la myologie de Chamaeleo calyptratus a été réalisée, en mettant l'accent sur les particularités spécifiques de l'anatomie de cette espèce tout à fait singulière. La majorité des études anatomiques de Chamaeleo calyptratus, portent sur les viscères et, à l'inverse, les travaux sur l'ostéologie et la myologie sont rares. Dans cette thèse les différentes parties du squelette ont été traitées, telles que la tête osseuse, la colonne vertébrale, le squelette des membres en identifiant les caractéristiques uniques de chaque région. L'étude de la myologie est basée sur des dissections de tous les muscles de la tête, de l'appareil hyoïdo-lingual, des membres thoraciques et pelviens du phénotype adulte. Cette thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension de l'anatomie globale et offre un outil pratique pour le montage des squelettes et une contribution significative à la connaissance de la myologie si particulière de cette espèce
A comprehensive library of lifetime physiological equations for PBK models: Enhancing dietary exposure modeling with mercury as a case study
No full textInternational audienceDietary risk assessment of food contaminants requires a well-established understanding of the exposure in a heterogeneous population. There are many methods for estimating human exposure to food contaminants, such as intake calculations and internal biomarkers of exposure measured in individuals. However, those methods are expensive, partly invasive, and often provide a momentary exposure snapshot. Physiologically Based Kinetic (PBK) modelling is increasingly used to overcome those challenges that traditional human exposure methods encounter. Still, PBK models are often restricted to certain life stages (e.g., children, adolescents, adults). This study outlines a strategy for implementing nonlinear organ growths in age-specific PBK models to enhance dietary risk assessment from lifetime exposure. To this end, lifetime physiological equations calculating organ growth for both sexes were inventoried from literature and a library was established for 24 organs. We then assessed total lifelong mercury exposure via foodstuff by combining two existing age-specific PBK models for methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (iHg) that simulated internal exposure to total mercury, the speciation typically measured in hair and urine. We implemented a set of physiological equations in the PBK model that fitted best the total mercury measured in individuals' organs, hair, and urine from heterogeneous populations. For refined dietary risk assessment, we ultimately estimated total mercury concentration in hair and urine based on i) maximum limits defined by the regulation for MeHg in seafood, ii) the health-based guidance values for MeHg and iHg, and iii) realistic intakes considering French demographic parameters and food consumption data. These exposure scenarios demonstrated that total mercury concentrations in hair and urine estimated from realistic intakes are below critical effect level measures at all ages. The result of this study is the creation of easily accessible tools in Excel and R that facilitate the implementation of physiological equations in Next Generation PBK models
Influences environnementales sur l'habitat du thon Germon (Thunnus Alalunga) dans les eaux de la Polynésie française
No full textLe thon germon, qui représente 50 % des captures réalisées à la palangre en Polynésie française, joue un rôle essentiel dans l’économie et l’industrie alimentaire de la région. Étant peu résilient, il nécessite une attention particulière, notamment dans les États insulaires du Pacifique Sud cherchant à développer leurs pêcheries. Cette étude examine la distribution spatiale et temporelle du thon germon au sein de la Zone Économique Exclusive polynésienne (ZEEP) à partir de données mensuelles collectées entre 2000 et 2022. Les paramètres environnementaux influençant les captures par unité d’effort (CPUE) ont été analysés à l’aide de modèles additifs généralisés (GAM) pour caractériser l’habitat préférentiel de l’espèce. Les modèles GAMs ont mis en évidence une variabilité saisonnière marquée, avec une production accrue entre mai et décembre, ainsi qu’une variation interannuelle notable, principalement liée aux phénomènes La Niña. Les habitats préférentiels identifiés incluent une température de surface de la mer de 25 à 30 °C, une concentration d’oxygène dissous de 190 à 215 mmol.m⁻³, un taux de chlorophylle de 0,01-0,1 mg.m⁻³ et 0,14 mg.m⁻³ et une salinité de 35,2 à 36,5 PSU. De plus, les courants zonaux sont entre -0,15 et 0,1 m·s⁻¹, et les courants méridionaux entre -0,1 et 0,05 m·s⁻¹. Des différences significatives ont été observées entre les zones nord et sud de la ZEEP, mettant en évidence une hétérogénéité des habitats et confirmant que certaines zones servent de sites de frayage pour le thon germon. Ces résultats offrent un outil précieux pour une gestion durable des pêcheries, particulièrement dans un contexte de durabilité et de changements climatiques
Viandes en circuits courts : défis économiques et qualité pour les éleveurs de porcs et de bovins
No full textInternational audienceLes tendances d'achat montrent que les consommateurs se tournent de plus en plus vers les circuits courts pour leur alimentation. Cependant, il existe un manque de données économiques et une absence d'outils et de référentiels pour gérer divers aspects de la qualité des produits adaptés au contexte de la transformation à la ferme et de la vente directe. Maîtriser la qualité de ces produits est essentiel pour répondre aux attentes des consommateurs. Le projet VICTOR vise à développer des outils pour accompagner les éleveurs de bovins et de porcs en circuits courts dans la maîtrise de la qualité de leurs viandes et charcuteries. Il a pour objectif d'améliorer leurs connaissances et de renforcer le contrôle des aspects liés à la qualité et à la rentabilité de leur activité
Biosécurité & bien être dans les grands évènements sportifs équestres
No full textNational audienceLa biosécurité comprend la prise en compte de nombreux points comme la gestion du flux des chevaux, l’installation de boxes d’isolement, le nettoyage et la désinfection des locaux et des outils mais aussi la lutte contre les insectes. Beaucoup de ces points sont en lien également avec le bien-être du cheval qui est, à ce jour, au cœur de toutes les préoccupations.Anne Couroucé, professeur en médecine interne des équidés à l’école vétérinaire de Nantes présentera dans cette webconférence en collaboration avec le RESPE les mesures de biosécurité applicables lors des grands évènements sportifs équestres
Self-assessed and Clinical Halitosis among Patients in the UAE: Agreement and Associated Risk Factors.
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: To evaluate the relationship between self-assessed and clinically measured halitosis, identify associated risk factors, and assess the diagnostic accuracy of a simple self-assessment method.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 adults in the UAE. Self-perceived halitosis was assessed via questionnaire and the cupping-hands technique (0-5 scale). Clinical halitosis was determined using Oral Chroma (Nissha FIS; Osaka, Japan) to measure volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). Oral examinations recorded oral hygiene status, tongue coating, periodontal health, caries, and restoration quality. Associations were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression. The diagnostic accuracy of self-assessment was evaluated against Oral Chroma findings.Results: Self-reported halitosis prevalence increased from 26% (questionnaire) to 57.8% (cupping-hands), while clinical halitosis was detected in 63.7% of participants. Self-assessment showed moderate agreement with clinical diagnosis (κ = 0.426) and a sensitivity and specificity of 73.9% and 70.3%, respectively. Methyl mercaptan had the strongest association with perceived odor (AUC = 0.782). Both self-assessed and clinical halitosis were statistically significantly associated with tongue coating, poor oral hygiene, gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, caries, imperfect restorations, and BANA positivity (all p 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified smoking, prosthesis use, infrequent dental visits, and inadequate use of dental floss and mouthwash as independent predictors.Conclusion: Halitosis was highly prevalent and strongly linked to modifiable oral hygiene and behavioral factors. The cupping-hands method correlated with VSC measurements and may be a useful screening tool. Public health strategies and clinical practice should emphasize tongue cleaning, periodontal care, and regular dental visits to reduce oral malodor