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Evaluation of Theileria equi vertical transmission rate and routes in a cohort of asymptomatic mares and their foals
No full textInternational audienceEquine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease mainly caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. The objectives of this study were to analyse the frequency and routes of vertical transmission of these blood parasites from 179 asymptomatic mares to their foals. Foals were sampled within 72 h post-partum. The seroprevalences determined by Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and based on a subset sample of 107 couples, were 59.8% and 42.1% for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively in the mare population, and 54.2% and 40.2% in the foal population. A species-specific nested PCR was performed on all blood samples (358) and on available samples of placenta (24), umbilicus (6) and colostrum (18). For mares, 30.2% (54/179) and 2.2% (4/179) were PCR-positive for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. Vertical transmission was not observed in the case of B. caballi, and four foals were born T. equi PCR-positive, giving a transmission rate of 7.4% (4/54). The blood smear evaluation showed viable T. equi parasites for the four foals without clinical signs of neonatal equine piroplasmosis, but one foal had acute renal failure. Theileria equi DNA was detected in umbilical cords, placenta and/or colostrum from PCR-positive mares, without correlation with the carrier status of the foal. One foal was born carrier but T. equi DNA had not been detected in the placenta. The 18S rRNA genotype E of T. equi was characterized in the four foals, foetal parts of the placenta and colostrum. The routes of transmission and particularly the possibility of colostral passage warrant further investigation
Valorization of Dialium guineense fruit seeds as new hydrocolloid for food application
No full textInternational audienceProcessing Dialium guineense fruit pulp into soft drinks is currently the only value chain of this fruit in the Republic of Guinea. As for the seeds, they are entirely discarded in nature. This study aims to add value to these seeds by transforming them into seed powder and mucilage, and to assess the techno-functional potential of each of these products by analysing their physicochemical characteristics and functional properties. The results show a high proportion of seeds (over 58%), with a high level of mucilage extracted (21.08 ± 0.74%) from these seeds. Slightly acidic pHs (5.76 ± 0.01 and 5.57 ± 0.02, respectively) give seed powder and mucilage high emulsifying power. Seed powder and mucilage have high water retention capacities at 25 °C (3.97 g water/g DM and 6.68 g water/g DM, respectively), as do their swelling indices (617% and 650%). The colloidal stability of D. guineense fruit nectar is better ensured by seed powder, since from 1.5% seed powder, the sedimentation index is zero. D. guineense mucilage and seed powder (finely ground) can therefore be used to improve the colloidal stability of D. guineense fruit nectar, as well as for other food applications, notably as a thickener, emulsifier, and foaming agent
Etude de l'impact des écoulements vaginaux purulents sur les performances de reproduction chez la vache allaitante dans une clientèle vétérinaire française
No full textLes liens entre santé utérine des vaches allaitantes et leurs performanes de reproduction ont été peu étudiées à ce jour, en particulier en France. Suite à l'étude de Claes et al. (202), une seconde étude des écoulements vaginaux entre le vêlage et la mise à la reproduction a été réalisée sur le terrain sur 209 vaches de race Blonde d'Aquitaine et Charolaise. La définition des écoulements vaginaux purulens retenue (score supérieur ou égal à 3) est issue des publications en élevage laitier et llaitant. La prévalence des écoulements vginaux purulents entre 21 et 44 jours post-partum est de 13.5% (11.5% de Blonde d'Aquitaine et 2% de Charolaise). Après avoir combiné nos données sur les performances de reproduction avec celles de Claes et al. (2021), il a été mis en évidence une diminution de la probabilité de gestation à 100 jours posst-partum chez les vaches multipares mises à la reproduction avant 60 jours post-partum. Bien que les modèles statistiques utilisés ne respectent pas les conditions de normaliténécessaires à une interprétation fiable, il semble exister un allongement de l'intervalle vêlage-fécondation chez cette même catégorie d'individus (+20.5 jours). A la lumière de ces deux études, un examen vaginal ciblé pourrait être réalisé à la mise à la reproduction sur les vaches dont l'anamnèse rapporte une césarienne, un prolapsus utérin ou une non-délivrance à la suite du vêlage, un veau de plus de 53 kg à la naissance ou un vêlage en fin de période (intervalle vêlage-mise au taureau inférieur à 60 jours). Ceci pourrait permettre d'envisager, chez ces individus, une réforme ou un traitement antibiotique et éventuellement hormonal
La situation financière des étudiants vétérinaires d'Oniris Vetagrobio et ses répercussions sur les études
No full textCette étude s’intéresse au financement des études vétérinaires à Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes et à son impact sur le parcours académique des étudiants. À partir des données administratives de l’école (promotion 2024–2025) et d’un questionnaire diffusé auprès de la population étudiante présente durant l’année scolaire 2024-2025, l’analyse met en évidence la diversité des ressources mobilisées et les inégalités économiques qui traversent la formation. Les résultats montrent que le soutien familial constitue la principale source de financement, notamment pour les frais de logement et de vie courante. Les aides publiques (bourses sur critères sociaux, aides au logement) apportent un soutien complémentaire pour compenser les coûts réels de la formation. Les disparités selon l’origine sociale influencent directement les modes de financement, le recours à l’emploi étudiant et la capacité à participer à certains stages, notamment à l’étranger. Cette étude souligne ainsi un équilibre financier fragile pour certains, dépendant fortement du milieu d’origine et des transferts familiaux. Elle met en évidence la nécessité d’une meilleure information sur les dispositifs existants et d’un accompagnement renforcé pour garantir une égalité d’accès effective aux études vétérinaires
L'intoxication à la nicotine chez le chien et le chat : analyse des données du CAPAE-Ouest
No full textDu fait de sa présence dans un grand nombre de foyers en France, la nicotine est un toxique auquel s’exposent relativement fréquemment les chiens et les chats. Dans un premier temps, une étude bibliographique présente les principales sources de nicotine pouvant conduire à une exposition, puis son mécanisme d’action et sa toxicité, ainsi que le tableau clinique engendré et la conduite à tenir préconisée en cas d’intoxication. Dans un second temps, une étude rétrospective épidémio-clinique portant sur 692 appels au CAPAE-Ouest est développée. Celle-ci met en évidence une exposition marquée des chiens par rapport aux chats et concerne principalement les individus de moins de 1 an. La modalité d’exposition relève systématiquement de l’ingestion accidentelle. Les principales sources de nicotine ingérées sont des cigarettes, des liquides de recharge pour cigarettes électroniques, des mégots et des médicaments de sevrage tabagique. L’étude se concentre ensuite sur un échantillon de 100 individus symptomatiques. Le tableau clinique comprend notamment de troubles digestifs tels que des vomissements et de l’hypersalivation, ainsi qu’une atteinte de l’état général voire des troubles neuromusculaires. Les troubles cardiovasculaires, respiratoires ou urinaires sont relevés en faible proportion. La symptomatologie est similaire entre les chiens et les chats. De manière générale, l’intoxication est de faible sévérité clinique et connaît une évolution favorable, en lien avec les faibles quantités ingérées par l’animal
Enhancing ecosystem services in cattle farming: insights from the PRESENCE project
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Assessment and enhancement of cattle farming services in northwestern France landscape
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Age-related differences in a DRM task: affect as a mediator
No full textInternational audienceResearch regularly shows that susceptibility to false memories increases with age. Concurrently, other research in younger adults suggests that false memories are more numerous under positive mood states than negative or neutral ones. Nevertheless, relationships between age, mood state, and the production of false memories still require clarification. To this aim, we presented younger and older adults with DRM lists followed by a free recall test. Participants also completed several questionnaires assessing their current mood state, trait affect, and life satisfaction. Results indicate that older adults recall fewer studied words but more critical lures than younger adults, and show that negative affect mediates the age-related effect on correct recalls. Specifically, a lower level of negative affect, as reported by older adults, reduces the effect of age on correct recalls. Our study provides new data suggesting that negative trait affect should be considered more regularly in research
Epidemiology of bone metastasis in France between 2009 and 2018
No full textInternational audienceBone is the third most frequent metastatic site, and bone metastases (BM) are responsible for severe skeletal complications requiring dedicated care. There is no recent BM epidemiology data. This study aimed to describe incident BM patients in France between 2009 and 2018. We accessed the general sample of beneficiaries from the French health insurance reimbursement database. The algorithm identified new adult BM patients through the BM hospitalization code or through codes reflecting the onset of a skeletal-related event (SRE): severe bone pain, pathologic fracture, spinal compression, or hypercalcemia, in patients with a diagnosis of cancer. Patients with primary sarcoma or with prevalent BM during the 3 yr preceding the inclusion date were excluded. A total of 6663 new BM patients over 10 yr, corresponding to 775 573 patients in the whole French population, were identified. The trend analysis of the overall crude rate of incident patients found a significant increase over the 2009-2018 period (average annual percent change of 8.6%, 95% CI [7.5; 9.7]). The most frequent primary cancer sites were breast (15.8%), prostate (13.4%), lung (12.6%), and digestive organs (10.6%). The median [IQR] follow-up was 1.3 yr [0.3-3.4] mainly interrupted by death (63.5%). Among BM patients, 4737 with SRE at inclusion or over the follow-up were identified. Over the period following the onset of an SRE, 66.4% received an opioid medication and 39.6% a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Despite advances in oncology, BM concern a high number of patients. The burden of SRE is significant and preoccupant. Specific strategies to face this issue are urgent
Decorin Knockdown Improves Aged Tendon Healing by Enhancing Recovery of Viscoelastic Properties, While Biglycan May Not
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of the study was to determine the specific roles of decorin and biglycan in the early and late phases of tendon healing in aged mice. Aged (300 day-old) female wildtype (WT), Dcn flox/flox (I- Dcn -/- ), Bgn flox/flox (I- Bgn -/- ), and compound Dcn flox/flox /Bgn flox/flox (I- Dcn -/- /Bgn -/- ) mice with a tamoxifen (TM) inducible Cre underwent a bilateral patellar tendon injury (PT). Cre excision of the conditional alleles was induced at 5 days (samples collected at 3 and 6 weeks) or 21 days post-injury (samples collected at 6 weeks). Scar tissue area, collagen architecture, gene expression and mechanical properties were assessed during re-establishment of tendon architecture after injury. Fibril diameter distribution was impacted by both decorin and biglycan knockdown at 3 and 6 weeks compared to WT. Although early healing appeared to be delayed in the I- Bgn -/- tendons (larger scar tissue area at 3 weeks), no differences in failure properties were detected. By 6 weeks, in the I- Dcn -/- tendons, we observed a better recovery of viscoelastic properties compared to the WT tendons (reduced stress relaxation and increased dynamic modulus) when the knockdown was induced early. This could be explained by the increased expression of other matrix proteins, such as elastin whose gene expression was increased at 3 weeks in the I- Dcn -/- tendons. Despite an impact on collagen fibrillogenesis, decorin and/or biglycan knockdown did not produce a detectable effect on quasi-static properties after patellar tendon injury. However, early decorin knockdown resulted in better recovery of viscoelastic properties. Mechanisms underlying this result remained to be clarified in further studies