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From Product-Service Systems to Smart Product-Service Systems. A Survey About German Companies and Practical Implications
No full textPart 6: Advances in Production Management SystemsInternational audienceThis paper discusses a study conducted in Germany on smart product-service systems and their adoption among companies. The study examines the current state of the implementation of smart product-service systems, the importance of digital technologies, motivations for adoption, challenges faced, and the need for support. The findings show that 40% of surveyed companies are preparing to use or already utilize applications for smart product-service systems. Large companies and those in the industrial sector are more likely to have implemented smart product-service systems. Companies with experience in smart product-service systems prioritize digital technologies such as the Internet of Things. Motivations for adoption include leveraging data, increasing competitiveness, meeting customer requirements, and creating new value. Challenges vary between experienced and inexperienced companies, with the former facing issues related to data protection, security, and costs, while the latter struggle with strategies, concepts, and human resources. System and solution providers have the highest adoption rate, followed by product providers, with service providers lagging behind. The study provides valuable insights for companies considering the implementation of smart product-service systems and offers guidance on technology integration, motivations, challenges, and the need for support
Sustainability Evaluation of Electronic Components: A Case Study of a Swedish Temperature-sensing Solutions Manufacturer
No full textPart 6: Advances in Production Management SystemsInternational audienceThe electronic industry faces increasing pressure to enhance product sustainability across the supply chain. Understanding the environmental impact of electronic devices is vital for informed decision-making and meeting customer demands for eco-friendly products among growing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures. This paper evaluates the sustainability impact of a Swedish electronic component manufacturer, TSS AB, specializing in temperature-sensing solutions, considering both the company's and their client's perspectives. Employing a life cycle assessment (LCA) and LCA software tools, we comprehensively analyze environmental impacts. Through a cradle-to-grave assessment, we evaluate production processes, reverse logistics, refurbishment, reuse, and disposal, identifying environmental hotspots for improvement. Additionally, we explore the influence of regulatory frameworks on incentivizing sustainable product development. Our findings contribute to the electronics sector's growing emphasis on sustainability, offering insights for companies aiming for net-zero emissions and circular product lifecycles
An In-Depth Analysis of Security and Privacy Concerns in Smart Home IoT Devices Through Expert User Interviews
No full textPart 2: Enhancing AwarenessInternational audienceThe integration of smart home IoT devices into households promises to improve users’ living experiences and increase convenience, but raises manifold privacy and security concerns. This study conducts 11 interviews with expert users in Germany, employing qualitative content analysis to unveil prevalent privacy and security concerns. The objective is to survey smart home usage behavior and user knowledge to identify the need for solutions that educate users on potential threats, and aid them in securing their smart home. The findings illuminate the evolving dynamics of user perspectives within the rapidly advancing smart home landscape of IoT devices and the need for open-source solutions that provide recommendations and data flow control in smart home devices. Although knowledgeable in general, it can be observed that even expert users lack awareness of information flows in smart homes, calling for more education and the creation of software and hardware-based solutions to mitigate threats in the future
Safeguarding Children’s Digital Privacy: Exploring Design Requirements for Effective Literacy Training for Parents
No full textPart 2: Enhancing AwarenessInternational audienceWith the rise of digital technologies, more personal data from children is collected than ever before. Studies have shown that parents frequently fail to effectively protect their children’s online data, often inadvertently putting them at risk instead. Previous research has therefore highlighted a pressing need for new privacy literacy training aimed at parents. However, to our knowledge, research has so far failed to investigate the design requirements necessary for the efficacy of these new programmes. This study aims to address this gap by pairing the perspectives of parents and media educators on privacy literacy training. Through qualitative and exploratory studies, parents and media educators were interviewed to gain insights into how privacy education approaches can be enhanced. The findings illuminate the disparities and concurrences between these two cohorts, thereby unveiling areas that require improvement. This research significantly contributes to the understanding of how to design more effective privacy literacy training for parents in order to protect children’s privacy online
Intelligent Information Processing XII: 13th IFIP TC 12 International Conference, IIP 2024, Shenzhen, China, May 3–6, 2024, Proceedings, Part II
No full textInternational audienceBook Front Matter of AICT 70
Utilizing Attention for Continuous Human Action Recognition Based on Multimodal Fusion of Visual and Inertial
No full textPart 1: Pattern RecognitionInternational audienceBoth Visual and inertial are important modals of human action recognition and have a wide range of applications in virtual reality, human-computer interaction, action perception, and other fields. Currently, most of the work has achieved significant results by utilizing both visual and inertial sensor data, as well as deep learning methods. This method of integrating multimodal information makes the system more robust and adaptable to different environments and action scenarios. However, these works still have the drawbacks of data fusion and high demand for computing resources. In this article, a method for continuous human action recognition based on visual and inertial sensors using attention is proposed. Specifically, a deep visual inertial attention network(VIANet) architecture was designed to integrate spatial, channel and temporal attention into visual 3D CNN, integrate temporal attention mechanism into inertial 2D CNN, and perform decision level fusion on it. Experimental verification was conducted on the C-MHAD public dataset. The experiment shows that the proposed VIANet outperforms previous baseline in multi-modal human action recognition
Open-Set Sensor Human Activity Recognition Based on Reciprocal Time Series
No full textPart 1: Pattern RecognitionInternational audienceHuman activity recognition (HAR) using wearable sensors has witnessed significant advancements in recent years. However, the traditional closed-set assumption restricts models to predicting only known activity classes. This limitation can be overcome by building models under the open-set recognition paradigm. Most existing methods mitigate the open-set risk by adjusting known class boundaries, but this approach overlooks the potential correlations between unknown classes and can lead to over-generalization, requiring more and higher-quality training data. This paper introduces the concept of reciprocal time series, which serves as the latent representation of the unknown class space for each known class. By comparing samples to these reciprocal time series, the model can classify them as either known or unknown. We propose a novel metric to measure temporal similarity within the embedding space. The constructed boundary space, formed by the reciprocal time series, facilitates the effective learning of inherent generalization features from a large number of unknown samples through multi-class interaction, ultimately reducing the open-set risk. Extensive experiments on three public sensor datasets demonstrate that our model surpasses existing methods on the open-set recognition task for sensor-based HAR, particularly excelling in recognizing unknown class instances
Trading Digital-Valued Assets Within Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Supply Chains: A Scoping Review of Additive Manufacturing and Digital Trade
No full textPart 1: Smart and Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Society 5.0 EraInternational audienceAdditive manufacturing, a cyber-physical process that has gained popularity, can revolutionise manufacturing across various industries. By trading digital assets globally, additive manufacturing can support Industry 5.0 principles like sustainability or resilience. Thus, examining the potential for digital trade within cyber-physical manufacturing supply chains is crucial. This paper responds to the research challenge by providing an overview of digital trade (including e-commerce) within the additive manufacturing research landscape. The scoping review technique systematically investigated the extant literature and comprehensively summarised evidence based on their emergent themes and recurring content. The paper enumerates evidence of research efforts made so far within this field. The findings reveal that the topic is still not extensively studied despite this research field's growth. It has also been discovered that existing studies predominately focus on digitally-ordered processes rather than digitally-delivered processes, which primarily involve the trade of physical artefacts rather than cyber artefacts. These knowledge gaps highlight the opportunities for further research that will advance the field and significantly contribute to society’s transition into Industry 5.0. It is anticipated that this paper, by providing a comprehensive overview and identifying research gaps, will guide stakeholders (practitioners, researchers, academics, educators, and policymakers) with foundational knowledge on the subject and inspire more studies in this area, ultimately enhancing society’s readiness to embrace active trading of digital-valued assets within cyber-physical supply chains using additive manufacturing
Analysis of People’s Continental Behavior Regarding Cycling in Light of the Cyclability Index
No full textPart 1: Smart and Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Society 5.0 EraInternational audienceThe excessive use of motor vehicles in urban mobility has caused many negative impacts on both society and the environment in several cities around the world. Issues such as traffic congestion, noise, and air pollution caused by the excessive release of CO2 into the atmosphere, and inefficient use of public spaces make people more stressed, with cardiovascular and respiratory problems. In recent years, there has been much discussion about the use of bicycles as an alternative form of active and sustainable mobility, which not only does not contribute to pollution but also promotes physical activity. After categorizing cities considered bicycle-friendly by continent, the objective of this study is to evaluate if there are significant differences in the bike-friendliness index presented by these cities when compared by continent groups. Data were collected from the Global Bicycle Cities Index - GBCI for the year 2022. Indicators such as safety, infrastructure, events, critical mass, and availability of shared bicycles are considered, and the social network analysis tool using graphs from NetDraw® software is utilized. It is concluded that there are no significant differences among the available indices except related to the availability of shared bicycles
Autonomous Vehicles as a Way to Mitigate Traffic Accidents: A Literature Review of Obstacles of Its Implementation
No full textPart 1: Smart and Sustainable Supply Chain Management in the Society 5.0 EraInternational audienceAutonomous vehicles have been announced as innovative solutions for transport with the potential for changes in the transport of cargo and passengers. The objective of this paper is to analyze the challenges of vehicle automation adoption to mitigate traffic accidents. To do so, a literature review was conducted, and the implications were verified in the light of the Brazilian case. The results suggest that the country has great potential to benefit from the implementation of autonomous vehicles since it has a large number of traffic accidents caused by human error, such as distraction, tiredness, and recklessness, among others. However, the literature indicated that the barriers to the implementation of autonomous cars refer to; the need for improvements in obstacle detection by autonomous vehicles; users’ perception regarding the adoption of this technology; questions about the interaction between pedestrians and drivers; cost competitiveness of vehicles; as well as the need of improvement in road safety and reduction of accidents