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Machine learning‐based life cycle assessment for environmental sustainability optimization of a food supply chain
No full textInternational audienceEffective resource allocation in the agri-food sector is pivotal in reducing environmental impacts and moving towards circular food supply chains. Recent studies highlight the potential of integrating the established life cycle assessment (LCA) with machine learning (ML), a subset of artificial neural networks. This hybrid approach is beneficial not only for evaluating food supply chains but also for optimizing them towards a more sustainable system. However, a crucial step in the optimization process is defining the bounds, or minimum and maximum values, for the variables. Typically, the bounds for optimization variables in these studies are derived from the minimum and maximum values obtained through interviews and questionnaires. A discrepancy in these ranges can influence the final optimization outcomes. To tackle this issue, this study introduces a novel method for determining optimization bounds using the Delphi methodology. An integrated environmental assessment approach combining LCA, multilayer perceptron artificial neural network, Delphi methodology, and genetic algorithm was applied to optimize a pomegranate case study in a food supply chain context. The findings reveal that the proposed approach holds promise for achieving significant reductions in environmental impacts (potential reduction of global warming by 46%) within the investigated case study. The inclusion of the Delphi methodology for variable bound determination adds novelty to the resource allocation optimization process in the agri-food sector. This research contributes to the broader understanding of sustainable practices and offers practical insights for enhancing environmental performance in the agri-food industry
La « viande de culture » : ce que nous savons et ce qu’il faudrait savoir. Volet B : qualités extrinsèques de la « viande de culture »
No full textInternational audienceDespite strong media interest, growing investment and marketing approvals in Singapore and the USA, the number of available scientific studies on “cultured meat” is moderate. These studies often concern the technical processes or consumer acceptability surveys. There are few studies on the environmental impact, making it impossible to verify the claims made by companies in the sector with complete transparency. Ethical aspects are complex and concern not only animal welfare, but also human–animal relationships, the future of livestock farming and the model of our agri-food system. Religious considerations are also the subject of much debate, particularly by experts from the Jewish and Muslim religions. The commercial strategies of companies using the vocabulary of the agri-food sector are also contested, particularly in terms of regulations. The results of consumer surveys are to be interpreted with caution, but highlight the importance of many factors in determining the potential acceptance of “cultured meat”, with price and cultural factors dominating.Malgré un fort engouement médiatique, des investissements croissants et des autorisations de mise sur le marché à Singapour et aux États-Unis, le nombre d’études scientifiques disponibles sur la « viande de culture » est modeste. Ces études concernent souvent le processus technique ou des enquêtes d’acceptabilité par les consommateurs. Concernant les impacts environnementaux, les études sont peu nombreuses et très nuancées ne permettant pas de vérifier en toute transparence les allégations des entreprises du secteur. Les aspects éthiques sont complexes et ne concernent pas que le bien-être animal, mais aussi les relations Homme–animal, le devenir de l’élevage et le futur modèle économique de notre système agroalimentaire. Les considérations religieuses font également l’objet de nombreux débats notamment par les experts des religions juive et musulmane. Les stratégies commerciales des entreprises qui utilisent le vocabulaire du secteur agroalimentaire sont également contestées notamment sur le plan réglementaire. Les résultats des enquêtes auprès des consommateurs sont à interpréter avec prudence, mais soulignent l’importance de nombreux facteurs déterminant la potentielle acceptabilité de la « viande de culture », le prix mais aussi les facteurs culturels étant prépondérants
Quels enjeux associés à l'introduction de « nouvelles espèces fourragères estivales » dans les élevages laitiers sous Indications Géographiques, dans un contexte d'adaptation au changement climatique ? 2 études de cas dans le cadre du projet FESTIG
No full textInternational audienceQuels enjeux associés à l'introduction de « nouvelles espèces fourragères estivales » dans les élevages laitiers sous Indications Géographiques, dans un contexte d'adaptation au changement climatique ? 2 études de cas dans le cadre du projet FESTI
Jardins: attention sols glissants
No full textInternational audienceDans les interstices de la trame bâti, occupant les terrains non constructibles, en pente ou inondables, les jardins individuels et collectifs sont exposés à une forte précarité foncière. Leur maintien peut être fragilisé par la pression urbanistique et les processus de densification. Dans les territoires ruraux, les jardins présentent une diversité de configurations spatiales selon les types d’habitat. Dans les Bauges ou le Chablais, deux types de lieux marquent encore les paysages : ce que l’on appelle les « cortis », des jardins proches des maisons, et les champs produisant notamment des pommes de terre. Terrasses cultivées, perrons et balcons fleuris, dans les moindres interstices des bourgs un besoin de jardins s’exprime. La question est notamment vive dans les projets de réaménagement des centres bourgs, qui intègrent souvent des projets de jardins partagés pour renforcer l’attractivité des logements en mettant à disposition des habitants une parcelle. En périphérie, les parcelles de jardins, sur des terrains plats avec un accès à l’eau, sont les candidates idéales pour l’expansion urbaine. Sont ainsi questionnées la protection dans les règlements d’urbanisme, les baux ou convention d’occupation. Pourtant les jardins et vergers jouent un rôle paysager important, ils peuvent contribuer à la réhabilitation d’espaces qui s’enfrichent à proximité du bâti, participer aux trames vertes. De nombreuses communes portent des projets de jardins ou vergers collectifs, pour les liens sociaux la reconquête d’une autonomie alimentaire. Certaines collectivités territoriales et des Parcs Naturels Régionaux se saisissent de ces enjeux de protection foncière, mobilisent et repensent différents outils pour préserver, valoriser ou réintégrer des espaces de jardins : prise en considération dans les règlements d’urbanisme au titre du patrimoine ou de la biodiversité, OAP (Orientations d’Aménagement et de Programmation). Il demeure néanmoins que les jardins, par leur situation et parce qu’ils sont parfois considérés comme accessoires et non prioritaires, sont souvent sur précaires, ce qui contraste avec l’investissement au long cours que requiert l’entretien du jardin ou plus encore d’un verger. La question de l’accès à l’eau s’affirme aussi de manière de plus en plus saillante avec des droits d’eau obsolètes, précarisés en période de sécheresse, des équipements vétustes. Illustrée de différents exemples en région AURA, la conférence vise à partager les résultats de travaux de recherche-action conduits dans le cadre du projet JARDIN’R et mettre en lumière différentes expérimentations conduites dans les territoires
Restoration Project for a Degraded Urban Ecosystem in Gölbaşı Flats, Ankara. A Precarious Equilibrium
No full textInternational audienceGölbaşı Flats, a wetland located in Ankara (Turkey), has been neglected and mismanaged for decades. Surrounded by human activities encroaching on its area, it has received high amounts of pollution, and its ecosystem is now degraded. Works on a restoration project for the area started in 2023, aiming to radically transform the interactions between the wetland and the city: from an open-access natural resource used primarily as landfill to an area in which both the freshwater ecosystem and human activities can coexist. While this project is presented as an improvement from an ecological viewpoint, it nonetheless attracted criticism from environmentalists who claimed that it gave too much space to recreational activities, lacked a clear management plan and would still be detrimental to the ecosystem. While urban green areas designed around good ecological practices may become essential for maintaining biodiversity in an increasingly urbanized world, this article points to the difficulty of finding a new equilibrium between the artificial and the natural in the densely populated capital city of Ankara, particularly in a middle-income country where post-materialist and environmentalist concerns are not yet dominant
Does transport affect the eating quality potential of beef from Limousin cows in France? - A case study
No full textInternational audienceWe hypothesized that transportation might impact beef sensory quality, particularly as the distance between farms and the slaughterhouse increases. Specifically, we expected that pre-slaughter transport over longer distances would induce stress in the cattle, resulting in elevated ultimate pH and, consequently, reduced beef quality. Thus, this study aimed to specifically study the effects of transport in commercial conditions of Limousin cows from farms located in different areas of France to slaughter on ultimate pH (pHu) measured in the Longissimus thoracis muscle (LT), marbling (two major factors affecting eating quality) and the MSA Index (a global indicator of potential eating quality at the carcass level). Cattle were studied according to distance (<50 km; between 50 and 150 km; and between 150 and 250 km from the slaughterhouse) and according to transport time from the farm to the slaughterhouse (divided into short, moderate, and extended). We found that neither distance nor transport time significantly affected pHu of beef and the other studied parameters (cold carcass weight, meat color, MSA Marbling and MSA Index). Consequently, in our commercial conditions, we concluded that the effects of transport on beef carcasses and beef eating quality of Limousin cows are negligible
Gouverner un territoire d’étangs en déprise par le lancement d’une filière locale de pisciculture extensive : cas d’étude en Isère (France)
No full textInternational audienceThis article analyzes a project aiming to develop extensive fish farming in the Nord-Isère area of France. By reporting on the perceptions of the stakeholders involved in this project and the controversies related to knowledge, we aim to understand how a fish farming project questions the future of this water territory and, more generally, environmental policies. We have conducted a qualitative study based on an analysis of the various stakeholders’ discourses, interviewed between 2022 and 2023 in this territory of ponds. Because of the sectoral logics specific to each type of stakeholder and the weak scientific reference, this fish farming project faces opposition and generates controversies in terms of knowledge. Since the stakeholders position themselves without talking about the same issues, components and parameters of pond landscapes, any productive dialogue to clarify their positions and knowledge frames of reference is impossible. We are proposing a basis for collective discussion on how to think of this fish farming project as a territorial project, in order to deal with the environmental, patrimonial and food issues that will determine its economic and agronomic feasibility and eventual acceptance.Cet article analyse un projet de relance de la pisciculture extensive dans le Nord-Isère en France. En rendant compte de l’opinion des acteurs impliqués par ce projet et de l’état de la controverse par rapport aux enjeux de savoir, nous souhaitons comprendre comment un projet de pisciculture questionne le devenir de ce territoire de l’eau comprenant des centaines d’étangs et, plus généralement, les politiques environnementales. Pour ce faire, nous avons conduit une étude qualitative basée sur une analyse de discours des différents acteurs de ce territoire rencontrés par entretiens réalisés entre 2022 et 2023 sur ce territoire d’étangs. En raison des logiques sectorielles propres à chaque type d’acteurs et de l’absence de référence scientifique commune, ce projet de pisciculture fait face à des oppositions de principe et génère une controverse sur le plan du savoir. Puisque les acteurs se positionnent sans parler des mêmes enjeux, composantes et paramètres des paysages d’étangs, tout dialogue productif permettant de clarifier leurs positions et leur référentiel de savoir est rendu impossible. Nous proposons une base de discussion collective pour penser ce projet de pisciculture en tant que projet de territoire afin de composer avec des enjeux environnementaux, patrimoniaux et alimentaires capables d’appréhender sa faisabilité économique, agronomique et son éventuelle acceptabilité
Drying-out fish ponds as a key agroecological practice to promote ecosystem services?
No full textInternational audienceFish ponds are, in the same time, ecosystems used for extensive fish production, which can contain significant biodiversity with rare, endemic or endangered species, and that can also play a part in climate mitigation. Indeed, fishponds, like aquatic environments as a whole, play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Anthropogenic in origin, their functioning is mainly influenced by management practices. One such practice is drying-out, which consists to drain the pond for an entire production season. This practice aims to rejuvenate the ecosystem and mineralize the organic matter that has accumulated during the production years. However, there is a knowledge gap about its role in terms of ecosystem services (fish production, maintenance of biodiversity and carbon storage).To fil this knowledge gap, we analysed data (fish yields, abundance and diversity of primary producers, carbon storage and emissions) collected on numerous fish ponds in the Dombes region, France, since 2007. Management information, in particular the distance to the last dry-out, was collected from managers.Our results show that the dry out year allowed a recolonization of aquatic plants during the first year with water, with levels of diversity and cover at their highest while the phytoplankton concentration is at its minimum. They are decreasing during the following wet years, in parallel with an increase in algae. The best balance between the two primary producers is reached in the second year, where we can also observe the best fish yields. These high levels of primary producers’ abundance in the early years of the cycle enable good carbon storage through sedimentation. The dry year is marked by high emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4), tending to make ponds sources of carbon over the entire production cycle.By encouraging the development and recolonization of the environment by macrophytes, and also by enabling an optimum unstable state of presence of the two primary producers, drying out appears to be a major agro-ecological practice, in extensive pond fish farming, structuring the functioning of the ecosystem and the services rendered. Nevertheless, drying-out a fishpond represents a major disturbance, marked by significant carbon emissions. These opposing effects will undoubtedly call for a rethinking of the hierarchy of desired ecosystem services
From individual experience to shareable... and shared knowledge: the case of the development of crop-livestock interactions in Aude
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Editorial: Food of the future: meat and dairy alternatives
No full textEditorial MaterialInternational audienceIn recent years, there has been increasing discussion about the impact of our dietary choices not only on our health, but also on global issues such as food security and climate change. Much emphasis has been placed on eating a plant-based diet and avoiding foods of animal origin, with vegetarian options becoming far more abundant across grocery stores and in restaurants. But are we on the right direction? Will meat and dairy alternatives satisfy consumers by living up to their promises? To contribute to this debate, 11 articles have been published in this special issue including 5 on what is called “cultured meat,” 4 on plant-based meat/dairy alternatives, and 2 on “hybrid meat” or other alternatives