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Comment designer une alimentation durable dans les territoires ?
No full textInternational audienceEnsuring a sustainable food supply appears to be a collective challenge that links several territorial functionalities and includes a wide range of stakes: human health, environment and social issues. The food supply of cities hence is analyzed through the prism of territorial design. It crosses two perspectives: (i) the feedbacks from both a researcher and a collective catering operating actor about urban farming projects in Toulouse metropolitan area, set as examples to nourish the workshop’s thoughts, (ii) the collective brainwork of a group of diverse researchers and actors that were gathered for the 2017-Pradel French Agronomists Association Symposium. The four components of territory design allowed us to enlighten the raising synergies: link between operations and territory, sharing of every actor’s outlooks, commitment of everyone and innovations publicity. These are prerequisites to the transition toward a sustainable food supply that relies on the junction between various dynamics. This cross grid drives our thinking for a local food supply from both cities and territories, and opens up a new horizon. Finally, territory design’s answers to territory development matters as far as it raises the unnoticeable users’ endeavors, in their practical dimension and bound to a common wanted and politically-backed future. It is thus a collective learning loop centered on experimentation.L’approvisionnement alimentaire local des villes est analysé au prisme du design territorial, en croisant deux regards : (i) le témoignage d’un chercheur et d’un acteur opérationnel de la restauration collective, sur les projets d’agriculture urbaine de la métropole toulousaine, utilisés comme supports de réflexion et d’illustration et (ii) la réflexion collective d’un groupe de chercheurs et d’acteurs variés réunis au colloque d’agronomie du Pradel-2017. Pour éclairer des synergies dans un cadre mouvant, nous avons cheminé au long des quatre entrées du design territorial : lien au territoire, visions des acteurs, participation et transmission. Cette grille transversale est mise à l’épreuve de l’approvisionnement alimentaire de la ville de Toulouse et d’autres expériences à l’échelle desterritoires
Water demand for electricity in deep decarbonisation scenarios: a multi-model assessment
No full textInternational audienceThis study assesses the effects of deep electricity decarbonisation and shifts in the choice of power plant cooling technologies on global electricity water demand, using a suite of five integrated assessment models. We find that electricity sector decarbonisation results in co-benefits for water resources primarily due to the phase-out of water-intensive coal-based thermoelectric power generation, although these co-benefits vary substantially across decarbonisation scenarios. Wind and solar photovoltaic power represent a win-win option for both climate and water resources, but further expansion of nuclear or fossil- and biomass-fuelled power plants with carbon capture and storage may result in increased pressures on the water environment. Further to these results, the paper provides insights on the most crucial factors of uncertainty with regards to future estimates of water demand. These estimates varied substantially across models in scenarios where the effects of decarbonisation on the electricity mix were less clear-cut. Future thermal and water efficiency improvements of power generation technologies and demand-side energy efficiency improvements were also identified to be important factors of uncertainty. We conclude that in order to ensure positive effects of decarbonisation on water resources, climate policy should be combined with technology-specific energy and/or water policies
Dossiers : Eau en Wallonie et Azote Potentiellement Lessivable (APL)
No full textInternational audienc
Profils de performances et santé des vaches laitières conduites en élevage biologique très autonome dans l'expérimentation-système de Mirecourt de 2004-2015
No full textAffiche session : Reconception des systèmes d'élevageNational audienc
Classification of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) based on chemometric analysis with multivariate approach
No full textInternational audienc
Intercropping strategies of white clover with organic wheat to improve the trade-off between wheat yield, protein content and the provision of ecological services by white clover
No full textNitrogen (N) deficiency and weed infestation are the main factors limiting the yield and quality of organic soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). If forage legumes are associated with wheat, simultaneously or successively, they can help to reduce the impact of limiting factors through the ecological services they provide. The aim of this study was to evaluate two intercropping strategies to increase soft winter wheat yield and protein content and improve the provided ecological services (mainly N provisioning and weed control) by white clover (Trifolitum repens L.). White clover (Thfolium repens L. cv Aberdai) was intercropped with soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Renan) under organic conditions. Two strategies were compared, simultaneous intercropping versus relay intercropping using three field experiments. A control treatment with sole wheat crop was included in the three field experiments. Fertilization management on organic wheat was also tested (0 versus 100 kg N applied at spring time) to evaluate its incidence on cash and cover crop yields and protein content. White clover shoot dry matter (DM) was significantly higher in simultaneous intercropping compared to relay intercropping at wheat harvest (2.2 vs. 0.1 Mg DM ha(-1)) and at cover destruction (4.5 vs. 3.1 Mg DM ha(-1)). Wheat grain yield was not affected by the intercropping strategy while the protein content was significantly lower under simultaneous intercropping system (9.1% of the grain DM) compared to relay intercropping or in wheat as sole crop (10.0% of the grain DM). At cover destruction, both simultaneous and relay intercropped white clover significantly decreased weed shoot DM compared to sole wheat crop (-1.4 Mg DM ha(-1) for relay intercropping and -1.8 Mg DM ha(-1) for simultaneous intercropping). In comparison to relay intercropping strategy, N accumulation in white clover shoot DM was higher under simultaneous intercropping strategy at wheat harvest (52 vs. 2 kg N ha(-1)) and at cover destruction (123 vs. 83 kg N ha(-1)). In conclusion, our study has highlighted the positive effect of combining a simultaneous intercropping strategy with high N availability to guarantee a sufficient level of legume shoot DM as rapidly as possible to increase both N accumulation and weed control services, thus reducing the risk of impairing winter wheat yield and protein content
Le problème public de la biodiversité et ses relations à l’agriculture : histoire longue et médiatisations nationale et régionale entre 1999 et 2017
No full textInternational audienc
Adapted SES framework for AEFS and guidelines for assessing sustainability of agricultural systems
No full textAgroecology in Europe: Research, Education, Collective Action Networks, and Alternative Food Systems
No full textSpecial Issue "Mapping Agroecology in Europe. New Developments and Applications"International audienceAgroecology is considered with different focus and weight in different parts of the world as a social and political movement, as science, and as practice. Despite its multitude of definitions, agroecology has begun in Europe to develop in different regional, national and continental networks of researchers, practitioners, advocates and movements. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview about these different developments and networks. Therefore, this paper attempts to document and provide a mapping of the development of European agroecology in its diverse forms. Through a literature review, interviews, active conference participation, and an extensive internet search we have collected information about the current state and development of agroecology in Europe. Agroecological research and higher education exist more in western and northern Europe, but farm schools and farmer-to-farmer training are also present in other regions. Today a large variety of topics are studied at research institutions. There is an increasing number of bottom-up agroecological initiatives and national or continental networks and movements. Important movements are around food sovereignty, access to land and seeds. Except for France, there are very few concrete policies for agroecology in Europe. Agroecology is increasingly linked to different fields of agri-food systems. This includes Community Supported Agriculture systems, but also agroecological territories, and some examples of labelling products. To amplify agroecology in Europe in the coming years, policy development will be crucial and proponents of agroecology must join forces and work hand-in-hand with the many stakeholders engaged in initiatives to develop more sustainable agriculture and food systems
Are cheese-making properties of dual purpose cattle impaired by highland grazing? A case study using Aosta Red Pied cows
No full textInternational audienceSummer transhumance is often practiced in mountainous farming systems. It includes moving dairy cows from lowland (LO) to highland (HI) pastures during summer. It is known that high genetic merit cows are susceptible to the HI conditions, but it is unclear if this also applies to more adapted, regional cow types. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HI sojourn on cheese-making properties of Aosta Red Pied cows, a dual purpose cattle type. Milk coagulation properties were measured in the milk of 47 cows before and after transhumance. Sources of variation were investigated using linear mixed models, including parity, site, milking time, the interaction parity × site, milking time × site and milking time × parity. Cow was nested within site, and used as subject for repetition, and sampling date was included as repeated factor. Curd-firming time and curd firmness did not vary between LO and HI, whereas rennet coagulation time was prolonged in HI compared to LO in both primiparous (16.4 vs. 18.5 min) and multiparous cows (17.5 vs. 21.1 min, respectively). The percentage of non-coagulating samples was greater in HI (15.0%) compared to LO (8.5%). The lower milk reactivity to rennet addition in HI seems to be mostly related to the simultaneously increasing somatic cell score. Morning and evening milk were similar in coagulation properties. In conclusion, even indigenous dual purpose cows were affected by HI conditions and the experience the multiparous cows had with the transhumance was not helpful either