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Une arboriculture sans produits phytosanitaires de synthèse dans le Pilat, verrouillages et perspectives de transformation
No full textLa revue Innovations agronomiques s'adresse à l'ensemble des acteurs de la chaîne de valeur agronomique, aux services institutionnels, aux chercheurs, enseignants et apprenants et à la société civile intéressés par les sujets de l’agriculture, de l’alimentation et de l’environnement. Elle reprend et complète les thèmes abordés lors des CIAg ainsi que des synthèses de résultats de programmes de recherche sur ces champs thématiques.National audienceA dynamic production of high-quality apples has developed within the Pilat Natural Regional Park thanks to favorable pedoclimatic conditions, the skills of local farmers, but also use of synthetic chemicals. Weconducted a holistic inquiry to identify the sociotechnical lock-ins that explain the difficulty to produce fruit without synthetic chemical inputs. This was done by investigating a diversity of actors involved in Pilatarboriculture. We characterized a sociotechnical system structured around an agricultural cooperative marketing apples to mass-market retail, as well as niche dynamics. These elements, and their interconnections, help us identifying possible sociotechnical transition pathways towards the establishment of arboriculture with a decreasing dependance on synthetic chemical inputs.Une production dynamique de pommes qualitatives s’est développée au sein du Parc Naturel Régional du Pilat grâce aux conditions pédoclimatiques favorables et à l'ingéniosité des producteurs locaux, maiségalement à l'utilisation de produits phytosanitaires de synthèse. Nous avons conduit un diagnostic sociotechnique en enquêtant une diversité d’acteurs de la filière afin d’identifier les processus deverrouillage pouvant expliquer la difficulté des systèmes arboricoles de se passer de produits phytosanitaires de synthèse. Nous avons caractérisé un système sociotechnique organisé autour d’unecoopérative agricole commercialisant des pommes à la grande distribution et au marché de gros, ainsi que des dynamiques de niche. Ces éléments, et leurs interconnections, nous permettent d’identifier depossibles trajectoires de transitions sociotechniques vers une arboriculture sans produits phytosanitaires de synthèse
Co-concevoir avec les citoyens un nouvel élevage laitier de montagne écologique - Quels bilans zootechnique, agronomique et économique tirer après 4 années d’expérimentation système ?
No full textEngineering schoolUn système d’élevage agroécologique expérimental, nommé Marcinelle (28 vaches laitières, 62 ha de SAU), a été mis en place en 2020 sur le site Herbipôle de Marcenat. Ce mémoire avait pour but de réaliser des premiers bilans zootechniques, agronomiques et économiques du système suite aux 4 premières années d’expérimentation. L’allaitement des veaux par leur mère diminue significativement la quantité et les taux du lait trait mais favorise la croissance et la santé des veaux. L’allaitement au moment de la mise à la reproduction semble retarder le retour des chaleurs et parait peu compatible avec des vêlages très groupés autour de la mise à l’herbe. La monotraite permet une amélioration des taux mais provoque une baisse de la quantité de lait trait. Les Holstein ont de moins bonnes performances de reproduction dans ce système 100% herbager et sans concentré. La qualité des fourrages est conforme à ce qui était attendu mais les quantités récoltées ont été impactées par la sécheresse et les campagnols. Le système expérimental, avec ses prix et volumes de vente actuels ne parvient pas à rémunérer 1 UMO au hauteur du SMIC, malgré un faible niveau de charges et un produit viande supérieur aux élevages laitiers classiques. Un tel système serait viable si les produits étaient valorisés sous signes de qualité (AOP, Bio) et vendus en circuit court
Multi-actor strategy to screen lentil landraces for organic agriculture in Lyon metropolitan area
No full textInternational audienc
Ponds and Pondscapes : A technical guide to the use of ponds and pondscapes as nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation and adaptation
No full textInternational audienceThis technical handbook provides practical advice on the protection, management, restoration and creation of ponds and pondscapes to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change. It was created by the EU Horizon 2020 funded project PONDERFUL, which ran from December 2020 to 2024
Governance networks for agroecology transitions in rural Europe
No full textInternational audienceGovernance networks, made of diversified and multidisciplinary actors, have a prominent role in the development and implementation of actions for agri-food system transformation that foster both farm-level and societal change, as in the case of agroecology transitions. This article aims at delivering a typology of governance networks, building on evidence from across Europe. By adopting a governance network theory perspective, a multiple case study is developed through participatory research, by characterising the emerging governance networks from transition actions at different levels in the pathway towards agroecological redesign. Three types of governance networks are identified. Adoption networks develop from early-stage actions in the agroecology transition pathway, to facilitate the shift from conventional to more sustainable farming practices. Positioning networks emerge from actions to create a demand for agroecologically produced food, through the development of marketing strategies and the creation of market channels. Amplification networks are the closest to agroecological redesign, originating from actions structured towards participatory planning and the development and reinforcement of diversity and transdisciplinarity. Advisory services play a key role in all three types, by fostering knowledge diffusion and exchange, as well as by developing trust among farmers and encouraging cooperation, including conflict management. The role of advisory services for agroecology could be strengthened further through targeted policy. Measures to sustain multiactor cooperation have the potential to create these conditions by developing and exploiting synergies between and within value chains, and with other relevant actors, including consumers
Yield Responses to Total Water Input from Irrigation and Rainfall in Six Wheat Cultivars Under Different Climatic Zones in Egypt
No full textInternational audienceIn Egypt, wheat is the most consumed cereal grain, and its availability and affordability are important for social stability. Irrigation plays a vital role in wheat cultivation, despite intense competition for water resources from the River Nile across various societal sectors. To explore how grain and above-ground biomass yields respond to total seasonal water input from sowing to maturity in six bread wheat cultivars, eight field irrigation experiments were performed at four locations representative of three agro-climatic zones in two consecutive cropping seasons. A three-replicate strip-plot design was used with cultivars nested within the main plots featuring five irrigation treatments, ranging from six to two applications. Overall, irrigation treatment significantly affected nine agronomic traits. Compared with the six irrigation applications treatment (T1), the two irrigation applications treatment (T5) decreased the times to heading and maturity by 6.6 (7.3%) and 8.6 (6.3%) days, respectively. Similarly, T5 reduced the plant height by 14.9 cm (14.3%), flag leaf area by 12.0 cm2 (27.2%), number of spikes per square metre by 77.7 (20.1%), number of kernels per spike by 13.9 (25.2%) and thousand grain weight by 10.0 g (19.6%). T5 also decreased the overall mean grain yield and above-ground biomass yield by 2834.9 (32.0%) and 7910.4 (32.86%) kg/ha, respectively. The grain yield and above-ground biomass production were consistently greater for all six cultivars at Al Mataenah and Sids than at Nubaria and Ismailia in the two cropping seasons. All six cultivars showed significantly greater responses to total seasonal water input for the grain yield and above-ground biomass at Al Mataenah and Ismailia. These results emphasise the necessity for choosing regions with favourable soil and climatic conditions to grow wheat cultivars that respond better to irrigation to enhance the large-scale production of wheat in Egypt. The grain and above-ground biomass yields were mostly linearly and positively associated with the total seasonal water input for all six cultivars at all four locations. This suggests that maintaining the current irrigation schedule of six irrigations is valid and should be practised to maximise productivity, particularly in areas similar to the three representative agro-climatic zones in Egypt
Des plantes de services pour favoriser la fertilité des sols, la régulation du climat et du cycle de l'eau
No full textInternational audienceLes sols occupent une place essentielle dans le fonctionnement de la biosphère terrestre. Ils jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la production primaire de biomassepour la plupart des écosystèmes. Ils sont une combinaison complexe d'éléments minéraux, de matières organiques plus ou moins stables et de biomasse vivante. Ce systèmefournit eau et nutriments pour la croissance des plantes et autres organismes supérieurs. Il est de ce point de vue le support de la production agricole, ce qui renvoie à lanotion de fertilité de sols
Effects of light quality and quantity on tillering dynamics and investment in reproduction of the perennial grain crop Thinopyrum intermedium
No full textInternational audienc
Climate silence: a comparative study of governmental and non-governmental messaging on soil health in Wisconsin, USA
No full textInternational audienceSoils are the foundation of healthy ecosystems, and promoting soil health is a primary aim of agricultural strategies intended to sequester carbon and combat climate change. In this exploratory study, we conducted a qualitative content analysis to characterize soil health messaging from 10 governmental and 10 non-governmental sources targeting Wisconsin farmers. Data were collected through internet searches, focusing on accessible web content from governmental agencies, public universities, and local offices, as well as prominent industry, nonprofit, and advocacy groups within the agricultural sector. A coding framework, developed through an iterative and inductive approach, identified six primary categories and 37 sub-categories representing key themes in soil health messaging. The study compared messaging across source types by analyzing code term frequency, highlighting differences in content emphasis between governmental and non-governmental sources. Findings indicate that governmental messaging largely advocates for conservation agriculture and associated principles but does not reference climate change nor connections between soil health and broader environmental issues. In contrast, non-governmental messaging offers a wider array of information while drawing connections among soil health, organic agriculture, ecosystem health, and climate change. The omission of climate change by governmental sources may be a significant constraint on soil health discourse and climate action
Policies and practices impacting the implementation of nature-based solutions: a comparative study of ponds and pondscapes in eight countries
No full textInternational audienceNature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly suggested to address biodiversity decline and climate change. However, many ecosystems are hardly used as NBS, including ponds and pondscapes. We therefore examine how policies and practices affect their implementation as NBS. Using a content analysis of policy documents and stakeholder inputs, we assess the policy context in eight countries but also zoom in on policies and practices in seventeen pondscapes. We derive three key insights: first, a protective status for a pond or pondscape interlinks with other enabling factors for NBS implementation, and protection and conservation should therefore be considered more often as NBS. Second, there is a shortage of, especially long-term, financing. Third, local leadership should be nurtured to overcome a lack of institutional cooperation and stakeholder awareness as well as fragmented land ownership. Beyond that, we show that implementation barriers interlink and interventions should therefore address several barriers simultaneously