Portail HAL de l'Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale
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Rencontre des règles de DIP et de droit transitoire : illustration monégasque: À propos de Cour de révision de Monaco, 25 mars 2025, n° 2023-42
No full textInternational audienc
Unexpected diversity and ecological significance of uncultivable large virus-like particles in aquatic environments
No full textInternational audienceThe discovery of jumbo phages and giant viruses of microeukaryotes has transformed our perception of the virosphere. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data further highlight their diversity and ecological impact. Nevertheless, sequence-based approaches fail to take into account the morphological diversity of non-cultivated viruses, resulting in our fragmented understanding of their nature and role in the environment. Here, we combined flow cytometry and electron microscopy to uncover both previously unsuspected morphological diversity and significant abundances of large virus-like particles in aquatic environments. We discovered new viral morphotypes, all likely to be associated with microeukaryotes. We also obtained insights into the multi-year dynamics of the abundances of both giant microeukaryotic virus-like particles and jumbo phage-like particles. This work deepens our understanding of large virus and reveals their key role as regulators of microbial communities
Judas le Galiléen : l’homme et sa place dans l’histoire du judaïsme ancien
No full textInternational audienc
Alginate versus Chitosan for Templating Growth and Shaping HKUST‐1 as Porous CO2‐Adsorbent Beads
No full textInternational audienceThis study aims at elucidating the role of the polysaccharide skeleton (alginate versus chitosan) during the growth and shaping of HKUST‐1 as porous beads. Although the two biopolymers afford an open porous hydrogel network, the freeze‐drying step was crucial with water medium being inappropriate to preserve the crystalline framework of HKUST‐1. Alternatively, drying in ethanol circumvented this drawback by keeping intact the structure of HKUST‐1. However, a contrasting behavior was observed in the resulting polysaccharide@HKUST‐1 beads, as HKUST‐1 grown in alginate underwent a dramatic collapse, whereas self‐standing, open porous microspheres could be obtained using the chitosan templating route. The resulting chitosan@HKUST‐1 cryogel displays an enhanced CO2 capture (2.67 mmol.g−1) compared to its analogs shaped by alginate, making consequently chitosan a better option for structuring MOF‐based adsorbents
La disponibilité physique ou virtuelle au travail
No full textInternational audienceEmployers dream of always having their entire staff at their workstations. In truth, this desirable availability isn't always physical or tangible. Availability can indeed be virtual, as are on-call and teleworking. Regarding on-site presence at the company (or administrative) site, one or more human, technical, or electronic means must be used to ensure this. Moreover, a person who appears to be present isn't necessarily operational. Sometimes, they use work time to rest, play, or attend to their own business.L’employeur rêve de toujours avoir son personnel au complet aux postes de travail. En vérité, cette souhaitable disponibilité n’est pas toujours physique, concrète. La disponibilité peut en effet être virtuelle, comme le sont l’astreinte et le télétravail. S’agissant d’ailleurs de la présence sur le site de l’entreprise (ou de l’administration) pour s’en assurer, il convient d’utiliser un ou plusieurs moyens humains, techniques ou électroniques. Du reste, une personne apparemment présente n’est pas forcément opérationnelle. Car il arrive parfois qu’elle utilise le temps de travail pour se reposer, pour jouer, ou pour vaquer à ses propres occupations
L’obstacle matériel ou moral à la présence physique
No full textInternational audienceL’absentéiste au poste de travail prévu est rarement un fantaisiste ou un arrogant qui chercherait à embarrasser son employeur. En effet, son défaut d’assiduité peut s’expliquer par deux façons principales. D’une part, il se trouve confronté au dilemme entre aller au travail et rester chez soi pour s’occuper d’un proche. D’autre part, un obstacle matériel qui entraverait la circulation peut justifier son absence. Circulation ; obstacle ; maladie ; dilemme ; proche aidant
An ecosystem modelling approach to assess potential impacts of offshore wind farms
No full textInternational audienceOffshore wind energy is in great expansion around the world. Considerable gaps in scientific knowledge on ecological impacts of offshore wind farms (OWFs), including the lack of standardized operational tools to conduct cumulative impact assessment, could lead to delays in the consent process. Ecosystem models are useful tools for cumulative impact assessments because they consider various ecosystem components and their interactions, and therefore are able to provide integrative evaluations. In this study, we improved an existing individual-based ecosystem model (OSMOSE), aiming to assess the cumulative effects of OWFs on various biological groups and fishing activities in the Eastern English Channel (EEC). This work presents substantial technical developments on the existing OSMOSE model application, enhancing its capability to evaluate OWF effects. Technical model improvements included new species, a better representation of the fishing process, prey field forcing updates to include climate change projections, and inter-annual calibration over the period 2002–2021. These developments were essential for improving the depiction of OWFs cumulative impacts, encompassing effects from underwater noise emission, sediment resuspension, and fishing access restriction. We simulated the EEC ecosystem during construction and operational phases under a factorial plan combining OWFs deployment and fishing regulation scenarios. At the scale of the entire EEC ecosystem, total fish biomass and catch were slightly reduced under all scenarios. The most significant biomass declines were observed for cuttlefish, herring, and red mullet, primarily driven by changes in predation and fishing pressure, especially during the construction phase. However, at the local scale (model grid resolution), these changes appear to be OWF-specific, as no consistent spatial patterns in fish biomass were observed across OWFs deployment sites. The differences among scenarios suggest a trade-off between energy production, fishery resource exploitation, and environmental protection goals. The most probable OWF spatial deployment scenario that balanced on regulatory and socio-economic considerations also represented a balance of ecological factors
Impact of Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils on the lipidome of Heterbasidion annosum, the causal agent of root rot in conifers
No full textInternational audienc
Operads and bialgebras of multi-indices, and Novikov algebras
No full textNoncommutative multi-indices are noncommutative monomials in a -indexed family of indeterminates. We define on them a -graded operadic structure, with the help of a shifting derivation. Multi-indices of degree 0 are called populated: they form a suboperad, isomorphic to the operad of Novikov algebras. This operadic structure, and the relation between pre-Lie and Novikov algebras, induces two bialgebraic structure in cointeraction on commutative multi-indices. We show how to combinatorially embed this double bialgebra into the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees, with its two coproducts based, firstly on cuts, secondly, on contraction of edges, and how this embedding can be characterized by a Dyson-Schwinger equation. We also study the unique polynomial invariant compatible with the two bialgebraic structures on multi-indices and use to describe the antipode for the first coproduct
Frontal and parietal planning signals encode adapted motor commands when learning to control a brain-computer interface
No full textInternational audiencePerturbing visual feedback is a powerful tool for studying visuomotor adaptation. However, unperturbed proprioceptive signals in common paradigms inherently co-varies with physical movements and causes incongruency with the visual input. This can create challenges when interpreting underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. We employed a brain–computer interface (BCI) in rhesus monkeys to investigate spatial encoding in frontal and parietal areas during a 3D visuomotor rotation task where only visual feedback was movement-contingent. We found that both brain regions better reflected the adapted motor commands than the perturbed visual feedback during movement preparation and execution. This adaptive response was observed in both local and remote neurons, even when they did not directly contribute to the BCI input signals. The transfer of adaptive changes in planning activity to corresponding movement corrections was stronger in the frontal than in the parietal cortex. Our results suggest an integrated large-scale visuomotor adaptation mechanism in a motor-reference frame spanning across frontoparietal cortices