Portail HAL de l'Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale
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La désertion d’amphis par étudiants et professeurs
No full textInternational audienceÀ tous les niveaux l’école prépare les jeunes à devenir de bons citoyens et de bons travailleurs. L’assiduité est l’une des vertus qu’il leur convient de maîtriser, puisque l’absentéisme injustifié est considéré comme une faute. Malheureusement, beaucoup de structures de formation souffrent d’un absentéisme chronique de leurs élèves, étudiants et stagiaires. Ils invoquent diverses raisons pour justifier leur défaillance. Le problème est qu’il arrive que les professeurs eux-mêmes manquant à leur devoir d’être présents. Ici encore, des explications plus ou moins acceptables sont invoquées
Les jetons de présence de membres d’institutions collégiales
No full textInternational audienceHistoriquement, les jetons de présence relevaient d’une volonté d’encouragement des associés et/ou des administrateurs à participer aux assemblées et/ou aux conseils d’administration. Mais cette logique normalement indemnitaire aura progressivement été remplacée par la cupidité et l’inégalité. Cela étant, quelle nature juridique reconnaitre aux sommes versées aux membres des structures collégiales ? Cet article examine ces divers points
Real-time gas phase monitoring of regulated emissions from a waste recovery center by terahertz rotational spectroscopy
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Atmospheric emissions from waste recovery centers are strictly regulated by industrial emission directives which stipulate that they should be continuously monitored. In this work, we demonstrate and evaluate the capacity of terahertz rotational spectroscopy for real-time diagnosis and monitoring of gases of environmental interest on industrial sites. A spectrometer based on the use of a frequency multiplication chain operating at 530–620 GHz has been constructed, enabling the detection of most of the regulated compounds in waste incineration. The detection limits obtained are compatible with regulatory emission limit values. The installation of the instrument at the waste recovery center in Dunkirk demonstrated its ability to perform real-time quantitative multi-component in situ monitoring in an industrial environment. Continuous measurements of SO 2 and CO over more than 24 h are compared with the measurements performed by two certified infrared instruments. The agreement between the three sets of measurements is excellent, demonstrating that high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy is relevant for real-time in situ monitoring of regulated industrial emissions gases, constituting an interesting alternative to other techniques thanks to a higher degree of selectivity
Could enzymatic and ultrasonic degumming homogenize the flax fibers quality ?
No full textInternational audiencePlant fibers, such as flax, are gaining popularity for a range of industrial applications. To fully exploit their potential, these fibers cannot be used directly after their extraction from the plant but must be processed. For this purpose, a wide range of conventional treatments (hackling, alkaline degumming, silanization, etc.) as well as research into unconventional treatments (using enzymes, ultrasound, etc.) aim to expand the application fields. These processes generally target fiber diameter, surface finish, or mechanical properties. However, given the natural variability between and within harvests, obtaining homogeneous fiber quality is essential for their use on a larger scale. Here, we have therefore focused on the ability of enzymatic and ultrasonic degumming treatments to reduce the heterogeneity of fibers from a single industrial bale, according to different characteristics that are of interest for their end uses, such as diameter and mechanical properties
Influence of Preparation Method for CuAl Mixed Oxide Issued from LDH for Total Oxidation of VOC
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L'impossibilité de devenir tous des entrepreneurs
No full textInternational audienceFrench public authorities facilitate business creation thanks to a specific legal framework, an enviable context, and infrastructure. The reason is that the individual enrichment likely to result is likely to contribute to funding the public treasury and social security. What does this sought-after enrichment consist of, and is it worth the effort? Perhaps we should consider salaries, dividends, contributions, taxes, and duties. Moreover, the simple concern of reducing mass unemployment leads to convincing each job seeker to revise their career plans for employment or civil service in favor of an employer-sponsored activity; even as a self-employed entrepreneur. However, not everyone has the business instinct. Moreover, a possible entrepreneurial appetite is not always enough. Because many French people do not yet have, or no longer have, the right to direct, administer, or manage businesses. In what cases, or why? The reader will find the answer to this question (and other related ones) in the chapter below, which first recalls the facilities offered to potential business creators.Les autorités publiques françaises facilitent la création d’entreprises grâce à un cadre juridique spécifique, un contexte et des infrastructures enviables. La raison est que l’enrichissement individuel susceptible de s’ensuivre est susceptible de contribuer à alimenter le Trésor public et la Sécurité sociale. En quoi consiste l’enrichissement ainsi recherché, et cette recherche vaut-elle la peine ? Peut-être faut-il songer aux salaires, aux dividendes, aux cotisations, aux impôts et aux taxes. Du reste, le simple souci de résorption du chômage de masse conduit à convaincre chacun des demandeurs d’emploi à réviser son projet professionnel de salariat ou de fonctionnariat, au profit d’une activité patronale ; serait-ce comme auto-entrepreneur. Néanmoins, tout le monde n’a pas la fibre des affaires. D’ailleurs l’éventuelle appétence entrepreneuriale ne suffit pas toujours. Car beaucoup de Français n’ont pas encore ou bien n’ont plus le droit de diriger, d’administrer ou de gérer des entreprises. Dans quels cas de figure ou pourquoi ? Le lecteur trouvera la réponse à cette question (et à d’autres connexes) dans le chapitre ci-dessous, lequel rappelle d’abord les facilités offertes aux potentiels créateurs d’entreprises
The cell surface-associated rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide represents the receptor of Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophage P738
No full textInternational audienceStreptococcus thermophilus is a key lactic acid bacterial species extensively used in dairy fermentations, where bacteriophage (phage) infections pose a significant threat to production efficiency. While the cell surface receptors for four of the five currently known streptococcal phage genera have previously been identified, the specific host-encoded receptor for the P738 phage group has not been elucidated to date. In this study, P738 bacteriophage-insensitive mutants of S. thermophilus UCCSt50 were isolated, and whole-genome sequencing revealed mutations in a glycosyltransferase-encoding gene within the rgp locus, responsible for the biosynthesis of the cell wall-associated r hamnose- g lucose p olysaccharide (RGP). Compositional and methylation analysis demonstrated that loss of a terminal rhamnose residue from the RGP side chain underpinned the observed resistance to P738 binding and infection. Fluorescent binding assays validated the biological functionality of the predicted receptor binding protein of P738, confirming the critical role of the RGP side chain in phage adsorption. These findings reveal a strict requirement for a complete tetrasaccharide side chain structure for P738 binding, contrasting with the less stringent requirements observed for the Brussowvirus SW13. This work offers valuable insights to guide the development of phage-robust starter cultures through knowledge-based strain selection and rotation strategies, thereby supporting more sustainable and reliable dairy fermentation processes. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most extensively applied members of the lactic acid bacteria, being extensively used as a bacterial starter culture in the production of fermented foods, including cheeses and yogurt. Bacteriophage infections present a significant threat to industrial dairy fermentations, which can lead to substandard production processes and product quality. Understanding phage-host interactions, which commence with the recognition and binding of a given bacteriophage to a particular host-encoded, cell surface-associated receptor, is essential for developing strategies to minimize phage-related risks in dairy fermentations. This study identifies the specific cell surface polysaccharide structure produced by Streptococcus thermophilus as the receptor required for infection by phage P738, bridging a key knowledge gap in phage-host interactions in this important industrial bacterial species. By elucidating how phage P738 recognizes and binds to its host, this work offers valuable information to aid strain selection and the development of phage-robust starter cultures
Comité RSE et performance sociétale des enntreprises : quelle influence ont les modèles de capitalisme ?
No full textInternational audienceOur study examines the impact of CSR committees on corporate social performance (CSP) and the moderating effect of capitalism models on this relationship. Using an international sample of 2,066 firm-year observations from 2011 to 2018 across 13 countries, the study employs a multi-theoretical approach combining neo-institutional theory, stakeholder theory, and resource dependence theory. CSP is measured using two approaches: process-based (Wood, 1991) and stakeholder-based (Clarkson, 1995). Our results show that CSR committees significantly improve CSP, with a more pronounced effect in coordinated market economies (CMEs) than in liberal market economies (LMEs). This study highlights the importance of institutional factors in the effectiveness of voluntary governance mechanisms and offers implications for regulators and actors in various national contexts.Notre étude examine l’impact des comités RSE sur la performance sociale des entreprises (PSE), ainsi que l’effet modérateur des modèles de capitalisme sur cette relation. En mobilisant un échantillon international de 2 066 observations "entreprise-année" entre 2011 et 2018, couvrant 13 pays, l’étude adopte une approche pluraliste combinant la théorie néo-institutionnelle, la théorie des parties prenantes et la théorie de la dépendance aux ressources. La PSE est évaluée selon une double approche fondée sur les processus (Wood, 1991) et les parties prenantes (Clarkson, 1995). Nos résultats montrent que les comités RSE améliorent significativement la PSE, avec un effet plus prononcé dans les économies de marché coordonnées (CMEs) que dans les économies de marché libérales (LMEs). Cette étude met en lumière l’importance des facteurs institutionnels dans l’efficacité des mécanismes volontaires de gouvernance et offre des implications pour les régulateurs et les acteurs dans divers contextes nationaux
Dramatherapy in an adapted school: what identity boxes reveal
No full textInternational audienceBackground Dramatherapy is increasingly used in special education contexts to support young people facing academic, emotional, and social challenges. In France, Regional Institutions for Adapted Education (EREA—Etablissement Régional d'Enseignement Adapté) serve vulnerable adolescents, often stigmatized and marginalized in mainstream schooling. This study explores the use of identity boxes as both a research method and a therapeutic tool in such a context. Aims The study investigates how identity boxes, integrated into a dramatherapy program, can foster emotional expression, self-reflection, and improved peer relationships among students in an adapted education setting. Methods Conducted as part of a research project, the intervention involved ten dramatherapy workshops led by a certified dramatherapist and conducted with two groups of final- and penultimate-year students. A control group, who did not take part in the workshops, nonetheless participated in two sessions dedicated to the construction of identity boxes, delivered as part of their visual arts classes. The study adopted an ethnographic approach, combining participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and the analysis of identity boxes and the associated narratives. Results Students in the dramatherapy group demonstrated enhanced emotional introspection, more positive peer interactions, and a stronger sense of Self, while the control group showed fewer developments. The identity boxes served both as expressive objects and as reflective instruments, offering deep insights into students' evolving self-perception and experiences of inclusion. Conclusions This study highlights the value of combining dramatherapy and creative visual methods in special educational settings. It underscores the importance of arts-based interventions in fostering emotional wellbeing and inclusion for students with disabilities and social difficulties, suggesting future applications in similar institutional contexts
L’urbex, une expérience recréative du patrimoine industriel délaissé
No full textInternational audienceWho does not remember, in childhood or later, going on an adventure to the haunted house, oldworkshop, or military bunker close to home ? The contemporary form of this activity is urban exploration(urbex), where the main field is industrial remains. It is the source of a recreative experienceof industrial heritage in its historical and archaeological, artistic and aesthetic dimensions, as wellas a vertiginous adventure. Urbex questions the functional and symbolic uses and values of derelictindustrial sites, repositioning them at the centre of the socio-corporal dynamics of individual, group,and heritage construction.Qui n’a pas souvenir, dans son enfance ou après, de partir à l’aventure dans la maison hantée,l’ancien atelier ou le bunker militaire proche de chez soi ? La forme contemporaine de cette activitéest l’exploration urbaine (urbex) avec pour terrain majeur les vestiges industriels. Elle estsource d’une expérience recréative du patrimoine industriel à travers ses dimensions historiqueet archéologique, artistique et esthétique, ainsi que d’aventure vertigineuse. L’urbex remet enquestion les usages et les valeurs fonctionnels et symboliques des sites industriels délaisséset les repositionne au centre de dynamiques socio-corporelles de construction de l’individu, dugroupe et du patrimoine