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ClayPhys: Towards Toolkits that Support Making Expressive Data Physicalization
No full textInternational audienceExisting toolkits for data physicalization prioritize ease of use and adoption by novices. This is often achieved by limiting the affordances of the materials used and constraining design possibilities. The result is limited opportunities for creating expressive physicalizations. To address this limitation and to better understand how to support the creation process of expressive physicalizations, we created ClayPhys, a low-fidelity data physicalization toolkit designed to encourage making expressive data physicalizations. Our toolkit consists of clay, clay work tools, instruction and documentation handbooks, and warm-up activities that scaffold the design process. We studied the use of ClayPhys in a one-day workshop with nine expert participants. From our analysis of participants' created data physicalizations, we observed that using ClayPhys, participants could map data to different visual and physical variables, and that their designs incorporated various data interaction styles. Informed by our findings, we discuss implications for designing higher-fidelity expressive data physicalization toolkits
Rejecting Arguments Based on Doubt in Structured Bipolar Argumentation
No full textInternational audienceThis paper develops a new approach to computational argumentation that is informed by philosophical and linguistic views. Namely, it takes into account two ideas that have received little attention in the literature on computational argumentation: First, an agent may rationally reject an argument based on mere doubt, thus not all arguments they could defend must be accepted; and, second, that it is sometimes more natural to think in terms of which individual sentences or claims an agent accepts in a debate, rather than which arguments. In order to incorporate these two ideas into a computational approach, we first define the notion of structured bipolar argumentation frameworks (SBAFs), where arguments consist of sentences and we have both an attack and a support relation between them. Then, we provide semantics for SBAFs with two features: (1) Unlike with completeness-based semantics, our semantics do not force agents to accept all defended arguments. (2) In addition to argument extensions, which give acceptable sets of arguments, we also provide semantics for language extensions that specify acceptable sets of sentences. These semantics represent reasonable positions an agent might have in a debate. Our semantics lie between the admissible and complete semantics of abstract argumentation. Further, our approach can be used to provide a new perspective on existing approaches. For instance, we can specify the conditions under which an agent can ignore support between arguments (i.e. under which the use of abstract argumentation is warranted) and we show that deductive support semantics is a special case of our approach
Single Particle ICP-MS Characterization of Magnetoliposomes: Toward a Measurement of Number Distribution of Encapsulated Magnetic Nanoparticles
No full textInternational audienceMagnetoliposomes (MLs) are very pertinent candidates for biomedical applications. They can be used as drug delivery vectors, but also as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Their characterization in terms..
Estimation basée sur la forêt aléatoire de la mesure d'analyse de sensibilité globale orientée quantile
No full textThis thesis is devoted to the estimation and application of Quantile-Oriented Sensitivity Analysis (QOSA) measures, including the first-order QOSA indices, the total QOSA indices, and the Quantile-Oriented Shapley Effects (QOSE) indices, which provide a natural and interpretable extension when input variables are dependent. Compared with variance-based measures, QOSA indices are both more robust and more informative, as they capture distributional features beyond variance. Our first contribution is the development of a new quantile-oriented random forest, which achieves performance comparable to other state-of-the-art random forest approaches for quantile regression. Building on this tool, we integrate the projected algorithm to estimate conditional quantiles given a subset of inputs. This enables the estimation of QOSA indices through a straightforward plug-in procedure. We establish consistency results for the conditional quantile estimators and three type QOSA indices. The final part of the thesis focuses on the application of QOSE in meteorology. We demonstrate that QOSE indices can effectively identify and rank the most influential input variables, thereby offering practical guidance for model simplification and for allocating computational resources more efficiently.Cette thèse est consacrée à l'estimation et à l'application des mesures d'analyse de sensibilité orientée quantile (QOSA), incluant les indices QOSA de premier ordre, les indices QOSA totaux et les indices d'effets Shapley orientés quantile (QOSE). Ces mesures offrent une extension naturelle et interprétable lorsque les variables d'entrée sont dépendantes. Comparés aux mesures basées sur la variance, les indices QOSA sont à la fois plus robustes et plus informatifs, car ils capturent les caractéristiques distributionnelles au-delà de la variance. Notre première contribution est le développement d'une nouvelle forêt aléatoire orientée quantile, dont les performances sont comparables à celles des autres approches de pointe en matière de régression quantile. En nous appuyant sur cet outil, nous intégrons l'algorithme projeté pour estimer les quantiles conditionnels à partir d'un sous-ensemble d'entrées. Ceci permet l'estimation des indices QOSA grâce à une procédure simple de plug-in. Nous établissons des résultats de consistance pour les estimateurs de quantiles conditionnels et trois indices QOSA de type. La dernière partie de la thèse porte sur l'application de la QOSE en météorologie. Nous démontrons que les indices QOSE peuvent identifier et classer efficacement les variables d’entrée les plus influentes, offrant ainsi des conseils pratiques pour la simplification des modèles et pour l’allocation plus efficace des ressources de calcul
Vers la maîtrise et l'exploitation des non-linéarités en dynamique des structures
No full textLes exigences industrielles en termes de sécurité, de réduction des coûts et d'augmentation des performances poussent concepteurs, fabricants et opérateurs à créer des équipements technologiques de plus en plus avancés dans lesquels les non-linéarités sont désormais courantes. Dans ce contexte, la compréhension et la maîtrise des effets non linéaires dus aux matériaux, aux liaisons ou aux contacts, aux grands déplacements, aux couplages multi-physiques constituent une problématique importante.Les modèles non linéaires qui en résultent peuvent présenter des comportements dynamiques complexes avec des caractéristiques spécifiques telles que des solutions multiples pour un jeu donné de paramètres du système, des sauts d'amplitude ou de fréquence, des solutions isolées, des interactions modales, des changements qualitatifs de régime dynamique (doublements de période, quasi-périodicité, chaos), une localisation de l'énergie vibratoire, …Cependant, pour un modèle donné, l'étude systématique de tous ces phénomènes et de leur possible apparition est généralement hors de portée en raison du grand nombre de paramètres à prendre en compte et des ressources informatiques disponibles, surtout quand de nombreux degrés de libertés sont en jeu. Une compréhension globale de la dynamique du modèle peut néanmoins être envisagée par le calcul des solutions périodiques, des courbes de réponse forcée et des bifurcations associées.C'est ce constat qui a initié les travaux de recherche présentés ici et réalisés au sein de l'équipe Dynamique et Contrôle des Structures du LaMCoS à partir de 2008. Ces travaux s’articulent selon la progression suivante : •Prédire les comportements dynamiques complexes ;•Révéler et maîtriser les phénomènes non linéaires indésirables ;•Optimiser le comportement dynamique ;•Exploiter les phénomènes non linéaires plutôt que les subir.avec pour domaines d’applications les capteurs résonants M/NEMS, les absorbeurs de vibrations, les couplages multi-physiques et la dynamique des machines tournantes.Si la continuation des courbes de réponse en fréquence et des backbone curves peut désormais être considérée comme un outil classique en dynamique non linéaire, la localisation et le suivi des bifurcations sont encore une affaire d'experts. Le calcul des bifurcations est toutefois essentiel car elles interviennent dans la majorité des phénomènes non linéaires abordés dans mes recherches et leur classification détermine la dangerosité des effets indésirables associés. Les applications traitées montrent que le suivi des bifurcations est un outil très puissant pour définir la dynamique d'ensemble d'un système dynamique, pour trouver les jeux de paramètres qui éliminent les effets indésirables, ou encore pour optimiser les performances. Enfin, c'est l'analyse des bifurcations qui permet de mettre au point des stratégies exploitant avantageusement les phénomènes non linéaires afin d’améliorer les performances des systèmes considérés
Séquencer les opérations d'un entrepôt automatisé pour réduire sa consommation d'énergie
No full textInternational audienceSéquencer les opérations d'un entrepôt automatisé pour réduire sa consommation d'énergi
Existence and Regularity of Minimizers for a Plateau Approximation Problem
No full textIn this paper, we study the functional introduced by the author in collaboration with Bonnivard, Bretin, and Lemenant, which is designed to approximate Plateau’s problem. We establish the existence of a minimizer and prove its Hölder regularity. Our results may be viewed as a generalization to higher-dimensional surfaces of the one-dimensional work of Bonnivard, Lemenant, and Millot on the approximation of the Steiner problem
Dual-arm motion-compensated single-pixel imaging
No full textSingle-pixel imaging offers a cost-effective strategy for high-resolution imaging over a wide range of electromagnetic frequencies, but suffers from motion artifacts due to its sequential acquisition process. In this work, we propose a new framework for dynamic single-pixel imaging that is particularly suited for hyperspectral imaging. First, we introduce a hybrid dual-arm device combining a hyperspectral single-pixel camera and a conventional imaging arm, which allows accurate motion estimation during acquisition. We then reformulate the reconstruction problem by compensating for motion, thereby reducing the dynamic problem to a static reconstruction task over an extended field of view. Two different discretizations -warping either the illumination patterns or the image to be reconstructed are proposed, along with an in-depth analysis of their tradeoffs. Through extensive numerical simulations and real-world experiments, we demonstrate that warping the image rather than the patterns leads to superior reconstruction quality. In addition, extending the field of view beyond that of the single-pixel camera significantly mitigates model mismatch and improves image fidelity. The proposed method achieves low computational cost while maintaining theoretical rigor, providing a practical and robust solution for dynamic single-pixel imaging. Open-source implementations are provided to facilitate reproducibility and future research.</div
GATE 10 Monte Carlo particle transport simulation: II. Architecture and innovations
No full textInternational audienceOver the past years, we have developed GATE version 10, a major re-implementation of the long-standing Geant4-based Monte Carlo application for particle and radiation transport simulation in medical physics. This release introduces many new features and significant improvements, most notably a Python-based user interface replacing the legacy static input files. The new functionality of GATE version 10 is described in the part 1 companion paper (Sarrutet al2025 arXiv:2507.09842). The development brought significant challenges. In this paper, we present the solutions that we have developed to overcome these challenges. In particular, we present a modular design that robustly manages the core components of a simulation: particle sources, geometry, physics processes, and data acquisition. The architecture consists of integrated C++ and Python codes. This framework allows for the precise, time-aware generation of primary particles, a critical requirement for accurately modeling positron emission tomography, radionuclide therapies, or prompt-gamma timing systems. We present how GATE 10 handles complex Geant4 physics settings while exposing a simple interface to the user. Furthermore, we describe the methodological solutions that facilitate the seamless integration of advanced physics models and variance reduction techniques. The architecture supports sophisticated scoring of physical quantities (such as Linear Energy Transfer and Relative Biological Effectiveness) and is designed for multithreaded execution. The new user interface allows researchers to script complex simulation workflows and directly couple external tools, such as artificial intelligence models for source generation or detector response. By detailing these architectural innovations, we demonstrate how GATE 10 provides a more powerful and flexible tool for research and innovation in medical physics. This paper is not intended to be a developer guide. Its purpose is to share with the research community in-depth explanations of our development effort that made the new GATE 10 possible