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No full textInternational audienceFrance formally reformed its Constitution. The revision, adopted on March 8, 2024, aimed at protecting the right to abortion. Entrenched in the provision about the legislator’s competence, the reform is paradoxical: solemn in substance, but very unsolemn in the way it was drafted and adopted.I. IntroductionWe concluded last year’s report with a sense of optimism: a formal constitutional reform had already taken place by the time we submitted the2023 edition. This constitutional reform is not simply the first we can finally write about, it is also the first since 2008, when the Constitutionof 1958 was greatly amended. It is also likely to be the last for a couple years, considering how 2024 went. [...]II. Proposed, failed, and successful constitutional reformsA. Abortion rightsB. New caledonia’s electorateC. Post-dissolution proposition of reformsIII. the scope of reforms and constitutional control -- A. Abortion rights-- -- 1. The process of the constitutional reform-- -- 2. The wording and the meaning of the constitutional reform-- -- 3. The lack of symbolism of a symbolic reform -- B. New caledonia’s electorate -- C. Post-dissolution propositions of reformIV. Looking aheadV. Further reading</b
Syntheses of new cyclodextrin-derivatives using Artificial Intelligence
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"Appearances Versus Reality: The Biblical Notion of Faith Explored in the Fictional Works of George MacDonald, C.S. Lewis, and J.K. Rowling"
No full textInternational audienceBelieving without seeing is an essential component of Biblical faith. On the other hand, as a literary genre centred on the imagination, fantasy highlights the unreliability of appearances. Fantasy writers George MacDonald, C.S. Lewis and J.K. Rowling also identify as Christians. It is therefore not surprising that there are similarities in the way they illustrate the notion of faith in their works of fiction.Croire sans voir est une composante essentielle de la foi biblique. Par ailleurs, la fantasy, en tant que genre littéraire centré sur l’imagination, met en exergue le manque de fiabilité des apparences. Les auteurs de fantasy George MacDonald, C.S. Lewis et J.K. Rowling se considèrent également comme des chrétiens. Il n’est donc pas surprenant qu’on note des similitudes dans la manière dont ils illustrent la notion de foi dans leurs œuvres de fiction
Characteristics and outcomes of ICU patients with sepsis transmitted by cats and dogs: the PETSEPSIS multicentre retrospective observational cohort study
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundMillions of households have cats or dogs as pets, and infections due to bites or scratches are increasing, with the most common pathogens being Pasteurella spp., Bartonella spp., Capnocytophaga spp, and Francisella tularensis. The objective of this study was to describe patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for infection transmitted by cats or dogs, as well as their outcomes.MethodsThe retrospective multicentre observational cohort study PETSEPSIS included consecutive adults admitted to 46 ICUs in France between 2009 and 2019 for sepsis due to cat or dog bites and/or caused by any of the four above-listed bacteria. We described their features and outcomes and performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with death.ResultsWe included 174 patients with a median age of 64 [50–74] years; 58.1% were male. The median SAPS II score was 42 [28–58]. Mechanical ventilation was required in 51.2% of patients, for a median duration of 7 [4–13] days. Vasopressor support was used in 53.5%, renal replacement therapy in 19%, and limb amputation in 3.6% of the patients. The median ICU length of stay was 7 [4–16] days. Hospital mortality was 24.1%. The clinical presentation and severity of sepsis were similar across bacteria, although patients with Pasteurella spp. were older and had more comorbidities. Contact with cats were more often reported for Pasteurella spp. and Bartonella spp. infections and contact with dogs for Capnocytophaga spp. infections. Risk factors for hospital mortality present on ICU admission were older age, smoking, preexisting liver disease, high serum creatinine, and anaemia. Neither the type of micro-organism nor the initial antimicrobial treatment was associated with mortality.ConclusionsThis large multicentre study shows that infections transmitted by cats and dogs are infrequent reasons for ICU admission but are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Mortality was associated with older age and comorbidities but not with the type of microorganism or initial antibiotic treatment
Une exploration des motivations d'achat des consommateurs vis-à-vis des produits d'occasion en contexte subsaharien : quels enseignements dans une perspective d'économie circulaire ?
No full textInternational audienceThe main objective of this research is to explore consumer motivations for purchasing second-hand products in an urban Cameroonian context. Using a qualitative exploratory approach with semi-structured interviews of 40 consumers, the study highlights a range of purchasing motivations that go beyond strictly economic considerations. The results reveal that second-hand purchases are also motivated by environmental, identity, experiential, and sociocultural factors, often intertwined with survival and social valorization strategies. Additionally, the quality and reliability of second-hand products, often sought in informal markets, strongly influence consumer choices. Face-to-face interactions remain preferred for second-hand purchases despite the rise of digital platforms and social networks. In the specific context of Cameroon, purchasing motivations are also influenced by an ecological consciousness mixed with pragmatic and socio-economic considerations. The sub-Saharan context thus provides insight into how consumer practices adapt to local realities while reflecting global dynamics. This research enriches marketing literature by offering a deep understanding of the dynamics of second-hand product purchases in this region.L'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'explorer les motivations des consommateurs pour l'achat de produits d'occasion dans un contexte urbain camerounais. En mobilisant une approche qualitative exploratoire à partir d'entretiens semi-directifs avec 40 consommateurs, l'étude met en évidence une pluralité de motivations d'achat qui dépasse les considérations strictement économiques. Les résultats révèlent que les achats de seconde main sont également motivés par des facteurs environnementaux, identitaires, expérientiels et socioculturels, souvent imbriqués dans des logiques de survie et de valorisation sociale. De plus, la qualité et la fiabilité des produits d'occasion, souvent recherchées dans les marchés informels, influencent fortement les choix des consommateurs. Les échanges en face à face restent privilégiés dans l'achat de seconde main malgré l'essor des plateformes numériques et les réseaux sociaux. Dans le contexte spécifique du Cameroun, les motivations d'achat sont également influencées par une conscience écologique mêlée à des considérations pragmatiques et socio-économiques. Le contexte subsaharien permet ainsi de saisir comment les pratiques de consommation s'adaptent aux réalités locales tout en reflétant des dynamiques globales. Cette recherche enrichit la littérature marketing en offrant une compréhension approfondie des dynamiques d'achat de produits d'occasion dans cette région
Concours national 2025 de la sous-section 48-01 du CNU Santé « Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire » : portraits et parcours d’une promotion riche en talents et en ambitions
No full textInternational audienceThe National Council of Universities (CNU) for Health, under the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, annually conducts competitive examinations to appoint associate professors (MCU-PH) and full professors (PU-PH) in medicine. In 2025, subsection 48-01 “Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Perioperative Medicine” (ACCPM) evaluated 15 candidates (3 MCU-PH, 12 PU-PH) through a rigorous process. The selection includes an on-site visit by two appointed reviewers—assessing integration within the institution, scientific and educational contributions, and leadership, followed by a two-stage audition: presentation of the candidate's career and academic project, and an interactive discussion with the CNU panel. On the day of the examination, candidates also deliver a 20-minute teaching session and submit a previously prepared Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) station. The 2025 cohort reflects the breadth of ACCPM expertise: specialized anesthesia, surgical and general intensive care, perioperative medicine, and multidisciplinary leadership. Research themes span hemodynamic optimization, personalized cardiovascular medicine, prevention of organ dysfunction, translational and clinical neurosciences, high-fidelity simulation, allergo-anesthesia, trauma care, transplantation, pulmonary ischemia–reperfusion, sepsis immunology, and applications of artificial intelligence in critical care. These profiles also demonstrate a commitment to innovation in medical education, ethical practice, sustainable healthcare, and integrated care pathways. Collectively, they highlight the scientific vitality and strategic vision of ACCPM in France, an inherently interdisciplinary field dedicated to improving patient outcomes, advancing research, and training the next generation of perioperative and critical care specialists.Chaque année, le Conseil national des universités (CNU Santé) organise, sur instruction du ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, les concours de mise sur liste d’aptitude aux fonctions de maîtres de conférences et professeurs des universités – praticiens hospitaliers (MCU-PH, PU-PH). En 2025, la sous-section 48-01 « Anesthésiologie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire » (ARMPO) a auditionné quinze candidats (3 MCU-PH, 12 PU-PH). Le concours est précédé d’une visite sur site par deux rapporteurs désignés, qui évaluent l’intégration au sein de l’établissement, les aptitudes scientifiques, pédagogiques et dans la conduite d’équipe du candidat. Le jour du concours, l’audition se déroule en deux étapes : présentation du parcours et du projet hospitalo-universitaire du candidat, puis échange avec le jury du CNU. Une épreuve de pédagogie (leçon de 20 minutes) et la rédaction préalable d’une station d’Examen clinique objectif structuré (ECOS) complètent l’évaluation. La promotion 2025 illustre la diversité et la richesse des profils : anesthésie spécialisée, réanimation chirurgicale et polyvalente, innovations pédagogiques, recherche translationnelle, intelligence artificielle, éthique clinique, organisation des soins et développement durable. Les projets couvrent des thématiques variées : optimisation hémodynamique, médecine personnalisée cardiovasculaire, prévention des dysfonctions d’organes, soins périopératoires intégrés, simulation haute-fidélité, neurosciences, allergo-anesthésie, traumatologie, transplantation, ischémie-reperfusion pulmonaire, immunologie du sepsis. À travers la présentation de ces parcours, la sous-section 48-01 témoigne de la vitalité scientifique, pédagogique et hospitalière de l’ARMPO en France, discipline à l’interface de multiples expertises et résolument tournée vers l’innovation, la collaboration interdisciplinaire et la formation des générations futures
2025 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease disease Developed by the task force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)
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Improvement of piezocatalytic performance of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 perovskite using K doping for efficient Rhodamine B degradation
No full textInternational audiencePiezocatalysis, based on the piezoelectric properties of catalysts, breaks down the barrier between mechanical energy and chemical energy. It describes the use of charges induced by piezoelectricity to assist typical chemical processes while harvesting various forms of mechanical green energy. The performance of piezocatalysis is predominantly governed by the piezoelectric properties of materials. The main aim of this work is to evaluate and analyze the potential of potassium-doped sodium bismuth titanate Na0.5-xKxBi0.5TiO3 abbreviated as NKxBT (x = 0, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25), as a piezocatalyst in the degradation of the organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) under ultrasonic vibration. The synthesis of NKxBT nanopowders was conducted using the sol-gel autocombustion method. Coupled structural analysis reveals the presence of an intermediate Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB; where two phases coexist) in the optimal NK15BT composition. The piezocatalytic degradation results showed a total piezo-degradation in only 90 min and a rate constant 8 times higher than the undoped NK0BT. The enhanced piezocatalytic activity results from a synergistic effect of MPB presence, reduced particle size, optimal bandgap and high lattice strain. The NK15BT sample also demonstrated good reusability and good mineralization.</p
Défense et illustration de la condition de paria à l’époque romantique: Compte rendu de: Philippe Delorme, Éthique et esthétique du paria, de l'origine du mot à son épiphanie romantique (1673-1873), Paris : Honoré Champion, coll. « Romantisme et modernités », 2024, 522 p, EAN 9782745361042.
No full textInternational audienceIn this publication of his PhD dissertation, Philippe Delorme clarifies the Indian origins of the word paria in French and when it first appeared in this language, especially in a literary text. He recalls that India was a subject of great interest during this period of huge change (1791-1873). He points to a body of works which show a shift, to define a pariah as being marginalised and exposed to “great suffering” (p. 142). Philippe Delorme’s conclusion is quite bold because it contradicts Paul Bénichou’s assimilation to the second period of French Romanticism as a school of disillusion. For Delorme, the pariah exemplifies the possibility of reaching one’s ideal through beauty. He can touch and question the readers by his unusual position, referring to recent ethical studies in literature. Despite these many useful points, the author could have read his corpus more carefully, paying more attention to the singularity of each text and to the social conditions it denounces. His book should also have been more nuanced and cautious in its attempts of synthesis and use of theoretical resources.Dans cet ouvrage conséquent tiré de sa thèse, Philippe Delorme fait une mise au point nécessaire sur les origines indiennes du mot paria en français, sur ses premières apparitions dans cette langue, y compris dans une œuvre littéraire. Il détermine un corpus manifestant le glissement du terme à son sens figuré, qui l’associe à la marginalité et à des « souffrances extrêmes » (p. 142). Philippe Delorme replace cette série d’œuvres dans le contexte de l’indianisme et des bouleversements de l’époque. Il aboutit à la conclusion forte d’une figure qui renverse l’idée promulguée par Pierre Bénichou d’un désenchantement du romantisme de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, et qui met en avant la façon dont le romantisme « professe la réhabilitation de l’esthétique dans sa fonction transcendante, du Beau comme voie privilégiée d’accès à l’Absolu, à l’Idéal », dépassement qu’illustrerait le paria de façon exemplaire. Philippe Delorme questionne enfin les ressorts de la portée éthique de cette figure chez les lecteurs. Malgré les nombreux apports de l’étude, on attendrait cependant plus de rigueur dans la lecture du corpus, plus d’écoute de la singularité des textes et des conditions sociales qu’ils dénoncent, plus de prudence et de nuance dans les tentatives de synthèse et d’application des théories critiques
WHEN COMMUNITIES FACE MALNUTRITION: HOW CONTEXT SHAPES THE FACTORS RELATED TO RELEVANT HEALTH ADVICE IN NEPAL
No full textInternational audienceWhile programmes to combat malnutrition and to lower barriers to healthcare have been developed, some children with severe acute malnutrition do not benefit at the level necessary for their condition. In this context, community health advice could help caregivers provide the required support for their children. This paper argues that community psychology is well-situated to address the issue of malnutrition. To do this, we present the results from a questionnaire survey which study looked at this issue in Nepal, with the aim of examining which factors are associated with relevant health advice from community members. The data was collected through a questionnaire measuring individual variables (beliefs, emotions) and contextual variables (perceived emotions by community members, level of wealth, access to communication, beliefs in traditional healing by the female community health volunteer) carried out in two distinct Nepalese districts: Saptari and Nuwakot. The results indicate that factors related to health advice differed in the two districts, and the role of access to communication was even the opposite. The best predictors were not found at an individual level, but at a contextual level (e.g. perceived emotions by community members, access to communication, etc.). These findings suggest that malnutrition would be better tackled by acting at a more global level, i.e. targeting representations associated to malnutrition and circulating at the national and community level and empowering communities. Thus, community psychology might offer a refreshed and relevant way to approach malnutrition.</div