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Sustainable Psychological Contracts : A Pathway for Addressing Precarious Employment
No full textInternational audienceThe nature of work has changed significantly over the last several decades. Employment in the traditional sense is moving from office buildings to a gig economy characterized by increasing forms of precarious employment, such as self-employment, algorithmic management, platform work, and insecure temporary employment. Although these changes have brought benefits in terms of increased work flexibility for employees and employers, they have also made work more insecure, isolating, and demanding, essentially changing the nature of the traditional employee-employer relationship. In this chapter, we first outline how work has become more precarious and how this impacts employee wellbeing. We then discuss the notion of sustainable human resource management and how its key principles can help mitigate and minimize the negative effects of precarious work. Next, we suggest how these principles can be embedded into a new type of psychological contract, namely, a sustainable and high-quality psychological contract, and discuss how organizations and employees can create, maintain, and repair said psychological contracts. Building on this, we introduce some guiding principles that organizations can use to implement sustainable and high-quality psychological contracts as a way to alleviate or prevent precarious employment conditions.The nature of work has changed significantly over the last several decades. Employment in the traditional sense is moving from office buildings to a gig economy characterized by increasing forms of precarious employment, such as self-employment, algorithmic management, platform work, and insecure temporary employment. Although these changes have brought benefits in terms of increased work flexibility for employees and employers, they have also made work more insecure, isolating, and demanding, essentially changing the nature of the traditional employee-employer relationship. In this chapter, we first outline how work has become more precarious and how this impacts employee wellbeing. We then discuss the notion of sustainable human resource management and how its key principles can help mitigate and minimize the negative effects of precarious work. Next, we suggest how these principles can be embedded into a new type of psychological contract, namely, a sustainable and high-quality psychological contract, and discuss how organizations and employees can create, maintain, and repair said psychological contracts. Building on this, we introduce some guiding principles that organizations can use to implement sustainable and high-quality psychological contracts as a way to alleviate or prevent precarious employment conditions
Social Mobilization Barriers and Levers The History of Codetermination in France and Germany
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MIP-based heuristics for combinatorial design of reconfigurable rotary transfer machines for production of multiple parts
No full textInternational audienceThis paper deals with a problem of the optimal configuration of a rotary transfer machine with turrets for machining multiple parts. This is a hard combinatorial optimization problem appearing at the preliminary machine design stage. Such machines are multi-positional, i.e. parts are sequentially machined on several working positions. At each working position, several machining modules (spindle heads) can be installed to process the tasks assigned to this position. Machining modules are activated sequentially or simultaneously. Sequential activation is realized by the use of turrets. Simultaneous activation is possible if machining modules are related to the different sides of the part, and if they can work in parallel. There are horizontal and vertical spindle heads, and turrets to access different sides of the parts on a working position. At the preliminary design stage, the following decisions must be made: the choice of orientations of the parts on the rotary table; the partitioning of the given set of tasks into positions and their assignment to machining modules (selection or design of machining modules to use), and the choice of cutting modes for each spindle head and turret. The objective is to minimize the total cost of equipment used. The number of possible solutions for this combinatorial design problem increases exponentially with the number of part types to be produced, and this represents a computational burden for decision-makers (usually process engineers). In this paper, in order to help decision makers deal efficiently with the manufacturing of multiple batches of parts, we develop a powerful heuristic framework which can be used in real life industrial cases. We test the developed methodology on the real-life cases provided by one of our industrial partners and demonstrate its efficiency. The proposed model and algorithms allow to minimize the cost of designed machines
An integrated two-layer network design model for an Interconnected Public and Freight Transportation System
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The Role of Context for Theory Development: Evidence From Entrepreneurship Research on Russia
No full textInternational audienceTo better understand the role of context for theory development in entrepreneurship, we build a theoretical framework which captures four aspects of the “theory to context” and “context to theory” interplay. We use the results from a literature review of entrepreneurship research on Russia published in leading journals over the past 30-year period to test our framework and show how contextualization enhances theoretical development in the entrepreneurship field and how context theorizing leads to the development of new theories. We propose ideas for the development of indigenous theory of Russian entrepreneurship based on the specificity of history and geography
Investing in resources: An interaction model of personal resources, commitment, and work achievement
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Management practice commonly assumes that the value of a workgoal dictates the nature of motivation processes. We investigate instead how individuals invest resources from the perspective of their own value system. Drawing from Conservation of Resources theory, we explore the valuation process by testing a reciprocal model between work-goal attainment, goal commitment, and personal resources, including self-efficacy, optimism, and subjective well-being. Method: Data were collected in a two-wave longitudinal study among sales professionals (n = 793) from France (F), Pakistan (P), and the United States (U). Results: Multi-group cross-lagged path analysis confirmed the reciprocal model across all three countries. Time 1 resources and goal commitment predicted work goal attainment (F = 0.24; P = 0.37; U = 0.39) and (F = 0.31; P = 0.40; U = 0.36) respectively. T1 level of goal attainment also fuelled T2 resources and goal commitment (F = 0.30; P = 0.29; U = 0.34) and (F = 0.33; P = 0.32; U = 0.29). Conclusions: Our reciprocal findings suggest a revised approach on the nature of targets and goals. They indicate an alternative to linear path modeling, as the role of goal commitment is not necessarily that of an intermediary stage linking antecedent resources to attainment purposes. Furthermore, cultural values play a differentiating role in the goal-attainment process
Dynamic pooled capacity deployment for urban parcel logistics
No full textInternational audienceLast-mile logistics is regarded as an essential yet highly expensive component of parcel logistics. In dense urban environments, this is partially caused by inherent inefficiencies due to traffic congestion and the disparity and accessibility of customer locations. In parcel logistics, access hubs are facilities supporting relay-based last-mile activities by offering temporary storage locations enabling the decoupling of last-mile activities from the rest of the urban distribution chain. This paper focuses on a novel tactical problem: the dynamic deployment of pooled storage capacity modules in an urban parcel network. It formulates the problem as a two-stage stochastic optimization model with recourse, and incorporates the synchronization of underlying operations through continuum approximation-based travel time estimations. It also develops a solution approach based on a rolling horizon algorithm with lookahead, sample average approximation and Benders decomposition enhanced by acceleration methods, able to solve large scale instances of a real-sized megacity. Numerical results, inspired by the case of a large parcel express carrier, are provided to evaluate the computational performance of the proposed approach and suggest up to last-mile cost savings and capacity savings compared to a static capacity deployment strategy
Cut Them Loose? Firms’ Response Strategies to Environmental Misconduct by Supplying Firms
No full textInternational audienceFirms are increasingly held accountable for their suppliers’ environmental misconduct and often face significant stakeholder pressure to respond or even end their affiliations with misbehaving suppliers. Despite the importance of the subject, we know little about antecedents to supplier exclusion. In this article, we build on the assumption of stakeholder expectations being a core mechanism—and adopt an expectancy-violation theory lens. Drawing also on complementary insights into signaling theory, we argue that the severity of the misconduct affects the decision to cut ties. Furthermore, we argue that the engagement in environmental partnerships of client firms as well as suppliers moderates this relationship. To test our hypotheses, we use a unique sample of 434 client firm–supplier dyads, including 27 focal firms pressured by Greenpeace to remove “dirty” palm oil suppliers, accused of illegal deforestation. The study’s findings provide contributions to several literature streams related to inter-organizational dynamics and environmental sustainability