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Impacts des digestats issus de matières organiques émergentes sur les communautés bactériennes des sols et des phyllosphères en écosystèmes prairiaux
No full textInternational audienceImpacts des digestats issus de matières organiques émergentes sur les communautés bactériennes des sols et des phyllosphères en écosystèmes prairiaux 'estimer la contribution des communautés bactériennes des biofertilisants à celles des sols et des phyllosphère</div
An autosomal recessive nonsense variant in the EGFR gene induces perinatal lethality in “Blonde d'Aquitaine” calves
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Six cases of perinatal lethality associated with phenotypes consistent across cases, short and brush-haired appearance, alopecia and erythematous areas on the limbs and facial protuberances, excess skin all-over the body, have recently occurred in the "Blonde d'Aquitaine" cattle breed in South-Western France, suggesting the emergence of a recessive genetic anomaly.Results:Genetic analysis identified a nonsense variant in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, XP_002696936:p.Trp898Ter, as likely responsible for this anomaly and a bull born in 1967 as one ancestor that contributed to the spread of this allele in the breed. Functional studies on affected calves and cross-species comparisons of the phenotypes associated with such a variant were consistent with the results of the genetic study.Conclusion: A recessive nonsense EGFR variant was identified as being responsible for perinatal lethality in the "Blonde d'Aquitaine" cattle breed. It enabled the introduction of a screening test for this allele, which should lead to the progressive eradication of this genetic flaw
Repositionnement de l’immunoblot VHC dans une stratégie très ciblée lors du dépistage
No full textInternational audienceScreening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection relies on detecting total anti-HCV antibodies through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed on a single serum sample. However, in population with low seroprevalence, this one-step approach may lack specificity, leading to false-positive results. A low ELISA ratio combined with negative viremia can raise concerns about either a resolved infection or a non-specific result. The aim of our study was to assess the added value of HCV immunoblot testing in clarifying the serological status of patients without known risk factors for infection when a low ELISA ratio and no detectable viremia is retrieved. We retrospectively reviewed the risk factors of 176 non-viremic individuals with low-positive HCV screening results. An immunoblot was performed on samples from 50 individuals with no documented risk factors for HCV infection. The majority of immunoblot tests (36/50) were negative, while a smaller proportion were indeterminate (8/50) or positive (6/50), including cases with very low ratios close to 1. When used selectively, the HCV immunoblot can resolve ambiguities sometimes generated by the enzyme immunoassay.Le dépistage de l’infection par le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) repose sur la détection des anticorps totaux anti-VHC par technique immunoenzymatique, réalisée sur prélèvement sérique unique depuis la modification de la NABM. Cette stratégie en une étape peut manquer de spécificité au sein des populations de faible séroprévalence et engendrer des résultats faussement positifs. Un faible ratio ELISA associé à une virémie négative peut en effet faire douter entre infection guérie et résultat non spécifique. Le but de notre étude est d’évaluer l’apport de l’immunoblot VHC dans la redéfinition du statut sérologique de patients sans facteur de risque d’infection, dépistés avec un ratio ELISA faible en l’absence de virémie. Les facteurs de risque de 176 individus dépistés faiblement positifs (ratio S/Co < 5) pour le VHC et non virémiques ont été recherchés rétrospectivement. Un immunoblot a été réalisé sur les échantillons de 50 individus sans facteur de risque documenté pour une infection par le VHC.La majorité des immunoblots (36/50) étaient négatifs alors qu’une faible proportion était respectivement indéterminée (8/50) et positive (6/50), y compris pour des ratios très faibles proches de 1. Ces résultats soulignent l’apport non négligeable qu’aurait l’immunoblot VHC comme test de confirmation lors du dépistage dans des situations ciblées, en permettant de lever l’ambiguïté parfois générée par le test immunoenzymatique
Root phenolics as potential drivers of preformed defenses and reduced disease susceptibility in a paradigm bread wheat mixture
No full textInternational audiencePlant-plant interactions modulate foliar disease susceptibility in intraspecific mixtures. However, the molecular events including signals and responses underlying the reduction in disease susceptibility remain largely unexplored. Here, we developed an experimental system that can abolish root-mediated interactions between plants in a model of bread wheat varietal mixture. We then performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to uncover the molecular responses linked to decreased susceptibility to Septoria tritici blotch in plant-plant interactions. Our analysis revealed that disrupting root chemical interactions impaired the reduction in susceptibility to Septoria and identified phenolic compounds as potential key mediators. The plant-plant interactions under study triggered significant molecular changes in specialized metabolism, biotic interactions, transporters, and responses to resources. Disrupting root interactions canceled both the macroscopic and molecular responses, thus providing a strong link between them. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of plant-plant interactions and the processes involved in reducing disease susceptibility in intraspecific mixtures
Modelling pest control and vector-borne disease spread to explore landscape and agricultural management strategies: the SimBAL agent-based model
No full text1. As the urgency to transition to sustainable agricultural systems grows, tools are required to support stakeholders, including farmers and advisors, in designing agricultural landscapes that strengthen ecosystem services. Landscape management is key to support natural pest control, allowing to reduce pesticide use. But the contextspecific nature of trophic interactions induces that, in practice, it is hardly feasible to test different changes in landscapes that are conducive to pest control and that guarantee it sufficiently to dispense with pesticide use. An alternative is to explore in silico the large-scale deployment of management options to help stakeholders, including policy makers, make choices and gain confidence in landscape management and selecting priorities. 2. We developed a spatially explicit modelling tool which has a general scope, and which is currently developed for the case of aphid dynamics in agricultural landscapes according to spatio-temporal host plant availability and natural enemy predation. The epidemiological consequences on the transmission of beet yellowing virus are considered. The availability of host plants for the aphid depends on farming practices (crop diversity, sowing and spraying dates, implementation of semi-natural features). The aim here is to limit this availability at population level and, in particular, to break the space-time continuities leading to massive colonisation of sugar beet. This logic is reversed for predation by natural enemies, with the aim of fostering resources and shelter continuity to promote their abundance and aphid control potential within the landscape. 3. An analysis of the model behavior, a sensitivity analysis and a calibration of the model were carried out. Sim-BAL outputs are consistent with current knowledge on aphid and infection dynamics. The model is able to represent inter-annual variability in sugar beet infection rates in the fields, and to discriminate landscapes that are suppressive towards aphids. 4. SimBAL was developed with the aim of exploring and comparing landscape scenarios to foster natural pest control, rather than being a precise predictive tool. The model can be used to test landscape scenarios based on the expressed priorities of stakeholders, and therefore favors transparency in decision-making. It is a solid tool for collective action in the management of territorial issues
The domain adaptation problem in photometric redshift estimation: A solution applied to the HSC Survey
No full textInternational audienceThe multiband HSC-CLAUDS survey comprises several sky regions with varying observing conditions, only one of which, the COSMOS Ultra Deep Field (UDF), offers extensive redshift coverage. We aim to exploit a complete sample of labeled galaxies from the COSMOS UDF at i<25 (złesssim 5) to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) and infer more accurate photometric redshifts in the other regions than those currently available from SED-fitting methods. To address the severe domain mismatch problem that we observed when applying the trained CNN to regions other than the COSMOS UDF, we developed an unsupervised adversarial domain adaptation network that we grafted onto the CNN. The method was validated by three tests: the predicted redshifts were compared to the spectroscopic redshifts that are available for limited samples of mostly bright galaxies; the predicted redshift distributions of the entire galaxy population of a given field in several intervals of magnitude were compared to those of the COSMOS UDF, assumed to be representative; and the redshifts predicted for a sample of galaxies selected by narrow-band filter observations sensitive to OII emitters at z emission line galaxies. were compared to those of confirmed OII The results show successful domain adaptation: the network is able to transfer its redshift classification capability learned from the COSMOS UDF to other regions of HSC-CLAUDS. Accuracy varies depending on magnitude and redshift, following that of the labels we used, but far exceeds that of currently available photometric redshifts. The catalogs of CNN redshifts we inferred for the XMM, DEEP2, and ELAIS fields and for the remaining COSMOS region (∼ 4 million sources in total at i<25) are made public
Transition 1point5, the platform for French academic research laboratories engaged in their environmental transition
No full textThis article presents an analysis, quantitative and qualitative, of the actions shared by French laboratories on the Transition 1point5 platform. This is an open-source web application, developed by the French research group Labos 1point5, that allows volunteer French laboratories to share the measures -the actions-they have taken to reduce their environmental footprint. We present the analysis of the 274 actions shared by 69 laboratories on the platform on 11 June 2025, addressing the following questions. What measures are research laboratories implementing to adopt sustainable practices? Is there a single transition path that applies to all laboratories? What role do awareness-raising initiatives play in this process? Can participatory workshops add value to the transition process? Have laboratories undergoing transition effectively reduced their GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions?The main result of this study is that, rather than a single transition pathway, the platform's laboratories employ various approaches depending on their specific characteristics. These approaches share common features, such as the use of awareness-raising activities, the creation of working groups dedicated to environmental issues, and increasingly participatory workshops to discuss and implement transition actions. Another key finding is that it is too early to measure the effectiveness of the implemented measures in terms laboratories' GHG (greenhouse gas) reductions, since most of the laboratories only implemented their actions in 2024 or early 2025.Nevertheless, the platform provides valuable insights into how research laboratories are engaging in the transition, revealing organizational processes and demonstrating that another way to do research is explored.Cet article présente une analyse quantitative et qualitative des actions partagées par les laboratoires français sur la plateforme Transition 1point5. Il s'agit d'une application web open source, développée par le GDR Labos 1point5, qui permet aux laboratoires français volontaires de partager les mesures - les actions- qu'ils ont prises pour réduire leur empreinte environnementale. Nous présentons l'analyse des 274 actions partagées par 69 laboratoires sur la plateforme au 11 juin 2025, en abordant les questions suivantes. Quelles mesures les laboratoires de recherche mettent-ils en œuvre pour adopter des pratiques durables ? Existe-t-il une trajectoire de transition unique qui s'applique à tous les laboratoires ? Quel rôle jouent les initiatives de sensibilisation dans ce processus ? Les ateliers participatifs peuvent-ils apporter une valeur ajoutée au processus de transition ? Les laboratoires en transition ont-ils effectivement réduit leurs émissions de GES (gaz à effet de serre) ?Le principal résultat de cette étude est que, plutôt qu'une trajectoire de transition unique, les laboratoires de la plateforme emploient diverses approches en fonction de leurs caractéristiques spécifiques. Ces approches partagent des caractéristiques communes, telles que le recours à des activités de sensibilisation, la création de groupes de travail dédiés aux questions environnementales et des ateliers participatifs pour discuter et mettre en œuvre des actions de transition.Une autre conclusion importante est qu'il est trop tôt pour mesurer l'efficacité des mesures mises en œuvre en termes de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) des laboratoires, car la plupart d'entre eux n'ont mis en œuvre leurs actions qu'en 2024 ou au début de 2025.Néanmoins, la plateforme fournit des informations importantes sur la manière dont les laboratoires de recherche s'engagent dans la transition, en révélant les processus organisationnels et en démontrant qu'une autre façon de mener des recherches est explorée
Use of non‐destructive methods to differentiate cocoa beans based on variety and fermentation level
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Theobroma cocoa is a cash crop found in all cocoa‐producing countries. In the Republic of Congo, there are three main varieties: Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario. Determining cocoa bean quality (i.e. fermentation level) is an important production and trade issue. This study aimed to (i) determine whether the variety and geographical origin of whole fermented dried cocoa beans could be distinguished using Raman spectrometry, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), and near‐infrared spectrometry (NIRS) and (ii) assess whether these non‐destructive methods could characterize bean fermentation level. The latter was determined using the cut test and the fermentation index. Results The main peaks of the Raman, HSI, and NIR spectra were associated with chemical compounds and groups when possible. Bean variety could be distinguished (accuracy = 98.2%, 91.4%, and 80.2% for Raman, HSI, and NIRS, respectively) as could bean geographical origin (accuracy = 99.4%, 97.3%, and 97.1% for Raman, HSI, and NIRS, respectively). All three methods yielded very good predictions of actual fermentation levels, determined using the cut test (accuracy: 97%); the most effective methods were HSI followed by Raman spectroscopy. All three methods could also yield very good predictions of fermentation index values using models containing a selection of 9–12 spectral bands (Raman: R 2 = 0.92, HSI: R 2 = 0.99, and NIRS: R 2 = 0.997; model errors < 0.04). Conclusion These non‐destructive methods are thus demonstrably effective and versatile and could be used by industry to assess cocoa bean quality, and even authenticate beans, if a wider database is built. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact4Soil : A science-based platform integrating knowledge, data and networks for the soil carbon community
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616681/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): 101059863;ORCaSa;(EU) Operationalising the International Research Cooperation on Soil Carbon//International audienceThis decade, soil has been prominently at the heart of global challenges, from food security and climate change mitigation (e.g. 4 per 1000 Initiative), to biodiversity conservation and desertification control. Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a major role in addressing these challenges through its contribution to a number of ecosystem services. This renewed interest has generated a growing demand for robust data and actionable knowledge on SOC, urging scientists to deliver clear answers to complex issues like SOC management. Sustainable management of SOC stocks is contingent on multiple interacting factors. Consequently, determining the effectiveness of specific agronomic or forestry practices for increasing SOC stocks in a variety of soil and climate contexts remains a challenge. Science-based online platforms are powerful tools to mobilize scientific data and knowledge to inform decisions. Indeed, among the most common barriers to environmental evidence use in decision-making are the accessibility of the evidence and the time required to find and read evidence. Besides, scientific evidence (i.e. data and knowledge) might help decision-makers to manage risks, due to uncertainty or biased information, for complex environmental challenges like SOC management. However, while online platforms offer a promising avenue for disseminating SOC knowledge, the current landscape is characterized by a proliferation of independent initiatives and research projects, often with overlapping objectives and target audiences. To address this fragmentation of knowledge on SOC, improve the implementation of research into policy and practice, and share knowledge among researchers, policymakers, funding agencies, companies and NGOs, we designed the science-based online platform Impact4Soil (www.impact4soil.com). In this paper, our aim is twofold: 1) to describe the methodology implemented to design Impact4Soil 2) to raise awareness among the soil scientific community on the importance of the continuum between evidence production and science-based decision. Additionally, this is also an invitation for soil scientists to use and contribute to the improvement of Impact4Soil