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Préventif, curatif et durabilité : repenser l'équilibre global en agriculture
No full textAccompagner l’évolution des systèmes agricoles vers une moindre dépendance aux produits phytopharmaceutiques en se concentrant sur les méthodes préventives et sur les évaluations élargies des pratiques de protection des cultures et en les appréciant à travers leur durabilité. Dans ce numéro, nous abordons la conception d’outils et de stratégies de prévention, le développement de méthodes de lutte non chimique contre différents ravageurs et pathogènes, ainsi que l’évaluation, la définition d’indicateurs, la diffusion et la structuration de pratiques, depuis l’échelle de la parcelle jusqu’à celle des territoires et des filières. Ces projets ont été financés dans le cadre des appels à projets Ecophyto Recherche & Innovation lancés en 2019 : - Les approches globales pour limiter l’utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques - Durabilité des systèmes de productions agricoles alternatifs évitant ou limitant l’utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques"National audienc
Comparison of soil property predictions in Lithuanian croplands using UAV, satellite, EMI data and machine learning
No full textInternational audienceCombining remote and proximal sensing provides a cost-effective solution for mapping soil properties in croplands. This study assessed the potential of remote sensing based on high resolution multispectral UAV imagery (2.6 cm), satellite (Sentinel-2), and in-field measured electromagnetic induction (EMI) data for predicting six soil properties − soil organic carbon content (SOC), clay, sand, silt contents, pH, and soil water content (SWC) − across five Lithuanian agroclimatic zones. Seven modelling scenarios, using individual and combined sources of sensor data, employing a random forest model, were evaluated. To assess real-world applicability, sampling-reduction simulation were additionally performed. SOC and clay predictions achieved the highest accuracy, while silt, sand, and SWC showed acceptable accuracy only in a few sites or specific modelling scenarios. Soil pH predictions were poor across all scenarios. Prediction accuracy varied across study sites, likely influenced by climate, soil parent material, topography, and agricultural management. Sensor data resolutions (2.6 cm, 1.6 m, 10 m per pixel) significantly affected prediction accuracy. For SOC predictions, UAV and Sentinel-2 data performed best, while EMI alone was less effective. In contrast, for clay predictions, EMI data yielded the highest accuracy, emphasizing its role for soil texture assessment. Multi-sensor fusion improved model performance during training but did not consistently enhance validation accuracy across sites, highlighting important cost–accuracy trade-offs and the need for realistic performance evaluation. Overall, the results demonstrate that the benefits of multi-sensor soil mapping are property-specific and site-dependent, providing guidance for scalable and economically viable field-scale soil mapping strategies
SCCS – Opinion on Prostaglandin Analogues : Methylamido-Dihydro-Noralfaprostal (MDN), Isopropyl Cloprostenate (IPCP), Dechloro Dihydroxy Difluoro Ethylcloprostenolamide (DDDE) - SCCS/1680/25 – Final Opinion
No full textInternational audienceSCCS – Opinion on Prostaglandin Analogues : Methylamido-Dihydro-Noralfaprostal (MDN), Isopropyl Cloprostenate (IPCP), Dechloro Dihydroxy Difluoro Ethylcloprostenolamide (DDDE) - SCCS/1680/25 – Final OpinionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfentati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, Ch. Delmaar, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von GoetzAdopted by written procedure on 2 February 2026 (227 pages)Mis en ligne : 10 February 2026https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/sccs-prostaglandin-analogues-methylamido-dihydro-noralfaprostal-mdn-isopropyl-cloprostenate-ipcp_enhttps://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/55295a0e-1aa8-4380-a8db-84ecf85b711c_en?filename=sccs_o_302.pdfDetailsPublication date : 10 February 2026Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), J. Ezendam (Rapporteur), E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers (Rapporteur), Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik (Rapporteur), T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfenati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, Ch. Delmaar, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von Goetz, Contact: [email protected] request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1680/25Adopted on: 2 February 2026Conclusion of the opinion:(1) In light of the data provided and taking under consideration the concerns raised by the SCCS in Opinion SCCS/1635/21,a) does the SCCS consider Ethyl Tafluprostamide safe when used in eyelash and eyebrow products up to a maximum concentration of 0.018 %?b) does the SCCS consider Methylamido-Dihydro-Noralfaprostal safe when used in eyelash and eyebrow products up to a maximum concentration of 0.03 %?c) does the SCCS consider Isopropyl Cloprostenate safe when used in eyelash and eyebrow products up to a maximum concentration of 0.005 %?Having evaluated all the evidence provided by the Applicants to support the safe use of the three prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) - Isopropyl Cloprostenate, Methylamido-Dihydro-Noralfaprostal and Dechloro Dihydroxy Difluoro Ethylcloprostenolamide - the SCCS is of the opinion that none of them can be considered safe for use in cosmetic products intended for promoting the growth of eyelashes and eyebrows.The SCCS conclusion is based on the potent pharmacological activity of the PGAs, even at low concentrations, and the lack of acceptable data that would make it possible to exclude any potential adverse effects resulting from reproductive/developmental toxicity. The latter is crucially important for PGAs in view that users of the PGA-containing cosmetic products will most likely be women of child-bearing age.More details on the SCCS concerns regarding safety of the PGAs are given in the section 8.(2) Alternatively, what is according to the SCCS the maximum concentration considered safe for use of Ethyl Tafluprostamide, Methylamido-Dihydro-Noralfaprostal and Isopropyl Cloprostenate, respectively, in eyelash and eyebrow products?/(3) Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns regarding the use of Ethyl Tafluprostamide, Methylamido-Dihydro-Noralfaprostal and Isopropyl Cloprostenate in cosmetic products?The available evidence has shown that neither of the 3 PGAs assessed in this Opinion has a potential for genotoxicity, and hence no concern over genotoxic carcinogenicity. However, as indicated in the previous SCCS Opinion (SCCS/1635/21), in the absence of experimental data on carcinogenicity, the possibility of non-genotoxic carcinogenicity cannot be excluded.Keywords:SCCS, scientific opinion, prostaglandin analogues, PGAs, Ethyl Tafluprostamide, Methylamido-Dihydro-Noralfaprostal, Isopropyl Cloprostenate, Regulation 1223/2009Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Opinion on prostaglandin analogues used in cosmetic products, preliminary version of 28 May 2025, final version of 2 February, SCCS/1680/25
Using historical samples to re-construct the predatory diet of carabid beetles through time
No full textInternational audienc
2025, une année d’audace et de reconnaissance multiple pour la revue de l’organisation responsable
No full textInternational audienceAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which no effective preventative or curative treatment has yet been identified. Due to the multifactorial nature and complex pathophysiology of the disease, we developed a multi-target ligand that both inhibits human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), a key enzyme linked to β-amyloid plaque formation, andactivates the sigma-1 receptor (S1R), which modulates neuroinflammatory and protective pathways. To this end, a series of isoindolines were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity was evaluated. The most promising compound, 7c, exhibited significant dual activity, achieving nanomolar IC50 values against hBChE and potent S1R activation. Subsequent in vivo studies in an Aβ25-35 mouse model revealed an improvement in cognitive deficits in both short- and long-term memory at an effective dose of 0.01 mg/kg in WT Swiss-OF1 mice. This dose is 10-fold lower compared to single-target compounds 7a and 7b of this isoindoline series. The lack of neuroprotective effects in BChE knock-out (KO) mice confirmed the involvement of BChE inhibition for compounds 7c effects in WT mice. Further combinatorial studies employing a two-drug combination demonstrated synergy in the neuroprotective effect of the two targets
Optimizing phosphorus input and straw return enhances soil health: Insights into microbial functional gene indicators in Solanum lycopersicum
No full textInternational audienceIntensive greenhouse vegetable production plays a crucial role in meeting food demand but is often associated with excessive fertilizer inputs and continuous monoculture, leading to soil degradation, microbial imbalance, and increased incidence of soilborne diseases (Li et al., 2014, Ma et al., 2023, Sun et al., 2025). In S. lycopersicum systems, root rot and yield loss are closely linked to soil health decline, and phosphorus (P) overuse is particularly problematic. The low use efficiency of applied P (only 10–20 % uptake by crops) and residual P accumulation not only waste resources but also elevate environmental risks (Almario et al., 2014, Chien et al., 2018, Kopittke et al., 2019, Zhao et al., 2022). With phosphate rock projected to be depleted by 2050, optimizing P management has become a priority for sustaining intensive agriculture (Rowe et al., 2016, Chanda et al., 2025, Gong et al., 2025, Wu et al., 2025). Although precision nutrient strategies integrating reduced N and P inputs have shown promise (Getahun et al., 2024, Liu et al., 2023a), few studies have systematically examined how nutrient reduction can sustain yield while alleviating soil health deterioration in high-input S. lycopersicum systems.Plants exhibit adaptive responses under P deficiency, including increased root length, secretion of organic acids, and recruitment of phosphate-solubilizing microbes that harbor functional genes such as phoD (alkaline phosphatase) and pqqC (pyrroloquinoline quinone synthase) (Fan et al., 2025). These mechanisms mobilize unavailable P and enhance plant uptake (Hu et al., 2025, Jarosch et al., 2015, Luo et al., 2019, Wen et al., 2019). Moderate P reduction has been reported to enrich these beneficial microbial communities while maintaining crop productivity (Cao et al., 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2025). Similarly, straw return is recognized as a sustainable practice that increases soil organic matter, improves structure, and stimulates microbial activity and nutrient cycling (Bai et al., 2023, Fu et al., 2021, Li et al., 2023, Liu et al., 2023b). Long-term studies show that straw incorporation can raise P-use efficiency by more than 60 % when combined with inorganic fertilizer (Guo et al., 2018, Xiao et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2025). Straw-induced microbial shifts may also enhance beneficial taxa such as Pseudomonas and Streptomyces, which suppress soilborne pathogens (Ling et al., 2024, Zhang et al., 2024b, Wang et al., 2022). However, it remains unclear how the integration of P reduction and straw return influences nutrient-cycling and disease-suppressive genes in high-input greenhouse systems.Soil health evaluation frameworks have increasingly emphasized the need to incorporate biological indicators (Joos et al., 2023, Kruczyńska et al., 2023). Traditional assessments based largely on physical and chemical properties fail to capture the dynamic, process-driven roles of microbial communities (Rinot et al., 2019, Wade et al., 2022). Recent advances highlight microbial functional genes-including phoD, pqqC, and nitrogen-cycling genes (nirS, nosZ)- as sensitive and mechanistic indicators of microbial functional potential, soil multifunctionality, and ecosystem resilience (Creamer et al., 2022, Jia et al., 2025, Luo et al., 2019, Trivedi et al., 2016). Yet few studies have simultaneously quantified how reduced P fertilization and straw return regulate functional gene networks, soil multifunctionality, pathogen dynamics, and yield in intensive S. lycopersicum production.To address this gap, we conducted a long-term field experiment in a facility-grown S. lycopersicum system, testing four P input levels (100 %, 80 %, 50 %, and 0 %) with and without straw additions. We assessed soil nutrients, functional gene abundance, potential pathogen risks (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici, Fol) and beneficial taxa (Pseudomonas, Pse), soil quality index (SQI), multifunctionality, yield, and economic performance. We hypothesized that moderate P reduction, particularly when integrated with straw return, can maintain S. lycopersicum productivity while enhancing soil health through improved microbial functional potential and disease suppression. Specifically, we asked: (1) How does reduced P fertilization affect yield, economic return, nutrient status, and microbial functional indicators in an intensive S. lycopersicum system? (2) Can straw addition under reduced P input amplify soil multifunctionality and optimize the balance productivity with pathogen suppression
A standardized approach to test missense PNPLA1 rare genetic variants of uncertain significance in epidermal differentiation disorders
No full textInternational audienceCongenital ichthyoses, now renamed epidermal differentiation disorders (EDDs) (syndromic EDD or nonsyndromic EDD), are rare, disabling conditions caused by sequence variations in epidermal barrier genes. However, 5-10% of variants, called "variants of uncertain significance" (VUS), remain uncharacterized, and their pathogenicity is not demonstrated. We developed an approach for classifying VUS in nonsyndromic EDD associated with variant in PNPLA1. We generated PNPLA1-knockout human keratinocytes. PNPLA1, encoded by a missense VUS or by the reference coding sequence, was expressed after lentiviral transduction in the PNPLA1-knockout cells. Transduced cells were used to produce human epidermal equivalents, and the functionality of the normal or VUS-encoded proteins was evaluated. Compared with PNPLA1-knockout human epidermal equivalents re-expressing normal PNPLA1, PNPLA1-knockout human epidermal equivalents showed disrupted synthesis of ω-O-acylceramide, the normal product of PNPLA1, as well as abnormal vesicle-like structures and immature cornified envelopes, characteristic of the epidermis of patients with PNPLA1 variants. Human epidermal equivalents expressing the PNPLA1 VUS showed similar abnormalities, consistent with an impaired PNPLA1 function. This work demonstrated a feasible strategy to help reclassifying missense VUS, which can be extended to other EDD-related genes. Although further efforts are needed to translate this approach into clinical practice and help overcome current diagnostic limitations, such models are valuable tools for pathophysiological and preclinical research on EDDs
Increased worker aggression toward allopatric compared to sympatric males in an ant species with limited female dispersal
No full textInternational audienceMating with the best partner is a critical step in the life of an organism, especially when there is a lifelong commitment between partners. Genetic compatibility between mating partners is thought to be an important driver of mate choice, either through inbreeding and/or outbreeding avoidance. Social species provide very interesting systems where related group members may affect each other’s mating choice. This is the case of social insects, where sterile workers could actively drive the mating choice of their sister queens. Here, we performed two series of dyadic choice tests under laboratory conditions in the low dispersing ant Cataglyphis piliscapa. We tested (i) whether a virgin queen chooses between two males of varied genetic proximity (allopatric vs sympatric) and (ii) whether workers modulate male access to the queen. In tests without worker, allopatric and sympatric males attempted mating equally. Allopatric males succeeded mating more often, but there was no indication of queen choice. When present, workers attacked allopatric males thrice as much as sympatric males. Workers presence reduced the frequency of mating attempts, and more so for the males that they strongly aggressed. We suggest that worker aggressions may have stronger effects in the field where males attempt to mate for many hours and discuss the factors that could favor this behavior. We discuss our results in the light of the very strong population genetic differentiation of C. piliscapa, which could favor outbreeding avoidance, and of its peculiar reproductive system
Estimation bayésienne de la sensibilité et de la spécificité des diagnostics coprologiques et sérologiques pour la recherche de l’infestation d’un élevage par Ascaris suum
No full textInternational audienceL’étude compare des diagnostics coprologiques et sérologiques pour définir le statut des élevages de porcs vis-à-vis d’Ascaris suum. Le diagnostic coprologique est très spécifique mais peu sensible. Le diagnostic sérologique, plus sensible et assez spécifique, est plus adapté au diagnostic de troupeau, avec des performances augmentées en considérant qu’un élevage est positif à partir de deux sérums positifs sur di