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Divergent control of seed germination by cytokinins in weedy broomrapes and witchweeds
No full textInternational audienceBroomrapes (Phelipanche and Orobanche spp.) and witchweeds (Striga spp.) are parasitic weeds that are increasingly threatening crops worldwide. Seeds of these species rely on host-derived signals such as strigolactones (SL) to germinate. While cytokinins (CKs) were also reported as germination inducers of witchweeds, their role during the germination of broomrapes remains unexplored. Our study shows that some but not all CKs stimulate Striga hermonthica germination independently of SL and that high concentrations of bioactive CKs trigger Striga seedlings to differentiate into fully extruded embryo-like structures. In contrast, CK-free bases but not ribosylated or glycosylated conjugates are extremely potent inhibitors of broomrapes germination. Germination inhibition upon the CK signaling inhibitor PI-55 and inhibitor of CK degradation INCYDE suggest that the CK perception and degradation machinery is conserved in parasitic weeds. In Phelipanche ramosa, gene expression analyses combined with targeted quantification of CK contents revealed that SL first induce an increase in abscisic acid catabolism, then a modification of the CK endogenous pool in favor of inactive conjugates. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the hormonal interplay governing seed germination in broomrapes and witchweeds, paving the way for future studies aimed at developing novel strategies for parasitic weed control
ODINN.jl: Scientific machine learning glacier modelling
No full text`ODINN.jl` is a glacier model leveraging scientific machine learning (SciML) methods to perform forward and inverse simulations of large-scale glacier evolution. It can simulate both surface mass balance and ice flow dynamics through a modular architecture which enables the user to easily modify model components
Assessment of phenotypic trait plasticity in the oilseed Camelina sativa using integrated early-stage abiotic stress and field studies
No full textInternational audienceConnecting the characterisation of juvenile (pre-anthesis) plant stress responses in controlled environments to field agronomic performance is a challenge. The oilseed crop Camelina sativa (camelina), with its innate resilience and plasticity, presents an opportunity to understand both the underlying mechanisms of juvenile resilience and identify the implications for yield in diverse pedoclimates. A better understanding of camelina’s abiotic stress resilience is important in the context of climate change and the development of breeding programmes for climate-tolerant crops. In this study, 54 accessions representing the genetic diversity observed in the wider publicly available population were used to investigate the plasticity of camelina’s early-stage response to drought and heat stress, combined with an evaluation of field performance in multi-location field trials. A combinatorial phenotyping approach of early-stage drought and heat stress identified stress-responsive signatures within the diversity panel. The substantial variation in the morphophysiological line-specific responses to stress, indicated that juvenile and mature camelina plants have significant plasticity and access different stress response strategies. In response to stress, we observed significant molecular metabolic adjustment alongside significant lipid remodelling and physiological compensation. Camelina was resilient to drought stress, and certain metabolites were identified as indicators of abiotic stress response. Applying an integrated approach, early-stage phenotyping and multi-location field trials provided a complete assessment of the camelina stress response and facilitated a connection to crop productivity. This approach facilitates improved breeding programmes, addresses the restrictions of limited genetic diversity in camelina, and supports the development of local varieties optimised for climate resilience
Multivariate Chemometric analysis of chemical diversity in French winter and spring Lupinus albus L. varieties
No full textInternational audienceWhite lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a nutrient-rich legume well-adapted to Mediterranean climates and tolerant of abiotic stress. Therefore, lupins represent a sustainable crop option with high potential for use in areas where climate change impacts are intensifying. This study analysed eight cultivars, four winter and four spring ecotypes, to assess differences in nutritional and bioactive compounds. Key compounds studied included proteins, fats, carbohydrates, tocopherols, and phenolics. Spring ecotypes like ‘Sulimo’ and ‘Energy’ showed higher protein and tocopherol content, which may be ideal for protein-rich, antioxidant-rich diets. Winter ecotypes such as ‘Angus’ had more carbohydrates, especially fructose and raffinose, which could benefit energy and gut health. Both ecotypes showed high fibre levels, supporting digestive health. The findings suggest that ecotype influences chemical composition significantly, and each offers distinct benefits for targeted nutritional and functional food applications
Nutritional strategies against skeletal muscle wasting in cancer-associated cachexia: the role of β-hydroxybutyrate and polyunsaturated fatty acids
No full textInternational audienceCachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that occurs in many cancers, particularly in their advanced stages, decreasing the quality of life and lifespan of patients. One of the hallmarks of cancer-associated cachexia is skeletal muscle wasting. Multiple causes include inflammation, metabolic deregulation, energy utilization, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Loss of skeletal muscle is characterised by an imbalance in protein homeostasis, with decreased anabolism (regulated by the Akt/GSK3/eIF2 alpha and Akt/mTORC1 pathways) and increased catabolism (regulated by autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system), as well as an impairment in myogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary intervention of (3-hydroxybutyrate, the major ketone body produced by ketogenesis, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may mitigate skeletal muscle wasting. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and (3-hydroxybutyrate are able to favourably modulate inflammation, insulin resistance, unfolded protein response and stresses (such as metabolic stress and oxidative stress). A well-adapted nutritional strategy may include a "classic" diet supplemented with (3-hydroxybutyrate and polyunsaturated fatty acids to maintain skeletal muscle integrity and reduce wasting
Patterns in sustainable food choices and policy support : Novel evidence from nine countries
No full textNational audienceThis analysis uses OECD survey data from over 8,000 households in nine countries. The paper analyses household profiles via latent class analysis on the basis of both diet composition, as well as purchasing habits for products that are generally perceived to be socially responsible. Results reveal four main household profiles that are distinguished by different broad patterns in these two behaviours. Household profiles are found to differ in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes towards the environment, as well as with respect to their level of support for various food policies. Interestingly, results regarding the relationship between environmental attitudes and red meat consumption may suggest the existence of another “meat paradox” in the sense that one group of respondents reports high levels of environmental concern but also a high frequency of meat consumption
SCCS Scientific advice on hair dye ‘Basic Brown 16’ (C009) (CAS No. 26381-41-9, EC No. 247-640-9) Submission V ter. - SCCS/1684/25 – Final Version
No full textInternational audienceSCCS Scientific advice on hair dye ‘Basic Brown 16’ (C009) (CAS No. 26381-41-9, EC No. 247-640-9) Submission V ter. - SCCS/1684/25 – Final VersionU U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, E. Benfenati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, Ch. Delmaar, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von Goetz Adopted by written procedure on 2 February 2026Publication date : 10 February 2026 (34 pages)https://health.ec.europa.eu/publications/sccs-scientific-advice-hair-dye-basic-brown-16-c009-cas-no-26381-41-9-ec-no-247-640-9-submission-v_enhttps://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/189b7e0f-5d91-4bea-ae82-7efdd8bae8d4_en?filename=sccs_o_305.pdfDetailsPublication date : 10 February 2026Author : Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS)DescriptionSCCS members: U. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads (Chairperson), J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik (Rapporteur), T. Vanhaecke, S. WijnhovenSCCS external experts: E. Benfenati, N. Cabaton, E. Corsini, Ch. Delmaar, A. Koutsodimou, H. Louro, W. Uter, N. von Goetz Contact: [email protected] request from: European CommissionSCCS Number: SCCS/1684/25Adopted on: 2 February 2026Conclusion of the opinion:(1) In light of the data provided, does the SCCS consider Basic Brown 16 safe, when used as an ingredient at 2 % in non-oxidative hair dye formulations?Having assessed the data provided, the SCCS does not consider the use of Basic Brown 16 safe when used as an ingredient in non-oxidative hair dye formulations because the weight of evidence indicates its potential for mutagenicity.(2) Does the SCCS have any further scientific concerns with regard to the use of Basic Brown 16 in cosmetic products?/Keywords:SCCS, scientific advice, hair dye, Basic Brown 16, C009, 8-[(4- Aminophenyl)diazenyl]-7-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylnaphthalen-2-aminium chloride, CAS No. 26381-41-9, EC No. 247-640-9, submission V ter., Regulation 1223/2009Opinion to be cited as:SCCS (Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety), Scientific Advice on hair dye ‘Basic Brown 16’ (C009) (CAS No. 26381-41-9, EC No. 247-640-9) – submission V ter., preliminary version of 30 October 2025, final version of 2 February 2026, SCCS/1684/25
Les Doctoriales en sciences sociales de l'eau 2024 : de la construction des savoirs d'action – Introduction
No full textInternational audienceLes Doctoriales francophones en sciences sociales de l’eau (DSSE), créées en 2014 à l’ENGEES, visent à fédérer une communauté dispersée de doctorants travaillant sur la thématique de l’eau. Après dix ans et sept éditions, plus de 200 doctorants ont pu y présenter leurs travaux devant des chercheurs confirmés, dans un cadre décrit comme stimulant, bienveillant et pluridisciplinaire. La septième édition, organisée à Bordeaux en décembre 2024, a rassemblé une centaine de participants, dont cinquante et un jeunes chercheurs issus de disciplines variées (géographie, sociologie, anthropologie, économie, etc.). Les thèses présentées couvrent des enjeux comme le changement climatique, la justice environnementale, la gestion de l’eau ou les politiques publiques, reflétant la diversité des approches méthodologiques et théoriques. Ce numéro spécial, issu de dix communications sélectionnées, illustre la production de « savoirs d’action » : des connaissances à la fois scientifiques et opérationnelles, mobilisées pour informer et légitimer l’action sur des problèmes socio-hydriques. Les articles explorent des cas concrets (accès à l’eau, gouvernance, adaptation aux risques, etc.), mettant en lumière les processus de construction sociale de ces savoirs et leur rôle dans la gestion de l’eau
Challenges in developing value of chains of minor crops
No full texthttps://rotates.eu/2026/01/26/challenges-in-developing-value-of-chains-of-minor-crops