International Journal of Business & Economics (IJBE)
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EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF PEER MONITORING ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SELF-HELP GROUPS
Get PDFMain objective of the study is to understand how self-help groups can give loans and finance to the poor and marginalized by utilizing peer-to-peer and social contracting methods. We believe that a scenario in which a group of people lend money to one another while sharing risk, making use of social capital, financial inclusion and sustainability becomes easier. When members who are in group, exchange information and have joint liability, peer selection and assortative matching leads to better financial behavior in a group. Researchers advocate the development of self-help and joint liability organizations to eliminate selection bias and moral hazard during contract performance. As a result, peer monitoring and screening, as revealed in this study, can help to lower the probability of adverse selection, particularly for high-risk borrowers
An Analysis of China’s Economic Growth: The Effects of the WTO and the RCEP
Get PDFUsing econometric models based on the expenditure approach for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measurement, our research examines the main factors that significantly contributed to China’s economic growth from 1978 to 2020. Our study investigates the impact of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)on China’s economy through a comparison of the pre-WTO period (1978-2001) and the post-WTO period (2002-2020).The regression results demonstrate that government consumption, total investment, and total exports contributed more to China’s GDP growth after China entered the WTO. The estimated coefficients for total exports were four to five times larger in the post-WTO period. Our research provides evidence that the WTO accession positively affected China’s economic development and strengthened the effect of exports on GDP growth in China. We find that marginal investment return did not decrease when capital investment increased during the post-WTO period. In addition, we examine the WTO’s effects on China’s economy during the five-year periods before and after joining the WTO. The results show that the WTO helped China stabilize its economy and contributed 2.01-2.37% to China’s average annual GDP growth in the five years after WTO entry. Based on our findings for the WTO, we predict that the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) could potentially increase China’s annual GDP growth by 0.62-0.73%. Finally, we discuss our research’s policy implications for China regarding consumption, capital investment, exports and imports, foreign direct investment (FDI), and research and development (R&D)
Confidence Herding Under Market Distress
Get PDFThis paper investigates the role of government ownership in investor herding during volatile market conditions. The researcher documents significant confidence herding (attributed to government ownership) during market distress. To be specific, the researcher examined investor reactions during extreme market conditions, using daily data from the Chinese stock market from 1991 to 2016. The researcher shows that investors exhibit significant herd behavior in the Chinese market during extreme (high/low) market conditions, suggesting the existence of investor irrationality during such conditions. In addition, the magnitude of investor herding is greater in extremely high market conditions than extremely low market conditions. Most importantly, investors herd in high-stateowned stocks during extremely low market conditions. In contrast, investors do not exhibit significant herding in high-state-owned stocks during extremely high market conditions. The evidence implies that government ownership garners investor confidence during market distress
Food Insecurity, Population Health and Food Supply Chain: A Framework Integrating Three Constructs
Get PDFDesign/methodology/approach: food insecurity is discussed within population health and food supply chain framework. Research shows that food insecurity is one of the three main causes in impacting population health. After exploring the relationship between food insecurity and population health, this study explores possible solutions to address food insecurity through food supply chain management framework. Food supply chain is different from commercial supply chain in many important attributes. Literature does not provide research framework linking these three attributes (food insecurity, population health and food supply chain). Therefore, we use an exploratory map to build roadmap to a successful integration of these three attributes. Purpose: social determinants of health are considered as a precondition for population health. Food security forms basis for catalyst in population health. Food security touches human dignity. Many people face starvation while tons of foods are wasted globally. There is a mismatch between supply and demand for food production and consumption. Distributions of foods from producers to consumers become a focal point in managing starvation and waste/glut of foods. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how food supply chain mitigates food insecurity and provides sustainable food supply. Findings: this paper reveals mismatch between supply and consumption of food at a global scale. Inadequate supply chain assets -technologies, storages, distribution networks, etc. - at the producer’s ends causes lower return on investments for producers. Unique characteristics of food supply chain compared with commercial supply chain raises challenges to the imbalance between supply and demand. Oligopolistic market structure may solve the chronic mismatch. Originality/value: literature addresses these three constructs – food security, population health and food supply chain – separately and independently from each other. This paper argues these three constructs should be addressed together in order to solve global food insecurity and waste. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to unify these three constructs
Impact of Size, Future Earning, and growth to the Sustainability performance of US Sustainable Corporate Bonds
Get PDFOne of the significant challenges towards the UNSDG (United National Sustainability Development Goals) is funding sustainable projects. Sustainable bonds are an essential financing instrument where the bond proceeds are used to finance or refinance an eligible sustainable project. This effort aims to analyze the sustainability commitment of US Corporate's sustainable bonds. We investigated the US corporate sustainable bonds SDG commitments to the "Firm size," "Future earning and growth potential," and the "Extent of institutional investors ownership." We found a positive relationship between sustainability commitment or score and "Future earning and growth potential."We discover no significant association between the sustainability commitment of sustainable corporate bond issuance in the United States and company size or ownership concentration. The critical implication of this research is to understand investment targets if the end goal is to factor in Sustainability in the investment strategy
EFFECTS OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ON JAPAN’S ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INFLATION
Get PDFThis study empirically explores the likely effects of active-age and elderly populations on Japan’s real GDP growth and inflation. Annual data from 1986 to 2019 are used to avoid the COVID-19 unusual period. DF-GLS and Ng-Perron unit root tests, ARDL bounds testing procedure for co-integration and associated VECMs are implemented. Unit root tests results display a mixture of I(0) and I(1) behaviors of variables with no I(2) behavior. An ARDL bound testing confirms co-integrating relationship among the variables in both real GDP growth and inflation equations. Their respective associated VECM results reveal relatively fast adjustments toward long-run equilibria. Elderly population shows contractionary effect on real GDP growth, while active-age population reveals, otherwise. In inflation related VECM estimates, both segments of population add to inflationary pressure through respective consumption channels
From Corporate Social Responsibility to Consumer Social Responsibility: Evolution, Implications and Future Directions
Get PDFThis paper reviews the concepts, elements and development of the concepts of corporate social responsibility and of consumer social responsibility. Throughout the paper, we present several international and local cases for companies that apply corporate social responsibility. We also present examples of consumer social responsibility throughout the paper. Our interest was in analyzing corporate social responsibility and consumer social responsibility in Egypt. We analyzed the Egyptian case in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we examine how the pandemic affected corporate social responsibility and consumer social responsibility practices in Egypt
CSR Funding for Wellbeing of Society as a Whole: During and After Covid-19
Get PDFCultural and religious speculations are very much supportive of the fact that Indian companies always come forward to help the penurious. World health organization (WHO) has declared Coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Considering the present situation the Indian government declared the situation of the pandemic in the country. To support the current crisis ministry of corporate affairs declared that under schedule VII of Indian CSR policy funds spent by companies to support the government under the umbrella of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this crisis, almost every company registered under the Company’s Act of India are coming forward voluntarily to support the nation by indulging in healthcare and sanitation, meeting the specific requirements of equipment and medicines. Corporate organizations like Power Finance Corporation has contributed rupees 200 Cr. to the PM Care Relief Fund and Tata have contributed rupees 500 Cr. for Covid-19 patients and many more. Normally it’s been perceived that the corporates indulge in social work for tax rebates only. But this research aims at bringing the positive side of big business units. Research evidence is very much convincing that corporates are the backbone of our nation and contributes to the growth of any developing or developed nation
For A Better Understanding of Opposing Negotiator Behavior
Get PDFThis paper has two objectives. We start by trying to identify the intercultural factors that can influence international business negotiation. Second, we work to improve how organizations, both public and private, perceive their behavior. In order to do this, a qualitative exploratory study employing the individual interview method was conducted on a sample of Tunisian and French negotiators. "Nvivo 7" software, which is known to improve data analysis when a considerable corpus of information needs to be coded and classified into thematic categories, was used to process the collected data
Measuring the Impacts of Consumers’ Demographics on Spending Propensity and Expenses on Firms Profitability using Market Basket Optimization Model
Get PDFMarket Basket Analysis (MBA) and its importance in selecting the right basket of goods have obtained considerable interest among the managers and executives of many retail stores. The present study has explored the literature gap in measuring the determinants for managing the optimum market basket of goods for consumers. The study found that some customer demographic and firm specific expense variables provide important prediction power to measure the customer spending propensity and firms’ profitability respectively. We have used two different market basket optimization models to measure and analyze the results. The results show significant influence of age and advertising expenses on consumers’ propensity to expense and firms’ profitability respectively. The study has used two regression models to analyze the market basket using WarpPLS and R Software. Finally, the study suggests for future study to measure the impacts of consumer behavioral and psychological aspects and industry types on the spending propensity and firms’ profitability through market basket analysis