International Journal of Business & Economics (IJBE)
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WHEN THE GOING GETS TOUGH: NARRATIVES OF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS SURVIVAL THROUGHOUT CRISIS
Get PDFThe COVID-19 Pandemic has resulted in severe difficulties, especially for those who are traditional business owners. Thus, there are different challenges that business owners have experienced. This study was designed to identify the coping mechanisms of traditional business owners when a pandemic hit them. The participants in this study were ten selected traditional business owners from Santiago City. The researchers used a narratology design that focuses on the life of a person to obtain a precise and correct response. In addition, the researchers used an open-ended interview method through an interview guide. The study found that the traditional business owners experienced business closures, the emergence of online selling, a downtrend in sales, heightened business compliance to safety protocols, financial difficulties and emphasizing products and services, strengthening customer relationships and loyalty, adapting personalized public health measures, aligning the traditional business to innovative business trends and promotion through virtual channels are their ways to cope up and keep their business afloat amidst COVID-19 Pandemic
TESTING VOLATILITY PERSISTENCE WITH FRACTIONAL INTEGRATIONAND COINTEGRATION IN WORLDWIDE COMMODITY MARKETS
Get PDFIn this paper, we examine the volatility of commodity prices around the world using monthly data for the time period 1960–2022. During this period, there were significant economic crises that increased the prices of both energy and non-energy commodities in the short term. These past crises may provide insights into the behavior of current crises, as they generally exhibit similar patterns. We use fractional integration methods and find that the volatility for each variable exhibits mean reversion, with the effect of the shocks disappearing in the long run. While this may seem obvious, our paper is the first to empirically demonstrate this significant process of convergence using a flexible time series model. As an additional contribution, we complement our analysis by incorporating a fractional cointegration test to examine potential relationships among the commodity prices. Our findings reveal the existence of four distinct cointegrating relationships within the set of ten commodity prices. This implies that these commodities are not entirely independent and may share underlying connections that contribute to their price movements over time. This valuable insight further enriches our understanding of the intricate interactions within the commodity market. We conclude that although countries do not have effective policies for mitigating volatility, it is only a short-term phenomenon that will disappear in the long term
UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL BRANDING IN EGYPTIAN TELEVISION BROADCASTING
Get PDFBranding has traditionally been a strategy applied in the marketing discipline to influence customer behavior among fierce competition. Yet, such competition between organizations highlights the importance of employees’ input and buy-in to the branding strategy. In result, internal branding has become a vital concept in creating a relationship between the brand and employees in hopes of producing loyalty, commitment and delivery of the brand promise. Research indicates not much progress has been made with regards to employee perspective. This article focuses on results from nine interviews conducted with employees from different television channels located in Egypt. Results show that only a few employees understand their organization and brand promise. Other factors affecting internal branding, as stated by the interviewers, are further discussed in the paper
REVISITING NEW ZEALAND TRADE BALANCE AND EXCHANGE RATE: EVIDENCE FROM ASYMMETRY ANALYSIS
Get PDFRecent trends on empirical studies of trade balance and exchange rates, focusing on a non-linear approach, supply new insight in the case of New Zealand. The earlier empirical study is limited and unsuccessful in providing dedicated support for J-curve in the long run. This paper adds a new case study between New Zealand and its 13 trading partners. Following an innovative approach using the non-linear method supply rewarding results. The results show that the short-run effects of exchange rate changes are asymmetric in all models, but they also lasted into the long-run significant asymmetric effects in the cases of China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Switzerland
Autoregression of Bilateral Trade Flow Matrices
Get PDFAmongst a considered set of trading partners, does proportional bilateral trade flow in matrix form have autoregressive predictability? In this paper, the standard method of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is modified for the input and prediction of matrices representing proportional exports of trading partners. Considering a small sample of trading partners and using the matrix regression model proposed, we find some evidence of autoregressive predictability. This predictability can be employed to predict future trade flows among different countries. Our findings provide some potential policy implications on international trade. 
PARTICIPANT ADJUSTED MEDAL COUNTS: A NOTE ON EQUITY AND INCLUSIVENESS APPROACH TO TOKYO OLYMPIC
Get PDFA lack of standard reporting systems on Olympic medal counts and subsequent rankings raises confusion among spectators. Ranking, based on inconsistent measures by IOC and other reporting organizations, has hampered scholarly investigations in search for objective, fair and inclusive ranking system based on the IOC spirit. This paper attempts to incorporate two additional variables into ranking system, size of participants and wealth of nations. When these two variables are incorporated into the statistical models, different outcomes emerged from what IOC and other organizations reported. Small countries like Bermuda and Kyrgyzstan emerged as strong contenders in the Olympic Games. This approach appears to have addressed fairness and inclusive issues in Olympic Games
BLOCKCHAIN IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY WAY FORWARD
Get PDFThe paper discusses the scope and impact of blockchain technology-BCT adoption in travel and tourism. Based on a review of literature and the few adoptions of Block chain technology in hospitality and tourism the paper reflects that BCT truly captures benefits and enhances the effectiveness of this technology and growth potential of hospitality and tourism industry. Starting with fundamental understanding of blockchain framework and systematic structure, functioning and scope of a blockchain system the paper discusses the critical factors, potential drivers and challenges of its adoption in the hospitality and tourism industry. The paper highlights the scope and use of blockchain in tourism and hospitality industry. In the post Covid time there exist big dilemmas in tourism and hospitality industry dealing with the disruption in its value chain which requires blockchain technology to smoothen its value network. Further, more empirical work is required in this regard to strengthen the hospitality and tourism industry. The paper suggests research gaps and directions for possible future studies that facilitate strengthening, sustainability and feasibility of supply chain in hospitality and tourism industry. Blockchain technology has definite potential to strengthen, sustain the competencies and transform the hospitality and tourism industry. The applicability of blockchain in hospitality and tourism industry embarks up its salient features like transparency, anonymity; integrity, decentralization etc., enable more secure end to end customer management systems. An interaction within the supply chain structures facilitates customer movement with tourism and hospitality physical kiosks
FREE-FLOAT AND STOCK LIQUIDITY: EVIDENCE FROM A POLICY EXPERIMENT
Get PDFOn June 2010 the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) – the Indian market regulator, mandated the listed firms to increase their Minimum Public Shareholding (MPS) to 25%. Present study utilises this regulatory intervention as a natural experimental setup of an exogenous shock to freefloating stocks to examine the impact on stock liquidity. The study employs univariate Event Study and multivariate Difference-in-Difference regression analysis. Findings suggest that the MPS regulation significantly improved different stock liquidity measures and established the causality of stock free float to stock liquidity
What Drives the Global Outward Mergers & Acquisitions? Empirical Analysis on Indian Outbound Deals
Get PDFThe need for new markets, new customers, global markets and competitive advantages and many identified and unidentified factors drive to acquire businesses in other countries. Indian firms count to involve in outbound cross M&A activities in last two decades (2000-2020). This paper purposes to study the impact of different possible factors related to host countries for example country-specific macroeconomic determinants influencing the overseas mergers and acquisitions by Indian enterprises. The study identified top 10 host country destinations along with their macroeconomic factors for a period of 20 years. Panel data regression model are used to examine the impact of selected variables on deal volume of outbound M&A by Indian firms. The dynamic effects are also observed in the relationship explaining the deal volume. The variables, gross domestic product, total exports, total imports, merchandise trade and double taxation treaty were found to have significant impact on Indian outbound M&A transactions. This paper fulfills the research gap by explaining the impact of different host macroeconomic factors attracting Indian firms to make foreign acquisitions
CENTRAL CLEARING OF CRYPTO-DERIVATIVES IN A DECENTRALIZED FINANCE (DeFi) FRAMEWORK: AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW
Get PDFThe embrace of cryptocurrencies by institutional investors is well underway. The futures market has already had a significant impact on this industry. Digital asset exposure may go up while the risk of loss is reduced by using derivatives. Decentralized finance and cryptoderivative trading are the focus of this article. We analyzed the function of a central clearing house (C.C.P.) and Exchange for Derivatives, especially Cryptocurrency derivatives. We mapped some critical attributes of DeFi (Decentralized Finance) to the concept of decentralized Exchange. In the light of this analysis, we reviewed an existing Cryptocurrency derivatives exchange that is trying to become a decentralized exchange. We studied dYdX, a major decentralized crypto-derivative exchange. We assessed its core purpose as a crypto-derivative exchange to investigate the positive aspects of the D.C.E. (Decentralized Crypto-derivative exchange). Decentralized crypto-derivative exchanges have considerable problems in terms of liquidity and market-making, and we determined that different incentive schemes by these exchanges have successfully overcome these issues. By linking additional trading nodes and boosting the trust of traders and investors, we believe these exchanges may be made more efficient