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Banks defy gravity in tax havens
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This article examines the international activity of banks. We use a gravity framework and country-by-country reports (CbCR) to predict the turnover of European Union (EU) banks worldwide, including jurisdictions usually considered tax havens. Our results show that: (1) about half of the activity of EU banks in tax havens, which accounts for 17% of their global activity, is not explained by standard gravity factors; (2) abnormal activity is concentrated in only a few tax havens (Luxembourg, Hong Kong, and Singapore); and (3) abnormal activity has been stable since the introduction of CbCR
L’alimentation étudiante, du constat à l’action. Comment les universités peuvent-elles accompagner la transition vers une alimentation satisfaisante et de bonne qualité nutritionnelle ?
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Bronchiectasis in France: data on disease characteristics in 630 patients from the European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC)
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundLittle is known about the characteristics of adults with bronchiectasis in France.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the characteristics of adults (≥18 years) with clinically-significant bronchiectasis, diagnosed on a combination of respiratory symptoms and CT scan findings, and followed in 18 participating centers. Data on, etiology, lung function, symptoms, microbiology, treatments and quality of life were collected.ResultsBetween January 2016 and July 2022, 630 adults (females: 66%; ≥55 years: 73.8%) were included. Idiopathic and post-infective causes represented 33.0% and 37.1% respectively; COPD and asthma, which were present in 15.6% and 23.6% of subjects, were considered as causes of bronchiectasis in only 3.8% and 2.9%, respectively. Only 25% had normal spirometry and 7.3% required long-term oxygen therapy. Daily sputum production was present in 78.1% and 29.0% had a modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score ≥2. Positive bacterial sputum culture was found in 77.8% of those with sputum samples (n=455); including 157 (34.5%) positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the past year. During the year prior to study entry, 75.4% of patients reported at least one respiratory exacerbation, 33.8% had at least one hospitalization and 24.5% received outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). Using the bronchiectasis severity index 26.0%, 36.4% and 37.6% were considered as having mild, moderate and severe disease, respectively.ConclusionIn France, adults with bronchiectasis experience significant disease burden. Respiratory exacerbations are responsible for healthcare utilization and their prevention may require specialized multidisciplinary care and the development of novel therapeutic interventions
Proxydetection of the impact distance of trees on crops: An indicator of the Land Equivalent Ratio?
No full textInternational audienceHighlights: • Crops yield and leftovers were scaled up to the field-scale. • Using spectral images throughout the crop cycle improves productivity predictions. • The distance of influence of trees on crops can be measured by proxydetection and reveals the Land Equivalent Ratio.Abstract: Faidherbia albida is known to affect the yield of various crops, typically in a pattern where the impact decreases with increasing distance from the tree. While several studies have investigated the spatial extent of this effect, limited research has explored how this distance varies across different crops or its relationship with crop yield and the Land Equivalent Ratio. In this study, we used a geostatistical approach combined with multispectral UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) imagery to address these gaps in understanding. The results showed that, in contrast to its tripling effect on millet yield, F. albida does not have a significant impact on groundnut pod yield, it only improves its haulm yield under its crown by about 50 %. The geostatistical analysis showed that F. albida affects the groundnut crop up to 9.8-m, compared to 18-m for millet. Yield upscaling from subplots to the whole plot was achieved with an error of 8 % for groundnut pod yield and 13 % for haulm yield. Groundnut’s partial Land Equivalent Ratio (LERcp) was 1.02 for pod yield and 1.05 for haulm yield, which was lower than the LERcp for millet. We concluded that the distance at which agroforestry trees influence crops is a reliable predictor of their effect on yield and Land Equivalent Ratio. This approach offers a promising tool for future agroforestry studies, potentially guiding crop management strategies in agroforestry systems
Total liquid ventilation in a porcine model of severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome using a new generation of liquid ventilator
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Total liquid ventilation (TLV) has been experimentally proposed as an alternative treatment for the management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Recent technological advances have led to the evaluation of a TLV prototype in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest. Here, our goal was to determine whether a derived version of this prototype, so-called LV4B (Liquid Ventilation For Breathing), could be used for normothermic TLV in a swine model of severe ARDS.Methods: Swine were anesthetized and instrumented for respiratory and hemodynamic evaluation. ARDS was induced by one or two administrations of oleic acid (0.1 mg/kg), until reaching a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 100 mmHg. After ARDS induction, animals were allocated to undergo 60 min of either gas ventilation continuation (Control group) or TLV using a prototype that continuously controls respiratory rate (RR), liquid tidal volume (LqVt) and end-expiratory liquid volume (EELqV, respectively). Perfluorooctyl bromide was used as breathable liquid.Results: After ARDS induction and group allocation, 2/5 animals (40%) survived in the Control groups vs 5/5 in the TLV group (100%). In the Control group, premature deaths were related to sustained hypoxemia (PaO 2 < 50 mmHg) with hemodynamic failure. Surviving animals presented a trend toward better oxygenation in TLV vs Control, without achieving statistical significance due to the low number of survivors in the Control group. PaCO 2 , blood pH, lactate levels or pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics were not different between groups in survivors.In the TLV group, the average LqVt, EELqV and respiratory rate (RR) were 12.6±0.4 ml/kg, 22.9±2.9 ml/kg and 5.3±0.5 breath/min (mean ± SEM) at the end of procedure, respectively. In all animals, pulmonary debris were washed out from the lung and collected by the TLV device throughout the procedure. After necropsy, histopathological examination demonstrated significantly lower extent of inflammatory and congestion lesions in TLV vs Control. Conclusion:TLV with a liquid ventilator controlling EELqV, RR and LqVt is feasible and safe in large animals in a severe model of ARDS. This opens promising perspectives and warrants further investigation, including prolonged treatment durations and long-term follow-up.</div
Real-life data on hepatocellular carcinoma in the French prospective CHIEF cohort in the era of immunotherapy
No full textInternational audienceBackground The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases worldwide. We report the current landscape of HCC, in France. Methods Carcinome HépatocellulaIrE en France (CHIEF) is a national, prospective, observational cohort initiated in 2019 with the aim of including 5000 patients with HCC, with a 5-year follow-up for each. CHIEF Epidemio 2000, is the first global analysis. Results In September 2021, 2043 patients were included in 32 centers. We analyzed 1640 patients, 86% men, 68-year-old, BMI 26.8. 70.8% of patients had cirrhosis (MELD score 9, Child–Pugh A in 77.8%, and portal hypertension in 39%. Liver disease was related to alcohol 58.5%, metabolic syndrome 39%, and virus 23.3%. HCC was confirmed by histology in 46.3%. The Milan criteria fulfilled 32.9%, median AFP 39 ng/ml, 5.9% portal thrombosis, and 10.7% metastases. BCLC classes 0, A, B, C, and D were 6.1, 29.8, 28.8, 32.1, and 3.2%, respectively. HCC was detected during a surveillance program in 35.2% associated with better survival ( P < 0.001). Median follow-up was 17.76 months (29.1% deaths). The 6, 12, and 18 months overall survival rates were 84.9% (95% CI: 82.8–87), 76.7% (95% CI: 74.2–79.2), 69.3% (95% CI: 66.4–72.3). One-year survival for BCLC 0, A, B, C, and D was at 95.6, 89.7, 81.7, 54.9, and 40%, respectively ( P < 0.0001). First-line treatment was curative, locoregional, or systemic in 40.5, 36.2, and 19.2%, with 1-year survival at 92.9, 82.2, and 57.8%, respectively ( P < 0.0001). Atezolizumab–bevacizumab yielded a median overall survival of 17.05 months versus nine for TKI ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion In real-life data, metabolic syndrome becomes the second cause of HCC in France. The 1-year survival rates are high for all treatments applied, and Immunotherapy yields similar results than in trials
Manuel CRPE : Admis au CRPE 2026-2027 - Epreuve écrite d'admissibilité L3 - Sciences et technologie : Toutes les clés de la réussite
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À propos des effets d’une intervention fondée sur la pratique de la pleine conscience sur les troubles externalisés relevés chez des enfants d’âge scolaire
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Traits psychopathiques et intuitions morales au cours de l’adolescence
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