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Bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance rates in male urinary tract infections in France, 2019-2023
No full textInternational audienceAim: The aim of this study was to describe the bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance rates of bacterial isolates collected from urine specimens in male patients with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included routine data from midstream urine cultures of adult male patients with suspected UTI admitted to the emergency departments of 15 hospitals from 2019 to 2023. Urinalysis was performed according to the recommendations of the French Society for Microbiology and bacterial identification was carried out using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion or semi-automated methods and interpreted according to the CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines. Results: Overall, 38,279 bacterial isolates were detected among 33,113 male patients (mean age = 70.7 years). The most frequently encountered pathogen was E. coli (40.0 %) followed by E. faecalis (13.2 %), K. pneumoniae (7.8 %) and P. mirabilis (5.8 %). Overall prevalence of ESBL-E was 9.0 %, represented mainly by K. pneumoniae (22.8 %), E. cloacae complex (19.3 %) and E. coli (8.4 %). Prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole was high (usually > 15-20 %). The resistance rates in E. coli were very low (around 1 %) for fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin, as was the overall prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (0.1 %). In S. aureus, 20.4 % of isolates were resistant to methicillin, and only three vancomycin-resistant enterococci (<0.01 %) were detected. Conclusion: This original study provides recent, nationwide and helpful data on bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance rates of isolates recovered from urines in male patients with suspected UTIs
Conversion during Minimally Invasive Left Pancreatectomy: a nationwide study of causes and consequences
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To identify risk factors for conversion, develop a predictive Conversion Risk Score (CRS), and assess the association between conversion and severe postoperative complications. Background: Conversion occurs in 15-30% of minimally invasive left pancreatectomies (MILP). Risk factors and potential negative impacts on postoperative outcomes are poorly described. Methods: Retrospective, nationwide, multicenter study including all MILP (laparoscopy and robot) performed between 2010 and 2021. Risk factors for conversion were identified by multivariate mixed model, and a CRS was developed on a “training-set” and validated (calibration diagrams and ROC curves) on a “validation-set.” The association between severe complications and conversion was assessed using a propensity score based on the main risk factors for severe complications: age, sex, BMI, ASA score, tumor malignancy, multi-organ resection, operative duration, blood loss, splenectomy. Results: 2104 patients included from 55 centers. Conversion occurred in 15.6% of MILP. Its risk factors were male sex (OR=1.67; P =0.048), BMI≥25 kg/m 2 (OR=2.15; P =0.004), history of laparotomy (OR=2.9; P <0.001), initial pancreatitis (OR=3.58; P =0.007), tumor size≥40 mm (OR=2.12; P =0.003), planned splenectomy (OR=2.63; P <0.001), unplanned splenectomy (OR=4.05; P =0.028), portal vein resection (OR=36.3; P =0.002), multi-organ resection (OR=12.97; P <0.001). A predictive CRS was created based only on preoperatively available variables (the first six), with scores ranging from 0 to 7, corresponding to a conversion risk of 2% to 100%. No association was observed with tumor malignancy, robotic approach, or pancreatectomy volume. Conversion was significantly associated with severe complications [OR=1.80(1.16-2.54)], independent of other risk factors for complications. Conclusions: Conversion during MILP can be predicted by CRS, aiding surgeons in decision-making, given its significant association with severe complications
Théories et pratiques du gouvernement impérial, Empire byzantin, monde islamique, Occident latin (717-1025)
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Diagnostics: Chapter 8 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter presents the activity conducted by the ITPA topical group (TG) on Diagnostics over about the last 15 years. Following a general introduction of the ITER Diagnostics led by their measurement roles, the document is organized in several subchapters detailing the design support, research and development activity conducted by each of the specialist working groups (WGs) of the TG. Please note that the magnetic diagnostics were supported at the TG without a specific WG. Their status is included in the general introduction. In the following some highlights of the subchapter's contents are provided. Recent advances in ITER first wall (FW) diagnostics for the measurements of plasma-metallic wall interaction in support of the ITER research plan are reported. An InfraRed imaging Video Bolometer for ITER has been developed and tested on several tokamaks to measure the radiated power loss. A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique which utilizes a pulsed laser beam to ablate locally by Nucl. Fusion 65 (2025) 113001 Review inconsistencies. Physics-based modeling and parameter relationships provide additional information improving the treatment of ill-posed inversion problems. A coherent combination of all kind of available information within a probabilistic framework allows for improved data analysis results. The concept of integrated data analysis (IDA) in the framework of Bayesian probability theory is outlined and contrasted with conventional data analysis. Components of the probabilistic approach are summarized and specific ingredients beneficial for data analysis at fusion devices are discussed. This paper is part of the Special Issue: On the Path to Tokamak Burning Plasma Operation: A collection of papers prepared by the ITPA Topical Physics Groups reviewing progress in the development of the physics basis for burning plasma operation.</div
Thermodynamics of the metallic fission products: An assessment of the Mo-Pd-Rh-Ru-Tc system
No full textInternational audienceIn irradiated nuclear fuel, Mo, Pd, Rh, Ru and Tc are abundant fission products that form metallic precipitates known as “white phases”. The thermodynamic properties of these alloys are of interest to better predict their thermochemical interactions under operational, accidental, and fuel reprocessing conditions.In this context, a new thermodynamic assessment of the Mo-Pd-Rh-Ru-Tc system was conducted by means of the Calphad method. The modelling was supported by new experimental phase diagram data and new thermodynamic properties from first principles calculations. The Mo-Pd and Mo-Rh binary systems were investigated using thermal analyses (DTA + thermal arrest) and metallographic analyses. The σ-phase extension in Mo-Pd-Ru and Mo-Rh-Ru ternary systems was also considered. The binary mixing enthalpy of bcc, fcc and hcp phases was calculated by combining random phase (SQS) with DFT calculation, complemented by ternary mixing enthalpy of the bcc and fcc phases. The formation enthalpy of some compounds and end-members were determined through DFT calculations
Hippocampal reactivation of aversive experience enables safety learning and slow-breathing state for recovery from stress
No full textAbstract Adaptive threat responses require both defensive behaviours to minimize danger and recovering from the induced physiological stress. However, the behavioural and neural basis of these recuperative strategies are still elusive. Using a novel two-location fear conditioning paradigm in mice, we have identified a slow-breathing immobility state of recovery that emerges when animals identify safe environments after threat avoidance. This immobile state was characterized by a 2-4 Hz breathing profile and replay of the aversive experience in the hippocampus. Suppressing hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) inhibited the emergence of this recovery state, suggesting their role in learning safe locations. Anxiolysis with diazepam directly promoted the recovery state while suppressing SWRs, showing this treatment to be a double-edged sword that facilitates immediate relief but impairs long-term safety learning. These results demonstrate the importance of hippocampal replay for emotional resilience through its role in recovery
Transitions multiphases fractionnaires et partitions minimales non locales : analyse asymptotique et régularité.
No full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of mathematical models for phase transitions involving nonlocal energies. A first part is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of a system of fractional elliptic equations of Allen-Cahn type as a characteristic small parameter tends to zero. It is shown that solutions converge to critical points of a nonlocal geometric energy defined over a class of partitions of the domain. A regularity analysis for solutions of the geometric problem is also performed, in the minimizing and non minimizing case. In the second part, we carry out the asymptotic analysis by Gamma-convergence of the geometric energy as the non locality parameter tends to its critical value. We obtain in the limit a local energy taking the form of a weighted sum of the area of the interfaces within a partition. This study allow us to establish the convergence of local minimizers of the nonlocal geometric energy towards local minimizers of the limiting local energy.Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de modèles mathématiques pour les transitions de phases faisant intervenir des énergies non locales. Une première partie est dédiée à l’analyse asymptotique d’un système d’équations elliptiques fractionnaires de type Allen-Cahn lorsque le petit paramètre caractéristique tend vers zéro. Il est montré que les solutions convergent vers des points critiques d’une énergie géométrique non locale définie sur une classe de partitions du domaine. Une étude de régularité des solutions du problème géométrique est également menée, dans le cadre minimisant et non minimisant. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous effectuons l’analyse asymptotique par Gamma-convergence de l’énergie géométrique lorsque le paramètre de non localité tend vers sa valeur critique. Nous obtenons à la limite une énergie locale de type somme pondérée de l’aire des interfaces d’une partition du domaine. Cette étude nous permet alors de montrer la convergence des minimiseurs locaux de l’énergie géométrique non locale vers ceux de l’énergie locale limite
Compressible Euler equations with time-dependent damping in the critical regularity setting: global well-posedness and strong relaxation limit
No full textWe investigate the relaxation problem and the diffusion phenomenon for the compressible Euler system with a time-dependent damping coefficient of the form µ (1+t) λ in R d (d ≥ 1). We establish uniform regularity estimates with respect to the relaxation parameter ε and prove the global wellposedness of classical solutions to the Cauchy problem. In addition, we justify the global-in-time strong convergence of the solutions towards those of a general porous medium-type diffusion system, with an explicit rate of convergence, and for ill-prepared initial data. The core of our proof relies on a refined hypocoercivity framework combined with a new time-dependent frequency decomposition, both adapted to handle damping terms with time-dependent coefficients. This enables us to treat the overdamped regime λ ∈ (-∞, 0) and the underdamped regime λ ∈ (0, 1) for any µ > 0, and also the borderline critical case λ = 1 under the improved condition µ > 2ε 2 .</div
A new face for the Gravettian. Exceptionnal discovery of a female statuette at Amiens-Renancourt 1 (France)
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Quantum computer formulation of the FKP-operator eigenvalue problem for probabilistic learning on manifolds
No full textInternational audienceWe present a quantum computing formulation to address a challenging problem in the development of probabilistic learning on manifolds (PLoM). It involves solving the spectral problem of the high-dimensional Fokker-Planck (FKP) operator, which remains beyond the reach of classical computing. Our ultimate goal is to develop an efficient approach for practical computations on quantum computers. For now, we focus on an adapted formulation tailored to quantum computing. The methodological aspects covered in this work include the construction of the FKP equation, where the invariant probability measure is derived from a training dataset, and the formulation of the eigenvalue problem for the FKP operator. The eigen equation is transformed into a Schr\"odinger equation with a potential \curV, a non-algebraic function that is neither simple nor a polynomial representation. To address this, we propose a methodology for constructing a multivariate polynomial approximation of \curV, leveraging polynomial chaos expansion within the Gaussian Sobolev space. This approach preserves the algebraic properties of the potential and adapts it for quantum algorithms. The quantum computing formulation employs a finite basis representation, incorporating second quantization with creation and annihilation operators. Explicit formulas for the Laplacian and potential are derived and mapped onto qubits using Pauli matrix expressions. Additionally, we outline the design of quantum circuits and the implementation of measurements to construct and observe specific quantum states. Information is extracted through quantum measurements, with eigenstates constructed and overlap measurements evaluated using universal quantum gates