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Formes politiques du street art et réappropriations de la figure de l’hybride humain/animal
No full textInternational audienceThis paper discusses the ways in which street artists represent human/animal hybrids in public spaces. It analyses several street art pieces with more or less explicitly protest-laden content, produced by artists with varying degrees of political commitment, and seeks to test the hypothesis that human/animal hybridity enables to gauge the political potentialities of street art. Our method is grounded in interdisciplinarity, it resorts to visual arts and visual studies in order to shed new light on sociological, political, and anthropological issues. We set out by defining the status of these hybrid figures in visual arts in general and street art in particular. Such figures have existed in various cultures in many different time periods, and while they bear different meanings depending on when and where they are to be encountered, they do allow artists to challenge categories and categorizations. We then turn to what is specifically political about street art, and on the link between hybrid figures and the politicity of street art. One of the oppositional potentialities of street art owes to the practice itself, especially when illicit. Inscriptions or works of street art in public spaces may or may not convey explicit messages and explicitly political meanings. The degree of intentionality in political affirmation thus varies greatly depending on whether the messages are more or less abstract, cryptic, or explicit. Additionally, a given inscription may or may not be read as political depending on the viewer. We approach several street art pieces representing hybrid figures to show that their political character is multifaceted. Finally, we turn to two specific case studies to discuss how hybrids contribute to street art’s inscription in its various environments. First, we explore Belleville, a neighbourhood of Paris whose history is one of demographic diversity and multiculturalism, where street art is strongly influenced by this history and operates as a site of memory. The second case study is Rio Vermelho, in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil, where hybrids in street art commemorate the dispossession, celebrate endurance, and support the resurgence of Native, Afro-Brazilian, and mixed-raced cultures. Hybrids in street art may thus be seen as powerful vehicles of political resignification and cultural re-territorialization. This interdisciplinary study ultimately sheds light on the variety and originality of the messages of political, identity, and territorial affirmation enabled by hybrids. Due to their indeterminacy and their ambivalent positioning in between two or more species, hybrids in street art operate as prophesying, awareness-raising, and whistle-blowing messengers.Cet article évoque la manière dont des artistes de street art mobilisent la représentation de figures hybrides humains/animaux dans l’espace public. Il analyse plusieurs œuvres de street art au contenu plus ou moins explicitement contestataire, produites par des artistes qui revendiquent à des degrés divers une forme d’engagement politique, et s’appuie sur l’hypothèse suivante : l’hybridité humain/animal offre une clé de compréhension des potentialités politiques du street art. Ce texte adopte une démarche interdisciplinaire qui mobilise les arts et les études visuelles pour apporter un nouvel éclairage sur des questionnements sociologiques, politiques et anthropologiques. Dans un premier temps, il propose de définir le statut de ces figures hybrides dans les arts, et en particulier dans le street art. Elles existent dans de nombreuses cultures, et si leur interprétation varie suivant les époques et les espaces, elles offrent aux artistes la possibilité de questionner les catégories, les frontières. Nous nous penchons ensuite plus spécifiquement sur ce que le street art a de politique et sur le rapport entre sa politicité et la figure de l’hybride. L’une des potentialités oppositionnelles du street art est liée à sa pratique elle-même, en particulier lorsqu’elle est illicite. Les inscriptions ou les œuvres picturales réalisées sur des surfaces situées dans des espaces publics peuvent être vectrices d’un message explicite et d’une signification clairement politique, mais elles peuvent aussi en être dépourvues. On observe ainsi que le degré d’intentionnalité de l’affirmation politique y est très variable, selon que le message est plus ou moins abstrait, cryptique ou explicite. Par ailleurs, une même inscription pourra être lue comme porteuse ou non d’un sens politique selon qui la regarde. Nous abordons plusieurs exemples de réalisations de street art représentant des figures hybrides comme des interventions dont le caractère politique est multiforme. Deux terrains d’observation nous conduisent à discuter, dans un troisième temps, la manière dont les hybrides participent de l’ancrage du street art dans des environnements spécifiques. Nous traitons en premier lieu du quartier de Belleville, à Paris, un espace fortement identifié à son histoire métissée, dans laquelle le street art puise souvent son inspiration pour devenir lieu de mémoire. Le quartier de Rio Vermelho, à Salvador de Bahia au Brésil, révèle quant à lui la pertinence toute particulière que peuvent avoir les hybrides pour commémorer l’effacement, célébrer la permanence et accompagner la résurgence des cultures autochtones, mais aussi afrobrésiliennes et métissées. Dès lors, les hybrides qui peuplent le street art apparaissent comme de puissants vecteurs de resignification politique et de reterritorialisation culturelle. Notre exploration interdisciplinaire met en lumière le fait que ces figures offrent des formes diverses et originales d’affirmation politique, identitaire ou territoriale. Ainsi, du fait de leur indétermination, de leur statut intermédiaire et interespèce, les hybrides jouent, dans le street art comme dans diverses mythologies ou cosmogonies, un rôle de messagers porteurs d’augures, éveilleurs de consciences ou lanceurs d’alerte
Targeting ACE2 with a camelid antibody inhibits SARS-CoV-2 binding and has protective effects in vivo
No full textInternational audienceThe continuous emergence of antibody-escape variants of SARS-CoV-2 demands the identification of alternative methods of protection against infection that do not directly target viral proteins. Here, we generated heavy-chain-only antibody (VHHs) from an alpaca immunized with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), the major entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The VHHs bind hACE2 without affecting its enzymatic activity, and two of them (B07 and B09) inhibit all SARS-CoV-2 isolates tested, including the most recent circulating variants. Their X-ray structure in complex with hACE2 showed that their epitope overlaps with the footprint of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike on hACE2. A dimeric B07-Fc fusion construct avidly bound hACE2 with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.1 nM and inhibited infection in vitro with an IC50 ~ 1 nM. In vivo experiments using K18-hACE2 mice showed that intranasal prophylactic administration of B07-Fc conferred a dose-dependent protection against SARS-CoV-2 D614G and Omicron variants. These VHHs targeting hACE2 represent potential broad-spectrum therapeutic candidates against potential new emerging coronaviruses using hACE2 as a receptor
The E. coli CNF1 toxin induces fetal reprogramming of intestinal stem cells and a serrated colorectal cancer transcriptional signature in organoids
No full textSUMMARY Mechanistic insights are essential to understand how gut microbiota pathobionts contribute to tumorigenesis, given the mounting evidence linking them to colorectal cancer. We report a higher prevalence of the Rho GTPases-targeting cnf1 toxin gene from Escherichia coli in the microbiota of early-stage, proximal colorectal cancer. Comparative gene set enrichment analysis reveals a concordant serrated pathway signature between colorectal cancer tissue of patients colonized with cnf1 + bacteria and CNF1-treated mouse intestinal organoids. RNA sequencing of organoids shows that CNF1 induces a fetal-like transcriptional reprogramming. Using integrated approaches, we demonstrate that CNF1 reprograms Lgr5⁺ stem cells into a Ly6a/Sca-1⁺ fetal-like state, that exhibits enhanced stemness potential. This reprogramming is preceded by a Yap/Taz-driven early transcriptional program and nuclear translocation of Yap. Functional analyses identify a RhoA/Rock–Yap/Taz–dependent transition to Ly6a/Sca-1⁺ stem cells, highlighting a mechanistic link between bacterial effectors and stem cell plasticity in colorectal tumorigenesis
Sequences of surfaces in -manifolds
No full textLet be a sequence of surfaces immersed in a -manifold which converges to a branched surface .\\ We denote by (resp. ) the amount of curvature of the tangent bundles (resp. normal bundles ) which concentrates around a branch point of when goes to infinity. Alternatively measures how much the twistor degrees drop when we go from to . For complex algebraic curves, ..\\ In some instances - 1) if is made up of at most branched disks or 2) if is area minimizing or 3) if the 's are minimal - we show that and we investigate the equality case.\\ When the second fundamental forms of the 's have a common bound, we relate and to the bubbling-off of a current in the Grassmannian . If the 's are minimal, is a complex curve
Disentangling the structure of ecological bipartite networks from observation processes
No full textInternational audienceThe structure of a bipartite interaction network can be described by providing a clustering for each of the two types of nodes. Such clusterings are outputted by fitting a Latent Block Model (LBM) on an observed network that comes from a sampling of species interactions. However, the sampling is limited and possibly uneven. This may jeopardize the fit of the LBM and then the description of the structure of the network by detecting structures resulting from the sampling and not from actual underlying ecological phenomena. If the observed interaction network consists of a weighted bipartite network where the number of observed interactions between two species is available, the sampling efforts for all species can be estimated and used to correct the LBM fit. We propose to combine an observation model that accounts for sampling and an LBM for describing the structure of underlying possible ecological interactions. We develop an original inference procedure for this model, the efficiency of which is demonstrated in simulation studies. Its relevance and its practical interest are attested on a large dataset of plant-pollinator networks, as we observe structural change on most of the networks depending on whether observation processes are accounted for or not
Exploring the Potential of SnHPO3 and Ni3.4Sn4 as Anode Materials in Argyrodite-Based All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries
No full textInternational audienceAll-solid-state batteries have garnered significant attention due to their potential to exceed the energy density of conventional lithium-ion batteries, particularly when alloying-based materials or lithium metal anodes are used. However, achieving compatibility with lithium metal remains a persistent bottleneck. In this study, we shed light on the potential of SnHPO3 tin phosphite and Ni3.4Sn4 intermetallic as novel conversion/alloying anode materials for all-solid-state lithium batteries using Li6PS5Cl as the solid electrolyte. The two Sn-based active materials were nanostructured by ball-milling to demonstrate considerable promise for application in all-solid-state half-cells. Galvanostatic cycling at room temperature revealed electrochemical behavior based on conversion/alloying reactions akin to those observed in conventional lithium-ion batteries. Promisingly, both materials exhibited satisfying electrochemical stability, with coulombic efficiencies exceeding 97%. These findings indicate that Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte is compatible with Sn-based alloying anodes
Travail du lien adolescent et (a)conflictualités au sein des collectifs de soin et d’éducation.
No full textNational audienceLes vulnérabilités institutionnelles, familiales et des adolescents eux-mêmes conduisent souvent à créer des collectifs de soin et d’éducation afin de « se serrer les coudes ». Ces collectifs interprofessionnels, en lien avec les parents, permettent de renforcer la coopération dans le cadre d’un travail en réseau et de construire ensemble du répondant dans l’épreuve. Cependant, les conflictualités propres à la traversée adolescente et aux difficultés des institutions elles-mêmes, se rejouent sur la table de la concertation. Comment ces collectifs temporaires peuvent-ils soutenir des processus de resubjectivation et favoriser une réinscription sociale et scolaire ? Quels sont les obstacles — institutionnels, relationnels ou organisationnels — à ces coopérations ? À partir de travaux de recherche menés sur les questions de décrochage scolaire et de collaborations interprofessionnelles, il s’agit ici de réfléchir aux enjeux du « penser et travailler ensemble » auprès d’adolescents en situation de mésinscription
Agencer des safe spaces en marketing des services : revue de littérature pluridisciplinaire et étude qualitative sur l'expérience vécue dans les lieux de fête
No full textInternational audienc
Established and Emerging Roles of Epigenetic Regulation in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
No full textInternational audienceAn increasing number of individuals are at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its cardiovascular (CV) complications, which challenges healthcare systems with an increased risk of developing CV diseases. Patients with T2DM exhibit a unique cardiac phenotype termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM usually involves complex and multifactorial pathogenic drivers, including myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and early diastolic dysfunction, which potentially evolve into systolic dysfunction and heart failure. There is a lack of effective treatments for DCM on the basis of the complexity of the disease per se and poor understanding of the mechanisms behind disease development and progression. Despite the considerable research attention on the onset of DCM development and progression, understanding of the full spectrum of pathogenic mechanisms has not yet been fully deciphered. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, bromodomain extra-terminal (BET)-containing reader proteins, and RNA-based mechanisms (e.g., miRs, lncRNAs, circRNA), are significantly associated with the initiation and evolution of DCM, particularly in the early stage. In this review, we provide insights into the evidence of epigenetic alterations related to DCM development and progression characteristics. Furthermore, the uniqueness of epigenetic changes in DCM in specific cell types within diabetic hearts is discussed. We also review epigenetic cooperation in the context of DCM development and epigenetic biomarkers related to DCM progression. With recent advancements in technology, epitranscriptomics-related to DCM has been uniquely discussed. Finally, this review may provide new avenues for potential implications for future research and the discovery of novel treatment targets for preventing the onset and progression of DCM