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Comment lire des œuvres « monuments » ? Le cas de la recherche sur Proust et Borges
No full textInternational audienceDans le cadre de mes recherches portant sur Proust et Borges, deux figures canoniques de la modernité littéraire, se pose de manière particulièrement aiguë la question de l’articulation entre distant et close reading. Cette communication propose une réflexion méthodologique sur cinq difficultés majeures rencontrées lors de l’analyse de ces œuvres dites « monuments », dont la richesse et la portée appellent à la fois une lecture exhaustive et un recul critique.La première difficulté tient à la masse même des œuvres : comment envisager une lecture « totale » – de surcroît au milieu des autres sollicitations académiques – de l’ensemble des textes proustiens et borgésiens, entre récits, essais et entretiens ? La deuxième difficulté réside dans l’arbitrage nécessaire concernant la sélection des extraits à analyser : sur quels critères choisir les passages à commenter en profondeur, en close reading ? La troisième touche à la légitimité critique : face à des bibliographies aussi vastes que spécialisées, comment faire entendre une voix propre en distant reading, notamment en littérature générale et comparée, où sont mis en dialogue des textes issus d’aires linguistiques et culturelles très différentes ?J’aborde également un problème spécifique du close reading : celui de l’analyse des traductions de Borges, parfois approximatives ou édulcorées, qui rendent difficile l’interprétation fine de certaines citations. Enfin, j’évoque les enjeux critiques liés à la « magistralité » de ces auteurs : étudier Proust et Borges, c’est aussi interroger les mécanismes de canonisation, c’est-à-dire les dynamiques culturelles, commerciales voire politiques qui tendent à « patrimonialiser » certains « faits » littéraires. Cela suppose de prendre en compte la part de subjectivité dans la lecture et dans la recherche elle-même, notamment dans le cadre de rapports intertextuels ou intersubjectifs comme celui du maître et du disciple (l’entrée thématique choisie pour ma thèse). À partir d’exemples précis, je propose donc une réflexion sur les ajustements méthodologiques rendus nécessaires par l’étude de tels corpus
Myositis-specific autoantibody subtypes are associated with response to Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis
No full textInternational audienceObjectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in a monocentric series of patients with JDM and to identify factors associated with the achievement of clinically inactive disease (CID). Methods Single-centre retrospective study of 39 JDM patients treated with JAKi for at least 6 months. The proportion of patients achieving CID within 6 months after initiation of JAKi was assessed using the PRINTO criteria and the Skin Disease Activity Score. Type 1 IFN gene signature, serum IFN-α and IFN-β protein titres were measured as potential response biomarkers. Results Thirty-nine patients with JDM were included. Partial or complete CID was achieved in 32/39 (82%) patients after 6 months of treatment. In responders, the mean steroid dose decreased from 1 to 0 mg/kg/day (P = 0.001) and all other medications were withdrawn. In multivariable analysis, the presence of anti–transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (anti-TIF1γ) Abs was the only factor at JDM onset associated with the absence of CID (P < 0.001). A significant decrease in the median Type 1 IFN score and serum IFN-α from the diagnosis of JDM to the 6-month follow-up was observed only in patients with CID. JAKi-related adverse events consisted of infections in nine patients (including five herpes zoster infections) and weight gain in three patients. Conclusions JAKi induced CID in the majority of new-onset and refractory JDM patients, except in a subset of patients with refractory TIF1γ-positive JDM. Overall tolerance was acceptable. These results need to be validated in a larger prospective international cohort study
Bipartition du complexe du pléniglaciaire moyen dans les lœss weichseliens du nord de la France : contribution de la séquence d'Haynecourt (Pas-de-Calais)
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Après #MeToo, quelle sexualité dans les entreprises ?
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/apres-metoo-quelle-sexualite-dans-les-entreprises-254891Les entreprises sont à la fois le lieu de rencontres amoureuses et sexuelles et le point de focalisation du phénomène #MeToo qui dénonce les violences sexistes et sexuelles. La recherche en management s’est peu intéressée à ce sujet, qui fait l’objet d’un colloque organisé à l’IAE Paris-Est afin d’apporter de premiers éclairages à la question suivante : comment le mouvement #MeToo est-il vécu dans le monde professionnel
Combining diversified prairies with wheat to promote beneficial plant-soil ecological interactions and the coupling of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles in agroecosystems
No full textInternational audienceMobilizing plant functional diversity appears as a promising avenue to promote agroecosystems multifunctionality and stability in order to face agriculture challenges in terms of production, limitation of inputs, conservation of soils, and mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions. In natural or semi-natural ecosystems, a high level of plant functional diversity might trigger beneficial plant-soil ecological interactions, leading to several mechanisms of coordination over time between plant nutrient demand and soil offer (i.e., “synchrony”). As perennial prairies can reach a considerable degree of functional diversity within a small area, their implementation with crops can be a precious lever to promote such mechanisms. Among those, a seasonal scale coordination between plants nutrient demand and the relative balance between microbial construction and microbial decomposition of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) was associated with prairies encompassing fast-growing species. This leads to improved plant primary productivity combined with reduced nutrient losses, and increased microbial originated carbon (C) storage in the soil. Moreover, the modulation of nitrogen (N) symbiotic fixation depending on photosynthesis activity by legumes within the prairies allows N enrichment of the agroecosystem. We conceived an experimental design with new agroecosystems called “agroprairies” which gather perennial diversified prairies and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivated in alternating bands. Four functionally different prairies were designed to vary across nutrient acquisition strategies and proportion of legumes. The experiment also included plots with each cover grown alone, as well as a perennial crop (Thinopyrum intermedium). We explored the effects of plant functional diversity on soil biogeochemical C and N cycles and soil microbial communities and activities. We conducted measurements of plant production, soil microbial C dynamics (microbial C use efficiency, soil microbial respiration, microbial biomass, microbial growth), five hydrolytic or oxidative exoenzyme activities related to C, N and phosphorus (P) cycles and abundances of the soil microbial communities (bacteria, archaea and fungi). These measurements were performed in January 2024 during winter at a time where plant nutrient demand is low, and in May 2024 at the maximum plant biomass production. We found that soil biogeochemical C and N cycles and abundances and activities of microbial communities strongly varied between January and May, and that some of these variables, as well as the production of wheat differed depending on the functional characteristics of the prairies
Microplastiques dans les sédiments fluviaux : une importante hétérogénéité à l’échelle de la bande de sédimentation active
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L'intelligence artificielle générative d'images dans le secteur de l'illustration des jeux de société
No full textInternational audienceNotre article présente un projet de recherche débuté en novembre 2024 concernant les conséquences de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) générative d'images sur le secteur d'activités du jeu de société et, plus précisément, sur le métier d'illustrateur de jeux de société. Il s'agit donc actuellement d'un travail exploratoire afin d'appréhender les premières tendances comme les travaux de l'association loi 1901 La charte des Illustrateur•rices Ludiques (CIL). Cette réaction d'une profession, principalement composée de travailleurs indépendants, est particulièrement intéressante à étudier à l'aune des concepts de digital undertow et de sociomatérialité forte (Scott & Orlikowski, 2021 ; Orlikowski & Scott, 2023), surtout dans un contexte où l'ensemble du secteur tente de faire reconnaître le jeu de société comme un objet culturel par le législateur
Multimodal Pragmatic Markers of Feedback in Dialogue
No full textInternational audienceHistorically, the field of discourse marker research has moved from relying on intuition to more and more ecological data, with written, spoken, and now multimodal corpora available to study these pervasive pragmatic devices. For some topics, video is necessary to capture the complexity of interactive phenomena, such as feedback in dialogue. Feedback is the process of communicating engagement, alignment, and affiliation (or lack thereof) to the other speaker, and has attracted a lot of attention recently, from fields such as psycholinguistics, conversation analysis, or second language acquisition. Feedback can be expressed by a variety of verbal/vocal and visual/gestural devices, from questions to head nods and, crucially, discourse or pragmatic markers such as "okay, alright, yeah". Verbal-vocal and visual-gestural forms often co-occur, which calls for more investigation of their combinations. In this study, we analyze multimodal pragmatic markers of feedback in a corpus of French dialogues, where all feedback devices have previously been categorized into either "alignment" (expression of mutual understanding) or "affiliation" (expression of shared stance). After describing the distribution and forms within each modality taken separately, we will focus on interesting multimodal combinations, such as [negative oui 'yes' + head tilt] or [mais oui 'but yes' + forward head move], thus showing how the visual modality can affect the semantics of verbal markers. In doing so, we will contribute to defining multimodal pragmatic markers, a status which has so far been restricted to verbal markers and manual gestures, at the expense of other devices in the visual modality
Clinical profile, short and long-term outcomes of non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock: A FRENSHOCK sub-analysis
No full textInternational audienceAims: Although predominant in routine practice, non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock (NICS) remains underrepresented in past studies, mainly focused on ischaemic cardiogenic shock (CS). This study aims to describe the current NICS picture and define its independent correlates of short- and long-term outcomes.Methods and results: FRENSHOCK is a prospective registry including 772 CS patients from 49 centers. One-year mortality was the primary outcome. One-month mortality and the composite of 1-year mortality, heart transplantation (HTx), or ventricular assistance device (VAD) were secondary outcomes. Within 772 patients included, 492 (63.7%) were NICS. One-month and 1-year mortality rates were 25.6% and 45.7%, with a combined endpoint of 1-year mortality, HTx, or VAD of 53.9%. Multivariate analysis showed five independent factors for 1-year mortality: age (per year: aHR 1.03 [1.01-1.05], P < 0.01), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (aHR 1.87 [1.25-2.80], P < 0.01), norepinephrine use (aHR 1.52 [1.02-2.26], P = 0.04), active cancer (aHR 1.91 [1.07-3.42], P = 0.03) and acute renal replacement therapy (aHR 1.57 [1.01-2.46], P = 0.049). Age, CKD and norepinephrine were also predictive of 1-month mortality and 1-year mortality and/or HTx and/or VAD. Additionally, 1-month mortality was associated with septic triggers, and 1-year mortality and/or HTx and/or VAD with acute mechanical circulatory support, NYHA stage ≥ 3 and fluid administration.Conclusions: In this large study, NICS accounted for almost two-thirds of all CS cases, with substantial rates of short- and long-term mortality. Future studies should evaluate interventions to improve early stratification and management. NCT02703038
The association between the type of bystander and survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A French nationwide study.
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundEarly bystander interventions are associated with more favorable outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the type of bystander-patient relationship was associated with survival and neurological outcomes after OHCA in France.MethodsWe analyzed data registered in the French National Cardiac Arrest Registry (RéAC) between July 1st, 2011, and April 30th, 2023. The study population comprised bystander-attended cases of OHCA managed by the emergency medical services. Bystanders were categorized as family members, other laypersons, off-duty professional first responders, or off-duty healthcare professionals. The primary outcome was 30-day survival with a favorable neurological outcome (Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2). The secondary outcomes included the bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) initiation rate, return of spontaneous circulation, and survival upon admission to the hospital. Our statistical analyses were based on bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions analyses.ResultsAmong the 89,861 OHCA cases analyzed, family members constituted the largest group of bystanders (69.2%). Compared with non-family-member bystanders, family bystander status was associated with a lower CPR initiation rate, a longer no-flow time, and lower 30-day survival rates. Specifically, cases of OHCA with non-family-member bystanders were 32% more likely to survive with a CPC of 1–2 at day 30 than cases with family member bystanders. Medically trained bystander status (off-duty professional first responders and healthcare professionals) was associated with higher CPR initiation and 30-day survival rates, relative to nontrained laypersons.ConclusionsSurvival after an OHCA appears to be associated with the type of bystander. Although family members were the most common bystanders, they were less likely to initiate CPR and less likely to see the OHCA patient survive. Efforts to increase the post-OHCA survival rate should include targeted interventions (such as public education and training programs) that emphasize the importance of early CPR and automated external defibrillator use by family members