Publications scientifiques de l'EnvA
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Maternal oral supplementation with Saccharomyces boulardii I-1079 during gestation and early lactation impacts the early growth rate and metabolic profile of newborn puppies
No full textInternational audienceNutritional programming is a manipulation of fetal and neonatal development through maternal feeding. In humans and pigs, maternal yeast supplementation was demonstrated as a promising approach to positively modulate newborns’ health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SB) supplementation in pregnant and lactating bitches on the newborns’ early growth rate (EGR, between birth and two days of life), metabolic profiles, and the association between both of them. A total of 17 female dogs and their 81 puppies were included. From day 28 of gestation until the end of the study, bitches were divided into two groups, one of which received orally 1.3109 colony forming units of live yeast per day. Puppies from mothers receiving the live yeast were defined as the SB group (n=40) and the others were defined as the placebo group (n=41). For each puppy, EGR was calculated, and blood and urine samples were collected at D2 for metabolome analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). Puppies from SB group presented higher EGR compared with the placebo group (12% vs 7%; p=0.049). According to the Sparse Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA), both urine and serum metabolome profiles were significantly different between the two groups with a total of 29 discriminating metabolites in urine and serum. Fourteen of them were implicated in the nitrogen metabolism pathway including, gamma-aminobutyrate, 3 methyl-l-histidine and xanthosine (less abundant in SB compared with placebo group, all p < 0.05), adenine, aspartate and proline (more abundant in SB compared with placebo group, all p<0.05). Metabolic pathways pointed to proline synthesis, a crucial component in collagen synthesis and osteoarticular system development. Urinary proline abundance was positively correlated with EGR (r=0.45; p<0.001). These findings highlight the potential benefits of maternal supplementation with SB promoting early neonatal growth, essential for the neonatal survival, through nitrogen metabolism orientation
21 Functional and structural characterization of equine clone placentas with regards to foal outcome
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Two Human Infections with Diverse Europe-1 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains, North Macedonia, 2024
No full textInternational audienceUntil 2023, North Macedonia had not reported a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) case for >50 years. In 2024, increased clinical vigilance identified and characterized 2 novel CCHF cases. Genetic analysis and the identification of possible reassortment indicate North Macedonia as an interaction zone between CCHF virus isolates from Turkey and Kosovo
New insights into the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic potential of the TickCore3 peptide against Fusarium species causing Fusarium head blight
No full textInternational audienceCereal crops are frequently affected by Fusarium species that are responsible for the devastating fungal disease Fusarium head blight (FHB). These Fusarium species are also capable of producing mycotoxins that accumulate in grains. Reducing the use of synthetic fungicides in agriculture while guaranteeing low levels of mycotoxin contamination in crops requires the development of innovative and environment-friendly solutions. TickCore3 (TC3) is the γ-core of the Ixodes ricinus tick defensin DefMT3. This peptide was previously reported as a potent antifungal and anti-mycotoxin agent, but was only tested against one strain of Fusarium graminearum, which is only one of the species causing FHB. In this study, we demonstrated that the peptide was active against major Fusarium species infecting wheat and could mitigate the accumulation of various mycotoxins. Fungal susceptibility to TC3 was shown to vary significantly according to the species and the strain as well. We found that TC3 is highly efficient when applied to the spores and has a strong anti-germination activity. Using a FITC-labeled TC3 peptide and confocal microscopy, we showed that TC3 has a strong affinity for the conidia surface and surrounds these fungal structures. Finally, the implementation of in planta tests demonstrated the bioactivity of TC3 when applied on wheat leaves. This study provides additional convincing results supporting the huge potential of TC3 as a novel and efficient antifungal agent to control FHB
Avis de l'Anses relatif à « la réévaluation des mesures de gestion IAHP au regard de la stratégie de vaccination actuelle »
No full textAu cours de la dernière décennie, l’Europe a connu plusieurs épizooties majeures d’Influenza aviaire hautement pathogène (IAHP) dont l’épizootie de 2021-2022, d’une ampleur sans précédent en France, avec plus de 1 300 foyers détectés dans les élevages de volailles domestiques. Durant la saison 2023-2024 (du 1er août 2023 au 31 juillet 2024), une moindre circulation de virus de l’IAHP a été observée dans la faune sauvage, chez les oiseaux captifs et les volailles domestiques. En France, un faible nombre de foyers d’IAHP chez des volailles domestiques a ainsi été constaté entre le démarrage de la campagne de vaccination IAHP le 1er octobre 2023 et le mois de juin 2024. Il convient désormais d’évaluer les causes possibles de cette situation.Par ailleurs, la vaccination IAHP a donné un nouvel espoir à la filière volaille, qui avait subi les conséquences néfastes d’une circulation virale exceptionnelle ces dernières saisons. Si la biosécurité est entendue par tous comme étant la pierre angulaire de la prévention de la maladie, les mesures de mise à l’abri restent contraignantes, notamment dans un contexte où le niveau de risque a été abaissé tardivement les saisons passées. En effet, si pour la saison actuelle le contexte épidémiologique favorable a permis d’abaisser le niveau de risque à « négligeable » le 3 mai 2024, celui-ci n’a été atteint qu’au 7 juillet en 2023 et au 3 juin en 2022. Ceci a des conséquences sur le bien-être des animaux liées à l’allongement de la durée du jour, l’augmentation de l’intensité lumineuse et la hausse des températures.Un retour d’expérience sur les six premiers mois de la vaccination IAHP a été réalisé par l’unité EPISABE (Épidémiologie, santé et bien-être) de l’Anses avec l’appui de la DGAL. Ce retour est essentiel pour éclairer les décisions concernant d'éventuels ajustements et l'évolution de la prochaine campagne de vaccination, et les allègements nécessaires pour répondre aux demandes des professionnels. Les résultats complets de ce retour d’expérience ont été mis à disposition des experts du GT dans le cadre de la présente saisine, fin juillet 2024.Dans ce contexte, deux questions sont posées à l’Anses :1. « Quels sont les facteurs ayant contribué à l’amélioration de la situation épizootique vis-à-vis du virus de l’IAHP sur le territoire métropolitain dans un contexte de vaccination contre cette maladie ? Pour répondre à cette question vous pouvez vous appuyer sur le bilan épidémiologique de l’unité EPISABE de l’Anses attendu en juin 2024.2. Réévaluer les mesures de mise à l’abri au regard de la mise en œuvre d’une vaccination IAHP préventive des canards. Cette réévaluation porte sur les mesures appliquées aux canards, ainsi qu’aux autres volailles détenues. » [Saisines liées n°2022-SA-0157 et 2022-SA-0165
Interaction dynamics of Borrelia afzelii and tick-borne encephalitis virus in C3H mice: insights into immune response
No full textInternational audienceTicks are important vectors responsible for transmitting a wide range of diseases that have significant impacts on both human and animal health. In Europe, the Ixodes tick is especially remarkable for its ability to spread pathogens such as Borrelia, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which can lead to serious neurological infections. Building on the results of our previous research involving co-infection with Borrelia afzelii and TBEV in C3H mice, this study aimed to further investigate the interactions between these two pathogens, focusing on the timing of infection and examining mRNA cytokine levels in the brain and spleen of both single-and co-infected mice and their possible link to the clinical outcome. The results revealed that the timing of infection significantly influenced the immune response, highlighting the complex interactions between B. afzelii and TBEV. B. afzelii infection can influence TBEV dynamics, either amplifying or suppressing its effects depending on the timing of infection. In addition, this study helps to better understand how the immune system reacts when both TBEV and B. afzelii infect a host under different conditions. It sheds light on how these pathogens interact and affect disease progression
La France métropolitaine a conservé son statut indemne de brucellose des petits ruminants en 2023 et 2024
No full textInternational audienceSince 2021, all departments in mainland France have been recognized by the European Union as officially free of brucellosis in small ruminants. Passive surveillance (based on abortions notification) and programmed surveillance (by serological screening) showed no outbreaks of brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus or Brucella melitensis in sheep and goat farms in mainland France in 2023 and 2024. As in previous years, this assessment suggests that farmers awareness of the need to report abortions ts very low, and that differential diagnostic systems need to be deployed more widely.Depuis 2021, tous les départements hexagonaux sont reconnus officiellement indemnes de brucellose des petits ruminants par l'Union Européenne. Les dispositifs de surveillance évènementielle (fondée sur la déclaration des avortements) et programmée (par dépistage sérologique) ont montré l'absence de foyers de brucellose à Brucella abortus ou Brucella melitensis en élevage ovin-caprin en France métrapoltaine en 2023 et 2024. Comme pour les années précédentes, ce bilan suggère une très faible sensibilisation des éleveurs à la déclaration des avortements et la nécessité de déployer à plus large échelleles dispositifs de diagnostic différentiel
SARS-CoV-2 exposure in dogs before and after the largest COVID-19 wave in rural Guatemala, 2022
No full textInternational audienceThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disproportionately burdened low- and mid-income countries during many waves of high transmission, particularly in rural communities. We tested whether dogs from rural households were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 before and after the largest COVID-19 wave in Guatemala. We tested dogs in June and August 2022, before the rise and after the initial peak of the second Omicron wave, respectively. None of the 133 dogs tested (63 tested in June and 70 tested in August) had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory swabs. Three dogs in June and ve dogs in August had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Risk factor analysis showed that the largest COVID-19 wave in Guatemala did not increase dog exposure to SARS-CoV-2. However,dogs with outdoor access had higher odds of infection compared to indoors-only dogs. Public health interventions should provide education regarding pet roaming practices to mitigate the spread of zoonotic diseases in rural areas
Descriptive Analysis and Factors Associated With Relapse in Dogs With Presumptive Idiopathic Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is a joint disease common in dogs. Although its prognosis is generally favorable, relapses are frequent, and predictive factors for relapse remain poorly characterized. Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of medical management of IMPA in dogs and identify predictive factors for relapse. Animals: Client-owned dogs diagnosed with non-associative IMPA between 2010 and 2022 across four veterinary referral centers. Methods: This was a retrospective multicentric study. The data collected at the time of diagnosis, including signalment, clinical presentation, imaging, and laboratory findings, and treatments, were analyzed. Relapse was defined as the recurrence of clinical signs, CRP levels above the reference range, or both after remission. Associations with time from remission to relapse were assessed using univariate and multivariable Cox models. Results: Among 119 dogs, 114 (95.8%) achieved remission. Among the 85 dogs with relapse data, the median time to relapse was 6.5 months, with relapse rates of 43% at 6 months, 61% at 12 months, and 65% at 24 months. In the multivariable analysis, thrombocytosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 5.5 [2.0-15.0] 95% , p < 0.001), lymphadenomegaly (aHR = 4.0 [1.5-11] 95% , p = 0.006) and lameness (aHR = 3.9 [1.2-12.2] 95% , p = 0.02) at initial admission were independently and significantly associated with time from remission to relapse. Conclusion:This study highlights a favorable clinical outcome for dogs with non-associative IMPA with high remission rates but substantial relapse risks. Lameness, lymphadenomegaly, and thrombocytosis are associated with a greater risk of relapse.</div
