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Adaptive business arrangements and the creation of social capital: towards small‐scale fisheries resilience in different European geographical areas
No full textInternational audienceEuropean small-scale fisheries are confronted with several challenges, notably a decrease in the number of people engaged in capture fishing, growing competition from less expensive extra-EU markets, rising operational costs, strict regulations and the depletion of fishing stocks. Many small-scale fishers must adapt to change to maintain or increase their income using different business strategies. In this respect, we argue that new and diversified institutional arrangements combined with building social capital can help reach long-term economic sustainability for small-scale fisheries businesses, as well as the social-ecological resilience of coastal areas. In order to understand and analyse the multiplicity of strategies applied by small-scale fishers – including expansion towards non–productivist activities – this paper examines the role of new institutional arrangements based on small-scale, traditional, quality-orientated, multifunctional business strategies, as well as non-fishing activities. Using a case study approach, we analyse – in three different European fishery contexts (Greece, Italy, and the UK respectively) – how the interplay between building adaptive arrangements and the creation of social capital in selected small-scale fisheries provides relevant prerequisites for resilience
The future of small farms and small food businesses as actors in regional food security: a participatory scenario analysis from Europe and Africa
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents the cross-regional comparative analysis of a participatory scenario planning exercise conducted in 13 regions of 13 countries in both Europe and Africa as part of the H2020 research project SALSA “Small farms, small food business and sustainable food security”. The objective of the analysis is threefold: (i) to better understand how small farms and small food businesses would perform, in terms of their contribution to regional food and nutrition security, in a set of common scenarios for the year 2050; (ii) to assess how the evolution of certain drivers of change could impact on their future situation, and (iii) to derive some policy implications aimed to preserve and strengthen their capacity to contribute to food and nutrition security
Reconfiguration of food value chains – between logistics and traceability
No full textNational audienceThe rise of digitalisation is fueling a dynamics of reconfiguration of food value chains. This article explores two rising challenges: Logistics and traceability. These issues are crucial for food value chains because of the very specific characteristics of food products, such as perishability, shelf life constraints, quality variability, sanitary risks, market uncertainty, and the increasing distance between producer and consumer due to the markets’ globalization
Improved land governance and halting land degradation: the central role of property rights and social processes
No full textJust like climate hazards, land degradation is the result of human activities that overexploit ecosystems. Yet, there are very few empty places where no property rights to land and other natural resources exist. Ecological interventions usually take place in areas that have been occupied, appropriated and used by local people for many years, according to their own rules-whether for agricultural, pastoral or extractivist ends. Land rehabilitation interventions cannot be limited to physical and biological measures. They must take into account the users of the different resources and their associated rightsJust like climate hazards, land degradation is the result of human activities that overexploit ecosystems. Yet, there are very few empty places where no property rights to land and other natural resources exist. Ecological interventions usually take place in areas that have been occupied, appropriated and used by local people for many years, according to their own rules-whether for agricultural, pastoral or extractivist ends. Land rehabilitation interventions cannot be limited to physical and biological measures. They must take into account the users of the different resources and their associated rights
Implementation of circular business models for olive oil waste and by-product valorization
No full textInternational audienceMediterranean olive oil producers have multiple incentives for adopting circular business models and better resource management, facing water scarcity and huge amounts of waste, but also seeing new opportunities for value creation. This article aimed to understand how circular business models valorizing olive oil waste and by-products are implemented. Ten business cases from six Mediterranean countries were studied, mainly based on semi-structured interviews with enterprise managers. Data were analyzed according to the business model canvas elements, success factors, and barriers while considering the institutional context. The results highlight the diversity of activities, types of resources used, and partnerships and products offered in different market segments. The principles of biowaste conversion and circularity, such as cascading, upcycling, recycling, and recovering, are all applied. The key success factors comprise an environmental concern, knowledge about biotechnologies, markets and logistics, a long-term commitment to the sector, local availability of resources, legislation, subsidies, and product acceptance by consumers. The main barriers include a lack of specific public financial support, an insufficient knowledge transfer from research to olive oil producers, and a lack of articulation of needs for research by the enterprises. More public-private collaborations and multi-stakeholder projects are needed for further shifting to a circular economy in the olive oil sector
A bio-economic model for improving irrigated durum wheat performance and regional profits under mediterranean conditions
No full textInternational audienceIrrigated durum wheat is a staple food crop that occupies important areas in Tunisia. However, its performance remains weak, with an average national yield of no more than 7 tons ha−1 and low profitability. Overall, on-farm wheat production will need to increase considerably to meet future demand and ensure minimum profitability for farmers. To this end, this study aims to identify the main levers for improving durum wheat crop performance. For this purpose, we have developed a regional bio-economic model by linking a biophysical model (CROPSYST) with an economic optimization model (MORBIT). CROPSYST was used to establish a database with a view to determining the relationships between farming practices, durum wheat yields, and water productivity within a context of high climate variability. The database was then integrated into a MORBIT model that analyzed the effects of farming practices on durum wheat performance and regional profits. Three scenarios related to irrigation control and the increase in durum wheat prices were developed. The results showed that reconciling irrigation practices with economic policies is the best alternative to improve durum wheat performance and increase profits at a regional level
Examining farmers’ adoption decisions towards precision-agricultural practices in Greek dairy cattle farms
No full textInternational audienceNowadays, the sustainability of Greek dairy cattle farms is questionable due to low competitiveness and high GHG emissions. In this context, the BIOCIRCULAR project, funded by the EYDE ETAK, developed a series of alternative practices focusing on precision agriculture principles. However, the adoption of any practice from farmers is not a given, and depends on several determinants. Hence, the objective of this study is to examine farmers’ adoption decisions regarding precision-agricultural practices in Greek dairy production systems, as well as the economic and environmental impacts of this adoption. In order to achieve this, a bio-economic model was developed based on mathematical programming methods. The proposed model simulates a large number of dairy cattle farms with or without crop production, including different management strategies and their relevant costs, and provides an environmental assessment of the adopted practices based on GHG emissions. Moreover, in order to analyze farmers’ adoption decisions, different policy measures, linked to various environmental outcomes, were examined. The results highlighted that the adoption of precision-agricultural practices led to significantly better economic and environmental outcomes. Furthermore, it was found that different levels of incentives can be efficiently targeted to encourage the adoption of new feeds and, more broadly, to secure the sustainability of the sector
Analyse de la mise en place de l’Indication Géographique "DegletNour de Tolga"
No full textCe travail se fait dans le cadre de l'élaboration d'une thèse en vue de l'obtention d'un diplôme de master of sience à l'institut agronomioque meditéranéen de Montpellier. Ce sujet vient renforcer une dynamique de recherche lancé par le projet Arimnet – Value Team. Le principal objectif de ce projet est d'explorer les moyens d'améliorer la valorisation de la filière dattes dans trois pays du sud de la Méditerranée Algérie, Maroc et Tunisie. L'analyse des contraintes et des opportunités liées au développement national et international du secteur dattes dans ces pays en à travers la mise en place de labels de qualité est l'un des axes du projet Valueteam.International audienceLa présente étude consiste à analyser la mise en place de processus de labellisation IG des dattes Deglet Nour de Tolga en Algérie et dont l’objectif est de déterminer les facteurs clés de succès ou de freins à cette la labellisation. Par le biais d’entretiens semi-directifs avec des personnes ressources et l’exploitation de la littérature existante, l’analyse porte sur l’examen des contenus des cahiers des charges et des stratégies des acteurs
Identifying drivers of inequalities that induce food insecurity and nutrition with a food system approach: case study of Ghana
No full textAbstract and oral presentationInternational audienc
Ecological-economic modeling of pollination complexity and pesticide use in agricultural crops
No full textInternational audienceRecent years have witnessed a substantial decline of both managed and wild bees in Europe due to the increase of pesticides use. Hence, many European agricultural systems depend on the buy/rental of managed bees in order to maintain sufficient levels of pollination services. However, this substitution of wild bees by managed ones apart from costly may be also ineffective as managed bees are not perfect substitutes for wild ones. In fact, a plethora of ecological studies showed that the presence of both bee species in the field and their complementarity effect generates an enhanced pollination activity which optimizes production. This study tries to evaluate this effect by developing an analytical ecological-economic model displaying farmer’s decisions between two agricultural inputs, pollination services and pesticides. Our results highlight that the economic value of this complementarity may offer to farmers an alternative optimum management strategy. This strategy lies on the production range where managed bees are working together with wild ones, offering an enhanced pollination to the crop production. Moreover, we showed that the adoption of a less toxic pesticide or better application methods by the farmers should increase the wild bees’ productivity and consequently, the total economic value of pollinators