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La «Mediterraneización» de las tendencias alimentarias en el mundo
No full textCapitulo 6. Part 2 : La alimentacion y la dinámica socioculturalInternational audience¿Constituye la alimentación mediterránea una ventaja o es más bien un riesgo para el desa rrollo de la región? Indiscutiblemente, está siendo la gran protagonista del panorama informativo a escala internacional; y para convencerse de ello basta simplemente con referirse a los casi 3,5 millones de páginas en Google dedicadas a este tema. Si el discurso comercial, político, científico, gira en torno a las múltiples ventajas de esta alimentación, habría que preguntarse si esto redundará en una oportunidad para la Dieta Mediterránea. Resulta asombrosamente paradójico que en los países mediterráneos se produzca una explosión de enfermedades crónicas asociadas a la alimentación, cuando se supone que esta dieta permite controlar la obesidad. Sin embargo, el Mediterráneo se proyecta no solo como «saludable», sino también como exponente del «vivir bien» y de promesa de felicidad, a pesar de que la situación se vaya deteriorando. Y esto implica un importante riesgo para la imagen que se transmite al mundo y para los productores que viven de ella
Sustainability of the food chain from field to plate: the case of the Mediterranean diet
No full textProceedings of the International Scientific Symposium : Biodiversity and Sustainable Diets United against Hunger, 2010/11/03-05, Rome (Italie)International audienceThe Mediterranean diet is considered as a paragon among the world's diets. The reference is the diet of Crete in the late 1960s. Is it provided sustainable? Various authors have commented on the design of sustainable food. Some emphasize healthy food and alternative agriculture, while others focus on the link between health and welfare, or environmental practices on consumers. For us sustainable food is the one that combines the protection of nutrients, environmental conservation, community development through social aspects. The traditional Mediterranean diet may be considered as sustainable in part because of (i) a great diversity that ensures food nutritional quality of diet and biodiversity, (ii) a variety of food practices and food preparation techniques, (iii) main foodstuffs demonstrated as beneficial to health as olive oil, fish, fruits and vegetable, pulses, fermented milk, spices, (iv) a strong commitment to culture and traditions, (v) a respect for human nature and seasonality, (vi) a diversity of landscapes that contribute to the wellbeing, (vii) a diet with low environmental impact due to low consumption of animal products. However, trends in plant breeding on an economic base, intensive modes of production and greenhouse production, higher consumption of meat, industrialization of food, endanger the sustainability of food systems. No analysis of social impact has been achieved. We cannot conclude on this aspect of sustainability, nor on the environmental impact of the food chain. In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet has numerous virtues. We must ensure that modernity and globalization do not alter its characteristics of sustainability
A review of the national and international agro-food policies and institutions in the Mediterranean Region [Synthesis]
No full textWP2T2 "A review of the national and international agro-food policies and institutions in the Mediterranean Region" - Deliverable D09 "Report on global and sectorial policies in the MPC’s and in the EU". Projet FP7 : SUSTAINMED - Sustainable agri-food systems and rural development in the Mediterranean Partner Countries.International audienceThis synthesised report aims at providing a comparative view of agricultural sectors and policies in the MPC, based on the individual country reports and expanding the gathered information. It offers an overall depiction of the whole MPC region under investigation and a comparative perspective, along with a summary of the key country characteristics. More in-depth, country-specific information should be sought within the country reports. In this sense, this report should be examined together with the individual country reports from which, country-related information have been extracted. References to the country reports are omitted for simplicity reasons, as it is defined that they constitute the basis of this report. In addition, and for the same reason, all references made within the country reports have been also omitted. Detailed reference sources can be found within the country reports. Any reference to additional sources, not referred to in the country reports, is explicitly mentioned. In Annex II, following the Mediterranean Partner Countries’ reports, a report entitled “Euro-Mediterranean policy and other ongoing processes and their main impact on Mediterranean Partner Countries” is given, in which the relations between the EU and the MPC under the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership (i.e. Barcelona process) are analysed
Annexes : Séminaire international : Les Systèmes de Surveillance, Outils de Gestion, de Planification et de Mise en Oeuvre Synergique des Conventions Environnementales : Enjeux et Défis au Circum Sahara
No full textSéminaire international : Les Systèmes de Surveillance, Outils de Gestion, de Planification et de Mise en Oeuvre Synergique des Conventions Environnementales : Enjeux et Défis au Circum Sahara, 2011/06/01-02, Tunis (Tunisie)International audienc
Indicateurs et diagnostic de la pollution phytosanitaire diffuse d’origine agricoles : construction d’un indicateur de risque de toxicité environnementale (IRTE)
No full textSession 3 : Qualité de l’air, de l’eau, des sols et des aliments, écotoxicologieNational audienc
Legal protection of mediterranean products
No full textChapter 16. Part 6 : Law and tradeInternational audienceThe legitimacy of a mark referring to a terroir, or local area, depends on the relationship of trust between consumers and producers. There is no objective proof attesting to the authenticity of a particular know-how. Historical depth depends on temporal and spatial awareness. A relationship of trust crystallises in the name or mark used to designate a product. Marks acquire legitimacy on the basis of the reputation of a product or terroir, which is built on know-how and history relating to practices. The present paper, which combines a historical and critical approach, examines the circumstances in which these quality and origin marks emerge and spread. Multi-actor initiatives based on private or public standards rely on the economic reasoning of differentiation and market segmentation. Distinctive marks are attractive in terms of possible competitive advantages and the asset of protecting market positioning, since they bestow an exclusive title, which excludes competition. Distinctive marks are governed and managed by administrations, the guardians of doctrine, and have been the subject of compromise throughout their history. France and Europe are the bedrock of designations of origin designed to guarantee the protection of brands that are reputed for their producers’ practical know-how. Roquefort and Parmesan are emblematic of these leading trade names, which are protected against imitations by national law. Since the early 1990s, there have been shifts in meaning and practice between protection through intellectual property rights and quality control procedures. Analysis of European policies and the policies of the southern Mediterranean countries shows that legal tools and efforts to comply with the corpus of global trade rules have been developing as the result of the spread of the origin and quality model. The ability to modify standards and to steer the direction of their development is a challenge raised by international competition
Diverse ecological, economic and socio-cultural values of a traditional common natural resource management system in the Moroccan High Atlas: the Aït Ikiss Tagdalts
No full textInternational audienceThis study examines the multiple dimensions of the agdal system, a traditional Berber form of environmental management that regulates access to communal natural resources so as to allow the regeneration of natural resources. In fact, this ingenious system of agro-pastoral land rotation is ultimately beneficial for the conservation of the bio-physical environment, the performance of the present-day local economy and the maintenance of prevailing social cohesion and cultural coherence. Hence, agdals constitute a key element for the reinforcement of the sustainability of existing agro-pastoral societies and ecosystems, but need to be better understood in order to explore necessary adaptations in the changing world of today
Sustainability of irrigated farming systems in a Tunisian region: A recursive stochastic programming analysis
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of farm irrigation systems in the Cébalat district in northern Tunisia. It addressed the challenging topic of sustainable agriculture through a bio-economic approach linking a biophysical model to an economic optimisation model. A crop growth simulation model (CropSyst) was used to build a database to determine the relationships between agricultural practices, crop yields and environmental effects (salt accumulation in soil and leaching of nitrates) in a context of high climatic variability. The database was then fed into a recursive stochastic model set for a 10-year plan that allowed analysing the effects of cropping patterns on farm income, salt accumulation and nitrate leaching. We assumed that the long-term sustainability of soil productivity might be in con- flict with farm profitability in the short-term. Assuming a discount rate of 10% (for the base scenario), the model closely reproduced the current system and allowed to predict the degradation of soil quality due to long-term salt accumulation. The results showed that there was more accumulation of salt in the soil for the base scenario than for the alternative scenario (discount rate of 0%). This result was induced by apply- ing a higher quantity of water per hectare for the alternative as compared to a base scenario. The results also showed that nitrogen leaching is very low for the two discount rates and all climate scenarios. In conclusion, the results show that the difference in farm income between the alternative and base scenar- ios increases over time to attain 45% after 10 years
