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Aux origines paysannes et rurales des bouleversements politiques en Afrique du Nord : l’exception algérienne
No full textInternational audienceNombre de révolutions politiques dans le monde ont été précédées de crises qui secouent les campagnes, et qui sont la conséquence de situations de dégradation de la condition paysanne et rurale. Les contradictions socio-économiques et les inégalités ville-campagne qui caractérisent aujourd’hui les sociétés d’Afrique du Nord (Egypte et Maghreb), conjuguées aux effets de la crise économique et alimentaire mondiale de 2008 ont été suivis d’émeutes et/ou de situations pré-insurrectionnelles dans les pays du Maghreb et en Egypte. En Algérie, le monde paysan et rural qui avait été si actif dans le mouvement de libération national a été peu visible dans les contestations sociales et politiques qui ont marqué ce pays au cours des dernières décennies. L’article tente d’apporter une explication de ce paradoxe algérien. Il rappelle l’héritage historique et le rôle dévolu des collectifs ouvriers et leur disparition sous l’effet de la privatisation des modes d’exploitation des terres du domaine privé de l’Etat, la crise de l’endettement extérieur et son dépassement dans les années 2000 à la faveur de l’embellie des cours du pétrole et de l’accroissement des recettes budgétaires qui autorisent aujourd’hui de fortes interventions de l’Etat dans le secteur agricole et rural et la reprise des actions redistributives au profit de la société rurale
Le tourisme saharien au sud-est tunisien, menace ou vecteur de développement durable des zones marginales
No full textInternational audienc
New methodological frontiers for sustainability assessment: A multidimensional vulnerability framework for the agrofood system
No full textInternational audienceSustainable Food Security and Sustainable Diets are widely acknowledged and studied by the international community. The links between food regimes of populations and the environmental and socioeconomic issues concerning individuals, countries and geographical areas, are nowadays recognized and proved. Nevertheless, identifying metrics for a multidimensional analysis remains a challenging task. This methodological paper proposes a revisited vulnerability approach for an innovative application to food security and sustainability issues in the agrofood system. The aim is to identify qualitative and quantitative methods to consider the interrelating factors leading to vulnerability, in order to inform decision-making and adaptive strategies. An original methodological framework of the integrated vulnerability approach to analyze food insecurity and unsustainability is presented together with a metric methodology
Innovation in Tunisian citrus fruit farming
No full textContribution WP4 - Task 5 : « Innovation and food supply ». Projet FP7 : SUSTAINMED - Sustainable agri-food systems and rural development in the Mediterranean Partner CountriesInternational audienc
Modelling agri-food policy impact at farm-household level in developing countries (FSSIM-Dev): application to Sierra Leone
No full textScientific and Technical Research Reports: EUR 25962. Final report: FSSIM-AFRICA.International audienceThis report presents a farm household model for use in the context of developing countries to gain knowledge on food security and rural poverty alleviation under different economic conditions and agri-food policy options. This model, called FSSIM-Dev (Farming System Simulator for Developing Countries), is an extension of the FSSIM model developed within the SEAMLESS project for impact assessment of agricultural and environmental policies on farm performances across Europe. FSSIM-Dev is conceived to be applied for family agriculture where farm household production, consumption and labour allocation decisions are non-separable due to market imperfections. Contrary to most well-known household models which are econometric-based, FSSIM-Dev is a non-linear optimization model which simultaneously solves a set of microeconomic models reproducing the behaviour of representative farm households. FSIM-Dev is designed to capture five key features of developing countries' agriculture: non-separability of production and consumption decisions; interaction among farm households for market factors; heterogeneity of farm households with respect to their both consumption baskets and resource endowments; inter-linkage between transaction costs and market participation decisions; and the seasonality of farming activities and resource use. Model use is illustrated in this report with an analysis of the combined effects of rice support policy and improved rice cropping management on the livelihood of representative farm households in Sierra Leone. Results show that both the rice support policy and the improved crop management would significantly increase rice productivity and boost household income but they are not sufficient to fight poverty since most of the farm household types would continue to live below the extreme poverty line of 1 USD-equivalent per day
Destination choice of raw milk from dairy farmers in the region of Sétif: a multinomial logit model
No full textAbstractInternational audienc
The impacts of climate change and human activities on water resources availability in the Orontes watershed: case of the Ghab region in Syria
No full textInternational audienceThe Ghab region in Syria is considered as the most fertile region in the Orontes watershed. However, the land fertility and the increase of population, as well as the climatic variations, urged the farmers in this region to intensify the agricultural development. The geology and tectonics of the Ghab Region dominated by the Dead Sea Transform Fault (DSTF) have an important impact on the water resources of the Orontes Basin. From the analysis of climate change and the evaluation of uncontrollable behavior of human activities (drilling illegal water wells at random), as well as the hydrographic variations of Orontes river in the study area, the authors have insisted on the fact that groundwater aquifers are over-exploited along the Ghab region to satisfy the needs of irrigation and agricultural development. The scarcity of water and the decrease in springs discharge is well noticed during the autumn, when the precipitation is almost absent, which reduces the discharge of the Orontes River in the Ghab region, especially downstream at Jesr al Shoghour
Les cahiers de l'école qualité en recherche et en enseignement supérieur n. 1
No full textPréface de Vincent Dollé (CIHEAM-IAMM)National audienc
Valorizzazione delle produzioni lattiero-casearie tradizionali della Sicilia: analisi e strategia locale
No full textPubblicazione del progetto LACTIMED (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM / Slow Food / ASTER) con la Università di Catania, la Università di Palermo e il CRPAAl fi ne di incoraggiare uno sviluppo integrato della fi liera lattiero-casearia siciliana, il progetto Lactimed si fonda su un’analisi della fi liera e sullo studio delle opportunità di sbocco sui mercati nazionali e internazionali, aiutando innanzi tutto le autorità locali e le strutture di supporto ad adottare una strategia per la valorizzazione delle produzioni lattiero casearie tipiche locali
Un regard géopolitique sur l’agriculture de firme dans le monde arabe
No full textInternational audienceIn addition to the recent political unrest, the Arab world continues to be governed by the constraints of an arid environment which, combined with the effects of a rapid demographic transition, have had a dramatic impact on many countries throughout the region. The apparent homogeneity of the region masks significant differences in terms of agricultural policy. In particular, there is a clear distinction between countries with a rentier economy based on the development and exploitation of hydrocarbon resources (“yellow countries”) and countries with a predominantly agricultural economy (“green countries”). With the exception of Saudi Arabia, this distinction suggests different options in terms of food security. Green countries have tried to reduce their dependence on imports by developing domestic production. By contrast, yellow countries have tended to focus on access to international markets. However, over time, green countries have tended to promote an agricultural system that encourages investors to export their produce rather than ensure national food security, while yellow countries have entered the global market through investments in areas selected on the basis of cultural and geographical criteria. In short, whereas green countries have become passive recipients of agribusiness, yellow countries have become actively involved in promoting the development of agricultural firms. In both cases, there are major social and geopolitical implications.En proie à des bouleversements politiques majeurs, le monde arabe demeure soumis à la dictature d’un milieu aride, qui se double d’une transition démographique particulièrement intense. Cette relative homogénéité masque des différences dans le choix des politiques agricoles, les pays à économie de rente fondée sur l’exploitation des hydrocarbures (« pays jaunes ») se distinguant nettement des pays tournés vers la production agricole (« pays verts »). Quoique contredite par l’Arabie saoudite, cette dichotomie éclaire assez bien les différences d’option en matière de sécurisation alimentaire : les pays verts ont cherché à réduire leur dépendance par la production intérieure quand les pays jaunes privilégiaient l’accès aux marchés internationaux. Cependant, avec le temps, les premiers promouvaient une agriculture d’investisseurs plus enclins à exporter qu’à résoudre l’équation alimentaire nationale tandis que les seconds se projetaient dans le monde via des investissements de firme, dans des aires choisies selon des critères culturels et géographiques. Aussi, si les pays verts sont les récepteurs d’une agriculture de firme, les pays jaunes en sont plutôt les émetteurs : dans les deux cas, les conséquences sociales et géopolitiques ne sont pas neutres