Portail HAL du CIHEAM Montpellier
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Methodological reflections and the practice of evaluation, main outputs of the Montpellier seminar
No full textCommunication orale : résumé. Session: Assessing actions to combat desertification, what valuationsInternational audienceThe communication is a review of evaluations main meanings, methodologies and uses, based on various experiences and coming out of a variety of disciplines in social sciences. It aims at presenting a set of types of evaluations and discussing their strengths and weaknesses regarding methodologies and impacts on sustainable land management. It relies on concrete examples resulting from several scientific research programmes/projects/. It is based on the Montpellier seminars analyses and outputs. Economic or financial evaluation is often presented as the major approach because it gives results in terms of financial and economic return of actions to combat desertification. However, economic evaluation implies comparing two situations, one with the action, and the control situation through time, but this can only be done through heavy protocols of experimentation. External factors in the analysis can change the meaning of the results comparing both situations. From a purely natural resources management perspective, evaluation implies first elaborating a relevant environmental baseline as a condition for assessing an action. This approach(if it’s the natural resource management perspective ?) enlightens ore the socio-political context of projects, policies and programmes and help to guide their implementation. A last category of evaluation puts the local actors at the heart of the evaluation process. Then evaluation can be presented as a direct tool for enhancing local development and not just as a tool for funding and implementing bodies to report on their activities or to elaborate further policies and projects. It is strongly linked to local actors’ organization and capacity building for land planning in a context of decentralization of the management of natural resources
The IRR, a tool for evaluating projects to combat desertification?
No full textCommunication orale : diaporamaInternational audienc
Le grand chambardement des oasis maghrébines
No full textConférence invitée. Panel : Problématique et enjeux des oasis au MaghrebInternational audienc
Introduction des produits biologiques dans les restaurants collectifs publics de la Région Languedoc-Roussillon : rapport final
No full textRapport financé par la DRAAF Languedoc-Roussillon, Programme National pour l’Alimentation. Convention 11/34
Un outil de simulation adapté à la gestion des ressources en eau du territoire dans le cadre d’une démarche participative
No full text[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]GEUSINational audienceThis paper presents a simulation tool adapted to water resources management on a territorial scale, as part of a participatory process. This tool combines the PILOTE-TER crop model and the Olympe technico-economical simulator. PILOTE-TER links the crop model Pilote developed by Irstea with a database managed through a graphical interface. It makes possible to use the Pilote model to evaluate the water demand and the crop yield at the scale of the field, the farm and the territory. The parameters of the model come from the results of experiments performed by Irstea. PILOTE-TER is linked to the technico-economic simulator Olympe (from INRA) to produce economical indicators. These tools are used for a territorial representation of agriculture build with local stakeholders, allowing the comparison of several scenarios (based on economical, policy or climate changes).Cet article présente un outil de simulation adapté à la gestion de ressources en eau à l’échelle d’un territoire dans le cadre de démarches participatives. Cet outil associe un modèle de culture, Pilote Ter, et le simulateur technico-économique Olympe. Pilote Ter intègre le modèle de culture Pilote développé par Irstea et un système de base de données géré à partir d’une interface graphique. Il permet une utilisation territorialisée du modèle de culture Pilote pour évaluer la demande en eau agricole et les rendements des cultures à l’échelle de la parcelle, de l’exploitation agricole et du territoire. Le paramétrage du modèle s’appuie sur les résultats des expérimentations menées par Irstea. Pilote Ter est couplé au simulateur technico-économique Olympe (INRA) pour produire des indicateurs économiques. Ces deux logiciels sont le support d’une représentation de l’agriculture du territoire co-construite avec les acteurs locaux permettant l’étude de scénarios économiques, réglementaires ou climatiques
Evaluation of the environmental impact of consumer behaviour: comparison between fresh and processed tomatoes
No full text12. International Symposium on the Processing Tomato, 2012/06/09-11, Beijing (Chine)International audienceSeveral studies emphasize that agriculture and food as a whole are responsible for the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, as a central actor in the food supply chain, consumers play a very important role as their food behaviour can be highly polluting. However, few studies focus on the environmental impact of consumer behaviour or investigate which action has the greatest consequences. The purpose of this study is to analyse consumer practices, from purchase to final waste. Fresh and processed tomatoes were chosen as examples of general fruit and vegetables, and their environmental impact measured. Four impact categories were adopted: acidification, eutrophication, global warming and human toxicity. Results regarding fresh tomatoes clearly indicate that purchasing has the highest environmental impact for all 4 categories of impacts. Such an impact is mainly due to transport from supermarket to household (generally by car). Also in the case of processed tomatoes purchasing is responsible for a great share of the impact , but cooking and end of life phases are also very important, namely for acidification and global warming the former, and human toxicity the latter. If we compare fresh tomatoes with processed tomatoes, the latter have a greater impact in all 4 categories. GHG emissions at consumer level are 0.07 kg CO2 eq for fresh tomatoes and 0.18 kg CO2 eq for processed tomatoes, while human toxicity levels are 25 times higher for the latter. However, if we take into consideration the fact that 6 kg of fresh tomatoes are needed for 1 kg of processed tomatoes, the results can be seen in a different light. In this case, the impact of fresh tomatoes (global warming potential) is 2.3 times higher than that of processed tomatoes. Finally, if we calculate CO2 emissions generated by making equal quantities of tomato sauce with fresh tomatoes or rather with tomato paste, results are equal
The new challenges of processing tomatoes: Life Cycle Analysis, a relevant approach from the field to end use
No full text12. International Symposium on the Processing Tomato, 2012/06/09-11, Beijing (Chine)International audienceHorticultural products, like all food products, are currently faced with three challenges concerning sustainable development. The first is to protect the environment The second challenge regards nutrition and health. Variety, transport conditions (temperature and duration), the type of technology used in processing (cold break, hot break) and the conditions of use of the final product are highly responsible for nutrient loss. The third challenge is the economic and social impact. Every segment of the food chains must guarantee an improvement in human well-being and social justice. Furthermore, consumers have changed and have replaced the traditional price-quality criteria used in making choices. They require information on environmental, nutritional and social aspects of the whole production and distribution systems Like all other products, industrial tomatoes must mirror these new market requirements and customer demands. Professionals are unable to cope with all three challenges simultaneously. With this in mind, an on-going national research programme in France (FLONUDEP) is aiming to create a decision-making tool adapted to this new context for the impact of both fresh and processed tomato production chains. A life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology has been applied to all stages of the product’s life cycle, from the extraction of raw ingredient to the production system, processing, commercialisation, consumption and end of life, taking into account environmental, nutritional, economic and social considerations. Three countries have been studied: France, Turkey and Morocco. Results show considerable differences among the 3 countries, not only in terms of values, but also in terms of the most polluting stage across the LCA (whether agriculture, logistics, factory etc.). However, in general, the production methods, the organization of logistics circuits, and the choice of packaging seem to be crucial to environmental impact. In nutritional terms, product processing times are essential as is the ambient temperature which can alter nutrients. Logistics are therefore fundamental. Consumers must also modify their behaviour with regard to conserving products
L’innovation dans l’agrumiculture tunisienne
No full textContribution WP4 - Task 5 : « Innovation and food supply ». Projet FP7 : SUSTAINMED - Sustainable agri-food systems and rural development in the Mediterranean Partner CountriesInternational audienc
Modeling farm-household decisions under imperfect markets: a case study in Sierra Leone
No full textAbstractInternational audienc