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1216 research outputs found
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Corporate social responsibility in the Mediterranean agro-food sector
No full textInternational audienc
La transition albanaise vue par le foncier : les plaies d'une privatisation massive des terres
No full textInternational audienceAlors qu'en 1976, il n'y avait plus de propriété privée en Albanie, quinze ans après, en 1991, " la loi sur la terre " (loi N° 7501) a décidé la privatisation de toutes les terres agricoles (700 000 ha) et leur partage égalitaire entre l'ensemble des ménages agricoles (Guri, 2007). Cette rétrocession de la terre au peuple s'est faite de façon consensuelle. Mais le défi de construire une agriculture familiale prospère est loin d'être gagné dans la transition albanaise vers l'économie de marché..
Normes sanitaires internationales dans les pays tiers méditerranéens et coordination des filières
No full textInternational audienceLes relations institutionnelles entre l'Union européenne (UE) et les pays partenaires méditerranéens (PPM) s'inscrivent dans le cadre du partenariat euro-méditerranéen et de la Politique Européenne de Voisinage (PEV) de l'UE. Les accords d'association et les plans d'action bilatéraux signés entre l'UE et chaque PPM constituent l'instrument central de ce cadre institutionnel. Le volet économique de ces accords vise une plus grande libéralisation des échanges pour aboutir à une zone de libre-échange euro-méditerranéenne. A cet effet, depuis 2005, un approfondissement de la libéralisation des échanges agricoles euro-méditerranéens est en cours. A côté des négociations de libéralisation dans le cadre des accords d'association UE-PPM, le rapprochement des législations en matière de normes, de réglementations techniques et d'évaluation de conformité est, depuis quelques années, un axe de coopération prioritaire. La convergence des normes de qualité avec celle de l'UE (alignement sur l'acquis communautaire), en particulier dans les domaines sanitaire et phytosanitaire est maintenant sur la table des négociations. Dans un premier temps nous présentons le dispositif institutionnel dans lequel s’inscrivent ces négociations. Ensuite, en prenant l'exemple de la filière fruits légumes, filière de première importance socio-économique dans les PPM, nous montrons qu’il existe des contraintes internes fortes pour accélérer le processus d'alignement des normes avec celles de l'UE. Enfin, une troisième partie analyse le rôle des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) dans la diffusion des bonnes pratiques agricoles et des normes de qualité internationales dans la filière d'exportation du Maroc
Agricultural biodiversity, social-ecological systems and sustainable diets
No full textConference on Sustainable Diet and Food Security, 2013/05/28-29, Lille (France)International audienceThe stark observation of the co-existence of undernourishment, nutrient deficiencies and overweight and obesity, the triple burden of malnutrition, is inviting us to reconsider health and nutrition as the primary goal and final endpoint of food systems. Agriculture and the food industry have made remarkable advances in the past decades. However, their development has not entirely fulfilled health and nutritional needs, and moreover, they have generated substantial collateral losses in agricultural biodiversity. Simultaneously, several regions are experiencing unprecedented weather events caused by climate change and habitat depletion, in turn putting at risk global food and nutrition security. This coincidence of food crises with increasing environmental degradation suggests an urgent need for novel analyses and new paradigms. The sustainable diets concept proposes a research and policy agenda that strives towards a sustainable use of human and natural resources for food and nutrition security, highlighting the preeminent role of consumers in defining sustainable options and the importance of biodiversity in nutrition. Food systems act as complex social–ecological systems, involving multiple interactions between human and natural components. Nutritional patterns and environment structure are interconnected in a mutual dynamic of changes. The systemic nature of these interactions calls for multidimensional approaches and integrated assessment and simulation tools to guide change. This paper proposes a review and conceptual modelling framework that articulate the synergies and tradeoffs between dietary diversity, widely recognised as key for healthy diets, and agricultural biodiversity and associated ecosystem functions, crucial resilience factors to climate and global changes
Exploring multi-scale flexibility to design resilient cropping systems
No full textFarmers have to face long-term predictable trends : new market context and new public policies aiming at limiting the environmental impact of agriculture, like the reduction of pesticide use or water saving. They also have to face rapid unforeseen and unpredictable events such as extreme climatic events, inter-annual climatic variations. In face of changes, transitions toward adaptive resilient cropping systems are needed because current practices cannot ensure sustainability on the long term. In this paper, we present a multi-scale point of view on the design of flexible and more resilient cropping systems based on a multi-domain approach from plant-soil scale to the farm scale. We adapted the framework ‘Resilience of what? Resilience to what? How to assess resilience? What are the sources of flexibility to enhance resilience?’ to analyze resilience of multi-functional cropping system, i.e. being able to ensure on the long term a target compromise between provisioning and environmental services. Thisframework was tested in projects aiming to design Multi-functional Vineyard Cropping Systems (MVCS).Three cases study were analyzed related to different ways of dealing with resilience and flexibility. They covered biophysical, technical, organizational and economical resilience from field to farm scales integrating various sources of flexibility : operational, tactical and strategic flexibility (figure 1). Throughout these applications, we showed that there was no appropriate scale to assess the resilience of a cropping system but a specific combination of scales depending on the driving processes and target services. Multiple sources of Flexibility explored were a way to develop intrinsect capacity to persist in time through changes without any loss of productivity and services provision and consequently enhance resilience. Finally, this analysis helped to assess what the concept of resilience could bring to agronomic research most particularly when dealing with the design of cropping systems in face of global changes
Forests and pastures' devolution process in Albania: a sustainable management of Mediterranean commons?
No full textVersion anglaise. Projet BiodivBalkans : Biodiversity Conservation & Sustainable Rural Development in Balkan Mountain. CIHEAM-IAMM / MADA / FFEM.International audienc
Doctrines économiques et réalités des échanges internationaux de produits agricoles
No full textNational audienc
Mediterra 2014 : Logistics and agro-food trade. A challenge for the Mediterranean
No full textInternational audienceIn a context of globalisation and socio-political upheavals in the Mediterranean, the development of Mediterranean agricultural trade is increasingly determined by the capacity of countries to develop modern infrastructure to facilitate exchanges and the movement of goods as well as to ensure better food security. Organised around the economic developments of Mediterranean agricultural trade (flow with Europe, the United States, Brazil, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa), logistical challenges for the exchange of strategic products (grain, fruits andvegetables, meat, olive oil, seafood, etc.) and the infrastructure that condition trade (ports, corridors, multimodal platforms, cold chain, etc.), Mediterra 2014 also addresses issues related to sustainability, territorial balance and strategies of public policy actors (the increasing importance of the normative framework, the struggle against food waste or the role of local authorities). Mediterra is a collection of shared expertise and a support tool for decision making involving more than 70 international experts with the goal of providing policy-makers, professionals and researchers with the essential strategicindicators and keys to understanding the Mediterranean
Valorisation des produits laitiers typiques de la Bekaa et Baalbeck-Hermel : diagnostic et stratégie locale
No full textPublication du projet européen LACTIMED (ANIMA / CIHEAM-IAMM) avec le CCIAZ en collaboration avec le Ministère de l'Agriculture du LibanLactimed a réalisé un diagnostic de la filière laitière de la Bekaa et Baalbeck-Hermel (Liban) afin d’aider les autorités locales et les structures d’appui à adopter une stratégie pour la valorisation des produits laitiers typiques de leur territoire. Ce rapport de diagnostic inclut un état des lieux de la filière, l’analyse des résultats d’enquêtes de terrain menées auprès des producteurs, l’identification de produits laitiers typiques avec leur cahier des charges de production et des informations sur le marché domestique