Portail HAL du CIHEAM Montpellier
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L’ancien monopole du blé canadien vendu à l’étranger / Le bilan français marqué par la demande asiatique
No full textInternational audienc
A household model to assess consumption-production-resources nexus in West Africa: the rice based farming systems in Sierra Leone
No full textT4. What’s new with bioeconomic models for the analysis and design of agricultural systems?International audienceIn West Africa, several programmes have been established in order to boost rice production and consumption in those countries. However, these actions are often carried out at a national level without real consideration for the highly contrasting needs of agricultural households across a territory. This also implies the use of more specific approaches and methods that can quantify agricultural production while taking into account the diversity of cropping systems and of household food needs (Herrero et al., 2014). The aim of this paper is to present a non-linear optimization model that highlighting the production strategies of rice farming households with non-separability between production, consumption, and available resources. The model is applied for rice production in the north of Sierra-Leona, which is known for its significant rice production, but also for its low and variable yields and consumption levels, which are among the lowest in the world. It also defines and assesses political alternatives encouraging agricultural production, and therefore the improvement of food consumption
Combining yield gap and efficiency analysis to analyze farmers’ fields network: a case study on nitrogen in durum wheat in Tunisia
No full textT3. Crop modeling and yield gap analysis for agricultural systems analysis and designInternational audienceIn most Mediterranean regions, durum wheat yield is variable with time and location, depending on several factors, primarily water and nitrogen supply (Boussen et al., 2005). Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients applied as a fertilizer and responsible to a great extent for the large yields obtained from high input agriculture (Latiri, 1998). However, the increased use of N fertilizer can affect farmers' margins, causes excessive losses to the environment and make agriculture dependent of non-renewable energy. The simultaneous increase in both yield and N-efficiency is at the core of eco-efficient agriculture which targets efficient and sustainable use of resources in agricultural production and land management (Keating et al., 2010). It adds to the concept of ecological intensification (Cassman, 1999), the hypothesis of eco-efficiency frontiers that are determined by the genetic nature or by the agrobiodiversity of the cropping systems. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of nitrogen supply on durum wheat and its drivers in different regions in Tunisia and try to identify eco-efficiency frontiers, associated with constrasting rotation sequences. We addressed the following question: Can higher yields and greater N-efficiency be expected in wheat-based cropping systems by diversifying rotation sequences
Beyond small farmers' organizations and "historical actors"? An analysis of fair trade stakeholders' evolution
No full textThis communication analyzes how fair trade "fundamentals" can be challenged by recent and future evolutions, such as plantations' certification and labeling rules' changes. We defend the idea that even if the rules created in order to set boundaries to plantations or multinationals seems efficient, the stakeholders' growing diversity in the FT system lead to an important evolution of FT's governance mode. If it used to be regulated by the trust relationships which were existing between "historical actors", it has now to adopt a "rules-based" governance, which has important consequences
MED-Amin: a multilateral market monitoring initiative for improved food security in the Mediterranean area
No full textInternational audienceLa fonction d'information de marché ("Market information") est définie comme un service "habituellement géré par une entité du secteur public, impliquant la collecte régulière d'information sur les prix, et dans certains cas, sur les volumes de marchandises échangés massivement sur les marchés. Cette mission inclut également la dissémination d'information régulière et réactive sur des médias divers, à l'attention des fermiers, traders, décideurs, ou tout autre public concerné, y compris les consommateurs." (FAO, 1997). revenant sur l'intérêt de la fonction d'information de marché pour soutenir le travail des décideurs, l'article présente trois initiatives s'étendant sur des zones d'influences diverses (mondiale, méditerranéenne et asiatique). Il présente leurs particularismes et leurs défis communs (travail d'harmonisation des méthodologies, nécessité d'une compréhension plus fine des marchés agricoles, et des dynamiques de transmission des prix entre les différents niveaux, la transparence sur l'information et les renforcement des capacités en matière d'analyse de l'évolution des marchés)
From value chain analysis to global value chain analysis: fresh orange export sector in mediterranean partner countries
No full textChapter 8International audienceThe present chapter contrasts with other chapters in this book. Rather than an analysis from the subject area of economics, a method that is more aligned with the business management discipline is presented. The chapter begins with a literature review of value chain thinking concepts and a review of past methodological approaches in the SCM literature to value chain analysis, leading to our justification for contributing to the literature with a sectoral level of analysis and combining it with qualitative key informant information to create policy recommendations. Then an overview of the fresh orange sector in the region is described and justification for using MPCs as a context is offered. A broad aim of our chapter is to generate a discussion over how value chain thinking can be used as a tool to inform policy debate
Diagnostic du système coopératif algérien
No full textRapport d'étude. Initiative ENPARD Méditerranée (Commission Européenne
Les bonnes pratiques agricoles
No full textAtelier sous-régional ENPARD Machreq, 2015/12/08-09, Le Caire (Egypte). Note introductive. Initiative ENPARD Méditerranée (Commission Européenne)La notion de bonne pratique témoigne de la prise en compte dans les politiques agricoles des aspects environnementaux et sanitaire liés à l’activité agricole. Par bonnes pratiques, on entend les pratiques de culture et d’élevage conformes à des règles qui permettent à la fois l’amélioration de la production agricole et la réduction des risques pour l’homme et pour l’environnement. La définition des bonnes pratiques agricoles présente un caractère réglementaire ou institutionnel car, formellement, il n’existe pas de bonnes pratiques sans cadre d’orientation politique précis. Dans une première partie, la notion de bonnes pratiques agricole et les enjeux associés seront déclinés à partir des normes de développement durable et de la notion de multifonctionnalité. Une seconde partie développe le cadre contractuel des directives européennes en matière environnementale, qui constitue le support du développement des bonnes pratiques agricoles. L’exemple de la Directive-cadre sur l’eau est explicité. L’outil contractuel des mesures agroenvironnementales (MAE) organise la fourniture de services environnementaux par les agriculteurs dans la cadre de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC). Il est décliné dans une troisième partie de l’échelle régionale européenne à celle localisée pour la région française du Languedoc-Roussillon. Cela permet de mettre en évidence le défi que représente la définition et la mise en oeuvre d’une politique de bonnes pratiques agricoles en matière de gouvernance des acteurs du secteur agricole et rural. Enfin, la prise en compte des aspects fonciers est indissociable d’une politique de bonnes pratiques agricoles. Une dernière partie présente les arguments pour lesquels la réflexion sur les impacts d’une politique de bonne pratique agricole sur les structures agricoles et foncières, sur l’évolution des agricultures familiales et des petites structures de production, est importante à considérer
Agenda post-2015 and mediterranean futures
No full textInternational audienceTo move forward a greater development in the Mediterranean, the adoption of the Post-2015 Global Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals constitutes an important step towards sustainability strategies in the region. This is in a context where the future of the Euro-Mediterranean cooperation must be redefined, in agreement with the new regional priorities. For these reasons, the Watch Letter n°34 proposes a high-level file about these strategic issues, aiming to bring a Mediterranean look on these Sustainable Development Goals and to provide a forward-looking reading guide to better prepare multilateral and multi-institutional cooperation in the region
