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A combined application of biochar and phosphorus alleviates heat-induced adversities on physiological, agronomical and quality attributes of rice
No full textInternational audiencePresent study examined the influence of high-temperature stress and different biochar and phosphorus (P) fertilization treatments on the growth, grain yield and quality of two rice cultivars (IR-64 and Huanghuazhan). Plants were subjected to high day temperature-HDT (35 °C ± 2), high night temperature-HNT (32 °C ± 2), and control temperature-CT (28 °C ± 2) in controlled growth chambers. The different fertilization treatments were control, biochar alone, phosphorous (P) alone and biochar + P. High-temperature stress severely reduced the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and increased the leaf water potential of both rice cultivars. Grain yield and its related attributes except for number of panicles, were reduced under high temperature. The HDT posed more negative effects on rice physiological attributes, while HNT was more destructive for grain yield. High temperature stress also hampered the grain appearance and milling quality traits in both rice cultivars. The Huanghuazhan performed better than IR-64 under high-temperature stress with better growth and higher grain yield. Different soil fertilization treatments were helpful in ameliorating the detrimental effects of high temperature. Addition of biochar alone improved some growth and yield parameters but such positive effects were lower when compared with the combined application of biochar and P. The biochar+P application recorded 7% higher grain yield (plant−1) of rice compared with control averaged across different temperature treatments and cultivars. The highest grain production and better grain quality in biochar+P treatments might be due to enhanced photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and grain size, which compensated the adversities of high temperature stress
Egypt plans to launch agriculture commodities exchange / Le Maghreb, un client majeur pour le blé français
No full textInternational audienc
Metrology and quality management
No full textInternational audienceDemographic growth in countries south of the Mediterranean, combined with the recent migratory upheaval emanating from conflicts in the Middle East, accelerates the urban growth and the spatial concentration of populations on coastlines and estuary zones. According to consistent findings from several foresight studies conducted by the Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), the National Research Agency of France (ANR) and the Mediterranean World Economic Foresight Institute (IPEMED), these areas concentrate significant fertile agricultural land but will host 50 million more inhabitants within the coming 25 years. Both urban demand for food and the pressure on natural resources are rising fast. Local agricultural production of cereals, meat and dairy products is increasingly inadequate to satisfy population requirements. Growing imports of food staples are resulting in food dependency and insecurity for the majority of southern and eastern Mediterranean countries. The political, economic and social crisis of the 2011 Arab revolutions brought significant difficulties for resource access and management to the fore, leading for example to water shortages, in spite of water availability (less than 500 m3 per inhabitant each year). In conflict situations, competition for resources involves a deregulation of the distribution systems which have long been operating and are the result of complex negotiations between actors to measure consumed quantities and delineate their usage. Under these conditions, the use of fossil vs renewable energy affects not only the quality of agricultural products but also the quality and safety of marketed and processed products. In order to address these problems, issues which need to be taken quickly into consideration include reducing the negative impact of agriculture, livestock breeding and forestry on the environment, and enhancing positive effects such as carbon storage, soil and plant cover stabilization, or the reduction of runoff and erosion. In other words, agricultural practices which are adapted to changing climate conditions need to be initiated. This requires developing qualitative and quantitative measurement mechanisms negotiated between relevant stakeholders in order to ensure sustainability. Reliable metrics will allow for the efficient measurement of the impact of agriculture and help design agricultural policies targetting environmental protection
Problématique de la sécurité alimentaire en Algérie
No full textCommunication orale : présentation de l'étude réalisée pour le Forum des chefs d'entrepriseInternational audienc
Family farming to bolster human knowhow and resources
No full textChapter 16International audienceThis chapter addresses family agriculture and its assets to promote the development and the fight against all forms of waste starting with the waste of knowledge and human resources. It stresses the need to act in favour of this agriculture that is faced with several challenges. The well-known guidelines for such an action are recalled and new fields of intervention are identified in order to ensure that knowledge and innovation systems that are being implemented, or even the ongoing digital revolution in agriculture take account of family agriculture
Waste of knowledge and human resources
No full textChapter 14International audienceThis chapter and the section that it introduces address a little tackled and yet very important subject: the waste of knowledge and human resources. It provides an overview of the establishment and evolution of agricultural knowledge in its various forms (technical knowledge, knowhow and associated lifestyles). It highlights both the factors that threaten knowledge and their rediscovery under the form of new systems of knowledge and innovation. The chapter concludes by providing a number of recommendations for inclusive policies aimed at the protection and the remobilisation of this knowledge
Trade-offs analysis between durum wheat yield and nitrogen efficiency in the fields of farmers in Tunisia
No full textInternational audienc
Réforme du système de vulgarisation en Egypte : propositions de scénarios de réforme du système de vulgarisation agricole
No full textAtelier national ENPARD, 2016/04/18-19, Le Caire (Egypte) Note de synthèse. Initiative ENPARD Méditerranée (Commission Européenne)Lors de l’atelier organisé en mars 2016, les travaux du Think tank ont dressé un diagnostic du système de vulgarisation agricole, concluant à la nécessité de le réformer pour mettre en place un système de vulgarisation plus efficace et plus adapté aux changements de contexte et aux défis actuels et futurs de l’agriculture égyptienne. C’est dans la continuité de cette réflexion que le troisième atelier ENPARD, organisé le 18 et 19 avril au Caire, a réuni les membres du Think Tank avec d’autres experts et professionnels de la vulgarisation agricole pour débattre et proposer des scénarios de réforme du système de vulgarisation agricole
Dynamic agricultural household bio-economic simulator (DAHBSIM) model description: biosight project technical report
No full textLocalisation : UMR 1110 MOISA Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs / Documentation P. Bartoli / Montpellier (France) Cote : S BR 1773DAHBSIM is a dynamic, bio-economic model of agricultural households that was designed to be applied to a rural, developing country-setting, for the purpose of addressing questions around the biophysical constraints to on-farm agricultural productivity, and the whole-farm implications of alternative strategies to sustainable agricultural intensification. The model links socio-economic and biophysical aspects, in order to better illustrate the environmental and human welfare implications of different agricultural production practices, as they are influenced by policy-driven changes in prices of inputs or outputs, or by changes in the physical environment
Geographical Indications devices in candidate countries: market instrument, rural development tool, environmental incentives? Insights
No full textConférence invitéeInternational audienc