Portail HAL du CIHEAM Montpellier
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Analyse des revenus et modélisation économique et climatique des systèmes agroforestiers, à base de girofliers, dans le district de Mananara (Madagascar)
No full textDocument de travail Projet FORECAST.À Madagascar, l'agriculture demeure la principale activité économique, dominante dans les zones rurales. Elle est caractérisée sur la côte Est par une importante production de cultures de rente comme la vanille, le girofle et le café destinées en majorité à l'exportation (SNISE, 2010). Ces productions apportent des revenus complémentaires importants aux agriculteurs et le girofle y occupe une place importante, notamment dans la région d'Analanjirofo qui signifie " forêt de girofliers " et en particulier autour de Fénérive-Est et de Mananara (R.O.R., 2012). Le riz représente une culture clé des ménages puisque c'est leur principal produit de consommation. Cependant, les modes de cultures souvent extensifs et peu productifs mènent à la conquête des terres en forêt dans le parc national proche (SNISE, 2010). Ainsi, l'agroforesterie permet d'une part de mieux valoriser les terres cultivables en les intensifiant et d'autre part, de mettre en oeuvre une forme durable de valorisation et d'exploitation des terres puisqu'elle repose sur la mise en oeuvre de pratiques de gestion en accord avec le milieu et son contexte agroécologique, économique et culturel (Bene et al., 1977). Nous distinguons deux types de systèmes agroforestiers, définis par Michon et Foresta (1999), parmi les nombreuses formes décrites dans la recherche : i) Les SAF simples qui sont caractérisés par un nombre réduit d'espèces pérennes en association et par une couverture du sol composée d'espèces annuelles ou pluriannuelles et ii) Les SAF complexes qui ont la même structure que la forêt, associant un grand nombre d'espèces pérennes, lianes et herbacées. De ce fait, une typologie applicable à la région d'Analanjirofo de Madagascar, caractérisée par une forte dominance de la culture de girofle, a été créé (Danthu et al, 2014) : i) Les parcs arborés cultivés et/ou pâturés, considérés comme des SAF simples (80% des parcelles en moyenne à Fénérive-Est) et ii) Les SAF complexes, considérés comme des SAF à girofliers avec un grand nombre diversifiés d'arbres associés, fruitiers, arbres à bois de valeur (90% des parcelles en moyenne à Mananara-Nord) L'objectif du projet FORECAST est de récolter des données pour les outils d'analyse et de spatialisation (Olympe et MapVillage) pour appréhender les systèmes agricoles en milieu forestier et comprendre les stratégies paysannes. Cette étude s'insère dans le cadre de ce projet et a pour principal objectif d'analyser le fonctionnement technico-économique des différents types d'exploitations agricoles qui cultivent le giroflier et la vanille, à l'aide de modélisations et de simulations technico-économiques
Strategic environmental management analysis of High Nature Value farming in the Dalmatian islands: case studies from Mljet and Korcula Islands and Pelješac Peninsula in Croatia
No full textCollective report of the Advanced Master “Forest, Nature & Society”. Option “Nature and Society Management at International level”. Teaching module “environmental assessment of international projects on natural resource management”Within the European research program on High Nature Value farming, CIHEAM-IAMM and the LAG 5 wish to identify and support High Nature Value farming systems and communities, and foster biodiversity and agriculture as an alternative to the current seasonal touristic economic development. This study led by French students from AgroParisTech and Croatian students from Split Faculty of Economics aims at providing a territorial analysis in south Dalmatian islands (Mljet, Pelješac, Korčula), using the analytical framework of “strategic environmental management analysis” (SEMA) and based on a qualitative field survey. It appears that the natural and cultural heritage of the three islands are closely intertwined with one another, and that anthropic activities played a great role in shaping the current ecosystems in the area to what they are today. Moreover, the current terrestrial biodiversity is characterized by an exceptional richness, which does have to do with practices related to HNVf, making it a relevant scheme to address the preservation challenge in the region. Looking closely at each island in their specificities, the dynamics are slightly different in each case. A lot of the dynamics observed in Mljet have to do with the dual monitoring of the island by the National Park and the city administration, although most actors met are willing to play an active role in the preservation of their environment and traditional agricultural ways. In Korčula, tourism activities are much more developed and impactful and also more integrated in the agricultural system, which leaves way for a couple of breakthrough initiatives combining sustainable farming and tourism – although agriculture is mostly oriented towards wine and olive. Lastly, Pelješac appears as a much more contrasted territory, with more scattered, little developed forms of agriculture in the South-East, mostly for self-consumption, and certified quality wine production in the North-West, appealing to a certain form of high-class tourism. The transversal analysis of the main economic sectors encountered in agriculture (olive, wine and other) enables to identify key actors for the development of economically integrated HNVf practices, as well as underdeveloped sectors of activity (either because they are being abandoned or because their potential has never been exploited) that could be HNVfcompatible. In the end, the study presents a wide range of different levers that could be activated at different levels to apply HNVf techniques in a way that would help preserve the natural and cultural heritage of the area
Study on small-scale family farming in the Near East and North Africa region. Focus country: Sudan
No full textOthers organizations: Cirad / CIHEAM-IAMMInternational audienceThe Study was based on secondary data as well as on information provided by relevant government and non-government agricultural units at the Federal and states levels. The Study is intended to provide an analytical basis for recommending policy actions towards revitalizing inclusive and sustainable small-scale agriculture sub-sector. The Study starts by providing background information about the agro-ecology of the country, the development and evolution of the agriculture sector, the changing strategic focus and the current challenges facing the country. It also discusses the typology of small-scale farming systems in the country and highlights the livelihood associated with them. The Study also provides description of the production patterns and the role and challenges facing the six identified small-scale farming systems, namely small-scale sub-systems for rain-fed crop production, animal production, irrigated agriculture, semi-mechanized rain-fed agriculture, forestry and fishery. The analysis was situated in the changing local and global contexts in which small-scale agriculture. The constraints and challenges the subsector is facing and the policy responses to these constraints are discussed prior to proposing policy recommendations
Récoltes prévisionnelles : les secrets de la procédure marocaine / Faute de blé français, le Maghreb est séduit par les origines russes
No full textInternational audienc
MED-Amin : avancées des récoltes et semis - août 2017
No full textInternational audienceCe document présente les avancées des récoltes et semis pour les pays MED-Amin issues d'une collecte de données réalisée auprès des points focaux du réseau et de commentaires enboyés par les points focaux. Pour chaque céréale, ces avancée sont précédées d'une synthèse des prévisions de récolte de céréales à la fin juillet 2017 réalisée à partir de données de référence (USDA, AMIS, FAO, GIC, UE/MARS, Med-Amin) et de communiqués des ministères et offices céréaliers repris directement sur leurs sites ou au sein d'articles de press
CAPMAS predicts 1°C rise in temperature will lead to 18.2% decline in wheat productivit Cereals / Apparition de deux nouvelles maladies en Méditerranée
No full textInternational audienc
Étudier la perception des services écosystémiques pour appréhender le capital environnemental d’un territoire et ses enjeux de développement, le cas de la péninsule de Karaburun en Turquie
No full textInternational audienceThis paper shows the importance of developing an ecosystem services framework in line with the concept of environmental capital within an operational context of territorial development. A perception study was done in 2014 where 95 local stakeholders in the Karaburun Peninsula were surveyed: farmers, tradesmen, tourists, residents, associations, cooperatives, and municipality. It allows linking the notion of environmental capital to territorial development by identifying the ecosystem services of the peninsula and their potential impact on well-being.Ce texte illustre l’intérêt de développer un cadre écosystémique en lien avec la notion de capital environnemental dans un cadre opérationnel de développement territorial. Une étude sur la perception des services écosystémiques dans la péninsule de Karaburun, Turquie, est menée auprès de 95 acteurs locaux : agriculteurs, commerçants, touristes, habitants, associations, coopératives et municipalité. Elle permet de relier la notion de capital environnemental à celle de développement territorial en identifiant les services écosystémiques de la zone et leurs impacts potentiels sur le bien-être
Economic and environmental impacts of introducing grain legumes in farming systems of Midi-Pyrenees region (France): a simulation approach
No full textInternational audienceThe reconciliation of economy and environment is a key factor in achieving sustainability.The European Union wishes to achieve the sustainability of its agriculture in order to produce high quality food materials and to manage energy crisis and the risks related to climate and market fluctuations. These risks can be mitigated by reducing negative impacts of agricultural activities on the environment. Therefore, this study was designed to derive and promote the potential tools to increase the land area under grain legumes in Midi-Pyrenees region (France) where it currently stands at only 1 to 3%. For this purpose modeling chain APES-FSSIM Indicator was used to assess different alternative scenarios of proposition of new grain legumes based cereals rotations, provision of higher premium on grain legumes, increase in sale price and yield of grain legumes, reduction in price and yield variability of grain legumes and combination of all these scenarios. Results showed that alternative scenario of provision of more premiums on grain legumes was more efficient in increasing the grain legume area than other alternative scenarios, but this would require a level of subsidies much higher than the currentcrop-specific subsidies in EU. However, in case of combination of all these scenarios, the increase in grain legumes area was maximum for all three selected farms from the study area. In addition farm income was increased by 11 to 26% and energy consumption was decreased by 4 to 9% for the selected farms. It is concluded that grain legumes area in Midi-Pyrenees farming systems can be increased by following the above mentioned alternative strategies
