Portail HAL du CIHEAM Montpellier
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Farms vulnerability assessment to climate change: case study in the territory of Pays Haut Languedoc et Vignobles, France
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Small farms’ strategies between self-provision and socio-economic integration: effects on food system capacity to provide food and nutrition security
No full textInternational audienceSmall farms’ contribution to food and nutrition security (FNS) is widely acknowledged; however, the diversity of context-specific characteristics of small farms is still barely documented in terms of farm strategies and household dynamics. The paper analyses this contribution in connection with the strategies related to the destination of the produce, with specific attention to the balance between food self-provisioning and economic integration. The analysis of self-provisioning relies on the assumptions that (i) production and consumption decisions cannot be analysed separately when they are attributed to the same entity and that (ii) family farm strategic choices are influenced by both business outcomes and household'’s welfare. The analysis of economic integration hinges on Polanyi'’s categories of market, reciprocity and redistribution as the three main modes of economic integration of a farm within its environment. We have collected information from a range of farmers in the Lucca province (northern Tuscany, Italy) and key stakeholders, through interviews, focus groups and field visits. The results of our analysis highlight the different ways small farms’ contribution to FNS in relation to each mode of economic integration adopted by the small farms. The different forms of this contribution can be identified at two levels: (i) internal to the farming household and (ii) external (i.e. referred to the community and broader society). A concept of food quality encompassing local sustainability, cultural heritage and social cohesion, is crucial to valorise, through appropriate policies, the specificities of small farms’ contribution to FNS
Small farms' behaviour: conditions, strategies and performances
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter opens the second part of the Volume, focusing on the small farms' role and dynamics within the evolving food system. Assessing small farmers' actual and potential contribution to the change towards a sustainable food and nutrition security requires a deep understanding of their strategic decision-making processes. These processes take place in a context highly conditioned by internal and external conditions, including the complex relations between farm and household, which are mapped and described. Building on an adaptation of Porter's model (Porter, 1990), the chapter investigates how farmers, given those conditions, define their strategies (in particular their innovation strategies) aimed at economic and financial sustainability through a multidisciplinary analysis of scientific literature. Internal conditions are identified in the light of the Agricultural Household Model (Singh & Subramanian, 1986) which emphasizes how family farming strategies aim at combining business-related objectives, and family welfare. Then, a comprehensive set of external conditions is identified and then grouped within eight categories: ‘Factors’, ‘Demand’, ‘Finance and Risk’, ‘Regulation and Policy’, ‘Technological’, ‘Ecological’, ‘Socio-institutional’ and ‘Socio-demographic’. Similarly, six types of strategies are identified: ‘Agro-industrial competitiveness’, ‘Blurring farm borders’, ‘Rural development’, ‘Risk management’, ‘Political support’ and ‘Coping with farming decline’
A crop model for improvement water use efficiency and durum wheat production in the Siliana region
No full textInternational audienceIn Tunisia, the development of the irrigation within the water scarcity context, remains one of the crucial issues of agricultural activity. The phenomenon of climate change is likely to make the problematic while threatening the country's food security. Thus, water use efficiency is essential to overcome these constraints and to preserve productive and sustainable agricultural activity. This work aims to optimize the water irrigation use and to increase the production of the durum wheat (DW) through improving irrigation practices. For this, a field survey was carried out with a sample of 43 farms from the Siliana region. In order to collect the required data, we have focused on the DW activity during the agricultural compain of 2015 in terms of the applied doses of water and fertilisers as well as the crop rotation. . Using CROPSYST, a crop model has been developed. The model was calibrated and validated to replicate the DW activity during three consecutive crop years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Three strategies of varied mix in terms water irrigation and fertilizers doses were simulated, The results showed the improvement of the yield by 9% that allowed an improvement of the water productivity up to 8.2 kgha-1mm-1. Given these results the Gross Margin may increase by 3% up to 11%
Research and innovation as tools for sustainable agriculture, food and nutrition security : extended abstracts and papers
No full textInternational audienceAfter the success of the 1st edition of Montpellier in 2016, CIHEAM organized the 2nd edition of the Mediterranean initiative for PhD students and young researchers (MedForum2018) at CIHEAM Bari (Italy) from 18 to 20 September 2018. MedForum2018, entitled “Research and Innovation: Tools for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security”, focused on the CIHEAM Strategic Agenda 2025 (CAPMED2025) and its Action Plan developed for the implementation of the United-Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in specific fields across the Mediterranean area. Through research work of PhD students and young researchers, MedForum2018 aimed at: - Fostering entrepreneurship, women and youth employment; - Identifying and sharing potential innovation tools geared towards integrated solutions for sustainable agriculture, food and nutrition security; - Enhancing research and innovation impact at national and regional level; - Proposing alternatives to prevent young researchers’ migrations. MedForum2018 was organized by CIHEAM in partnership with MAECI-Italy (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation), CMI (Center for Mediterranean Integration of the World Bank), UfM (Union for the Mediterranean), Agreenium (Institut Agronomique, Vétérinaire et Forestier de France) and with the technical collaboration of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Irrigation events detection over intensively irrigated grassland plots using Sentinel-1 data
No full textInternational audienceBetter management of water consumption and irrigation schedule in irrigated agriculture is essential in order to save water resources, especially at regional scales and under changing climatic conditions. In the context of water management, the aim of this study is to monitor irrigation activities by detecting the irrigation episodes at plot scale using the Sentinel-1 (S1) C-band SAR (synthetic-aperture radar) time series over intensively irrigated grassland plots located in the Crau plain of southeast France. The method consisted of assessing the newly developed irrigation detection model (IDM) at plot scale over the irrigated grassland plots. First, four S1-SAR time series acquired from four different S1-SAR acquisitions (different S1 orbits), each at six-day revisit time, were obtained over the study site. Next, the IDM was applied at each available SAR image from each S1-SAR series to obtain an irrigation indicator at each SAR image (no, low, medium, or high irrigation possibility). Then, the irrigation indicators obtained at each image from each S1-SAR time series (four series) were added and combined by threshold value criteria to determine the existence or absence of an irrigation event. Finally, the performance of the IDM for irrigation detection was assessed by comparing the in situ recorded irrigation events at each plot and the detected irrigation events. The results show that using only the VV polarization, 82.4% of the in situ registered irrigation events are correctly detected with an F_score value reaching 73.8%. Less accuracy is obtained using only the VH polarization, where 79.9% of the in situ irrigation events are correctly detected with an F_score of 72.2%. The combined use of the VV and VH polarization showed that 74.1% of the irrigation events are detected with a higher F_score value of 76.4%. The analysis of the undetected irrigation events revealed that, in the presence of very well-developed vegetation cover (normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) ≥ 0.8); higher uncertainty in irrigation detection is observed, where 80% of the undetected events correspond to an NDVI value greater than 0.8. The results also showed that small-sized plots encounter more false irrigation detections than large-sized plots certainly because the pixel spacing of S1 data (10 m × 10 m) is not adapted to small size plots. The obtained results prove the efficiency of the S1 C-band data and the IDM for detecting irrigation events at the plot scale, which would help in improving the irrigation water management at large scales especially with availability and global coverage of the S1 product
Outlook on the cereal harvest in the Mediterranean region at 30 april 2020
No full textInternational audienceThe present bulletin is a general outlook on the cereal harvest in the Mediterranean region . It provides early qualitative forecasting of the 2020 cereal campaign, with a particular focus on soft wheat, durum wheat and barley. The second bulletin provides an assessment of the situation at the end of April. It will be followed by a last update in June
Comment comprendre les débats actuels relatifs à la prochaine réforme de la PAC ? Plaidoyer pour un cadre d’analyse dynamique
No full textInternational audienceIl y a déjà plus de trente ans, Michel Petit a proposé un cadre d’analyse des politiques agricoles insistant sur le caractère séquentiel du processus d’élaboration et d’évolution des politiques publiques. Ce cadre d’analyse a été employé par divers auteurs pour rendre compte de l’évolution des politiques agricoles en Europe et aux États-Unis. Le but de cet article est d’explorer la pertinence de ce cadre d’analyse aujourd’hui, en examinant en quoi il permet de comprendre les débats actuels sur la prochaine réforme de la PAC. L’auteur propose une interprétation de la trajectoire de cette politique depuis sa création dans les années 1960 comme résultante du jeu d’un petit nombre de forces économiques à long terme. Il analyse le débat en cours et s’interroge sur l’avenir de la PAC en supputant ce que seront les forces à long terme qui le détermineront
Exploring institutional arrangements for local fish product labelling in Tuscany (Italy): a convention theory perspective
No full textInternational audienceIncreasing fish consumption along with rising competition in the global seafood market has brought fisheries and aquaculture producers to adopt several differentiation and marketing strategies. Labelling schemes were thus introduced to respond to a growing demand for traceable and sustainable products. However, the proliferation of quality labels brought to general confusion, calling for collective and public fish labels to ease decision-making. In our case study region (Tuscany, Italy), a number of policy-driven efforts were deployed for establishing regional labelling schemes for fisheries products with no observable impact on the market. Meanwhile, local companies have implemented a number of successful private and regional labels. The purpose of this research is to contribute to potential options for collective regional labelling schemes of fisheries and aquaculture products, through a case study analysis, building on agro-food value-chain and management approaches. Our empirical results highlight key issues and perspectives on labelling policies for local fisheries and aquaculture products