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Long-term vision for rural areas: contribution from 20 science-society-policy platforms
No full textDiscussion Paper. SHERPA: Sustainable Hub to Engage into Rural Policies with Actors, Project ID 862448, H2020 Call ID & Topic RUR-01-2018-2019–D: Rural society-science-policy hubInternational audienceIn 2020, the European Commission initiated the preparation of a new long-term vision for rural areas. SHERPA can contribute to the process by feeding in the views of science-society-policy actors from 20 European territories. SHERPA Multi-Actor Platforms (MAPs) are invited to discuss local challenges and opportunities as well as their vision for the future of their territory (or their thematic area) over the next 20 years. The exercise will follow the SHERPA standard process: (i) preparation of a SHERPA Discussion Paper, (ii) adaptation of the Discussion Paper by each regional or national MAP, (iii) consultation with MAP participants, (iv) summary of the discussions in a MAP Position Paper, (v) synthesis of the regional and national MAP Position Papers for discussion at EU level (EU MAP and annual conference). This draft SHERPA Discussion Paper provides a synthesis of rural opportunities and challenges identified in recent publications. The final version will include results of EU funded research projects and statistics for the indicators identified in this document. Guidance on how to conduct the consultation in the Multi-Actor Platforms is provided in a separate document
MED-Amin: harvest & planting progress - august 2020. MED-Amin: avancées des récoltes et des semis - août 2020
No full textLien vers la version française : https://www.med-amin.org/en/ressources-2/files/docs-communication/reports-rapport/396-bulletin-avancees-ete-2020/fileInternational audienceThis document presents the progress of harvests and planting in the MED-Amin countries based on data collected from the network’s focal points and from various sources as appropriate (press releases from the Ministries of Agriculture or their Grain Offices, international organizations mentioned hereafter, private consulting companies or press articles).For each monitored crop (wheat, barley, maize and rice), this information is preceded by a report of the world market and harvest outlook of the main producing countries. Figures are based on information provided by monitoring and analysis organizations, mainly the International Grains Council - IGC (checked early August at https://www.igc.int/en/markets/marketinfo-sd.aspx, the Grain Market Report of 23 July), the USDA (WASDE report of 12 August, the Crop Progress report of 10 August and Wheat Outlook of 14 August), FAO-AMIS (Market Monitor of July (data as of 2 July) and GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for AMIS of July (data as of 28 July), and https://app.amis-outlook.org/#/market-database/view-and-compare), the European Commission - DG AGRI (JRC MARS Bulletins of 24 August, the JRC MARS Bulletin for North Africa of 15 June and https://agridata.ec.europa.eu/extensions/DashboardCereals/CerealsProduction.html updated on 30 July)
Trade-offs between sustainability indicators in response to the production choices of different farm household types in drylands
No full textInternational audienceA lot of national and international effort has been made to promote sustainable agricultural production systems in drylands. However, success has been seriously limited due to lack of thorough characterization of the impact of the diversity of farm household types on productivity, resource-use efficiency and economic and nutritional status. This study applied hierarchical ascendant classification to a random sample of 286 cereal-producing farm households in Morocco and identified distinct household typologies. It also carried out an analysis of trade-offs between economic, nutritional and environmental factors induced by the production decisions of the different farm household typologies. Our analysis identified three dominant farm household typologies in the production system, namely: (i) intensive predominantly-vegetable farming households with high input intensities, (ii) semi-intensive cereal mono-crop farming households with moderate input intensities and (iii) extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households with low input intensities. Extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households exhibited the highest resource-use efficiency and high biodiversity. These benefits, however, came at the expense of a much lower farm income and limited food supplies relative to the other two systems. These results show that, as is the case for many dryland regions, all three farm types showed precarious conditions for one or more of the sustainability-related indicators
Innovation at the service of the prevention of and adaptation to migration
No full textChapter 10International audienceAmong the 257 million migrants on the planet, in 2017 it is estimated that 66 million persons have been forcibly displaced1. This number has steadily increased over the last decade and is mostly composed of people displaced in their own countries (40.3 million in 2016). The next big group (22.5 million) consists of refugees forced to flee their country (UNHCR, 2017). Stateless people are often forgotten but they also deserve attention. There are many causes for distress migration: besides conflicts and wars, the negative impacts of climate change, the degradation of the environment and the occurrence of natural hazards are laying their burden on peoples’ livelihoods. It is important to realise that 84% of migrants are hosted by developing regions (UNHCR, 2017). There is a need for international, regional and local governments to re-think policies, programmes, spatial and social planning. The UN pleas for a clear focus on facilitating safe, orderly and regular migration, enabling beneficial impact of migration for migrants and countries, for communities of destination and of origin (UN, 2017). To reach this objective, inclusive and comprehensive strategies are of utmost importance. The primary challenge for governments in the development of such inclusive and comprehensive strategies is to gain full understanding of the different forms of mobility, the complexity of interlinkages and spatial dispersion. These comprehensive strategies consist of innovative social and technical interventions and new modes of governance in response to the challenges and the specific context
Another reform of the Common Agricultural Policy: what to expect
No full textInternational audienceAnother reform of the CAP is on the agenda. This common policy, which was initiated almost 60 years ago is criticised by almost everybody. Even farmers, who are the main beneficiaries, are critical. Moreover, many NGOs that are concerned with a broad range of issues such as the environment, food safety, animal welfare, etc. argue that the CAP makes matters worse in these domains. These shortcomings and criticisms of the CAP suggest that a radical reform is in order. Yet, an analysis of the main determinants of the CAP since its inception suggests that such an outcome is very unlikely. The article focus is on a few long‐term economic and institutional forces which determine the interests of, and positions taken by, the main actors involved in the political process where they pursue their own objectives. The CAP debate today is dominated more than ever by the contradiction between the extreme pressures to cut public expenditures and the desire to protect farmers’ incomes which will be greatly affected by cuts in European payments. In this context, other societal concerns, although very vocal, will probably not be much taken into account. Similarly, equity concerns raised by the uneven distribution of payments received by farmers will probably be addressed only marginally
A Delphi approach to develop sustainable food system metrics
No full textInternational audienceRecurrent food crises and global environmental change are critical issues that pushed food security and sustainability to the top of the policy agenda. Policy-makers need assessment tools that help them decide what actions they should take to achieve these goals. This paper proposes a new metric system assessing the sustainability of food systems and diets at a subnational level adapted to the context of the Mediterranean area. Recognizing the systemic dimension of sustainability, the proposed information system builds on a vulnerability/resilience conceptual framework and considers the interactions between a set of biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of vulnerability and a number of context-specific food and nutrition security issues. A three-round iterative Delphi survey was conducted to involve a number of selected experts in the indicator selection process. 18 indicators were finally identified for eight preselected causal models of vulnerability and resilience at the interactions between a set of four drivers of change (water depletion, biodiversity loss, food price volatility, and changes in food consumption patterns) and four food and nutrition security outcomes (nutritional quality of food supply, affordability of food, dietary energy balance, and satisfaction of cultural food preferences). Each interaction was disentangled in exposure, sensitivity and resilience. The exercise allowed discussion of a conceptual and dynamic framework for food systems, and identification of indicators that gather consensus among the expert community
Le dispositif français de transition vers l’économie circulaire institutionnalise-t-il un concept ? Une analyse transversale de discours
No full textNational audienceThis article, based on the theory of the social construction of reality, aims to understand if the construction of the plan of transition towards the circular economy (dispositif de transition vers l’économie circulaire – DTEC) induces, in France, the institutionalization of a concept. The emerging concept of the circular economy (économie circulaire – EC) is situated in the context of debates on taking into account the impact of economic activity on nature (l’impact de l’activité économique sur la nature – IAEN). A corpus of French texts, participating in the DTEC since 2008, is the subject of a transversal contextualized analysis of discourse. The results show a diversified institutional job, in the theorization phase, without a common conceptualization of EC but converging on the need for a regulated territorial waste management policy. The institutionalization process is then discussed with the institutional change model. The interactions between institutional pressures to take the IAEN into account introduce the prospect of societal institutional change.Cet article vise à comprendre, avec les travaux issus de la théorie de la construction sociale du réel, si la construction du dispositif de transition vers l’économie circulaire (DTEC) induit, en France, l’institutionnalisation d’un concept. Les émergences du concept d’économie circulaire (EC) sont situées dans leur contexte de débats sur la prise en compte de l’impact de l’activité économique sur la nature (IAEN). Un corpus de textes français, participant au DTEC depuis 2008, fait l’objet d’une analyse de discours contextualisée transversale. Les résultats montrent un travail institutionnel diversifié, en phase de théorisation, sans conceptualisation commune sur l’EC mais convergeant sur la nécessité d’une politique territoriale régulée de gestion des déchets. Le processus d’institutionnalisation est ensuite discuté avec le modèle du changement institutionnel. Les interactions entre pressions institutionnelles de prise en compte de l’IAEN introduisent la perspective d’un changement institutionnel sociétal
Adaptation strategies of small-scale fisheries within changing market and regulatory conditions in the EU
No full textSUFISA - Sustainable Finance for Sustainable Agriculture and Fisheries (EU's Horizon 2020 project, Grant agreement No 635577)International audienceThis paper presents an analysis of the diversification and non-productivist practices and strategies deployed by European small-scale fishers vis-à-vis contextual regulatory and market factors. Building on resilience thinking – combined with a qualitative case study approach involving primary producers and associated stakeholders – the strategies of primary producers in two specific contexts are examined: inshore fisheries in Cornwall (UK) and coastal fisheries in Tuscany (Italy). In so doing, the analysis identifies possible adaptation strategies that can help support the sustainability of the fisheries involved. The strategies adopted by fishers include, for example, investing in innovation, reorganising the supply chain, multifunctionality and diversification, and implementing environmentally friendly activities
Rapport de synthèse sur l’agriculture en Tunisie
No full textRapport de synthèse. Initiative ENPARD Méditerranée (Commission Européenne
Mapping irrigated areas using Sentinel-1 Time series in Catalonia, Spain
No full textInternational audienceMapping irrigated plots is essential for better water resource management. Today, the free and open access Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) data with high revisit time offers a powerful tool for irrigation mapping at plot scale. Up to date, few studies have used S1 and S2 data to provide approaches for mapping irrigated plots. This study proposes a method to map irrigated plots using S1 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) time series. First, a dense temporal series of S1 backscattering coefficients were obtained at plot scale in VV (Vertical-Vertical) and VH (Vertical-Horizontal) polarizations over a study site located in Catalonia, Spain. In order to remove the ambiguity between rainfall and irrigation events, the S1 signal obtained at plot scale was used conjointly to S1 signal obtained at a grid scale (10 km x 10 km). Later, two mathematical transformations, including the principal component analysis (PCA) and the wavelet transformation (WT), were applied to the several SAR temporal series obtained in both VV and VH polarization. Irrigated areas were then classified using the principal component (PC) dimensions and the WT coefficients in two different random forest (RF) classifiers. Another classification approach using one dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) was also performed on the obtained S1 temporal series. The results derived from the RF classifiers with S1 data show high overall accuracy using the PC values (90.7%) and the WT coefficients (89.1%). By applying the CNN approach on SAR data, a significant overall accuracy of 94.1% was obtained. The potential of optical images to map irrigated areas by the mean of a normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) temporal series was also tested in this study in both the RF and the CNN approaches. The overall accuracy obtained using the NDVI in RF classifier reached 89.5% while that in the CNN reached 91.6%. The combined use of optical and radar data slightly enhanced the classification in the RF classifier but did not significantly change the accuracy obtained in the CNNapproach using S1 data