Portail HAL du CIHEAM Montpellier
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Lasting impact of COVID on grain sector / Agricultural commodity markets
No full textInternational audienc
Timetable of EU negotiations and policy developments: an overview of the rural policy framework post-2020
No full textDeliverable: Working document. SHERPA: Sustainable Hub to Engage into Rural Policies with Actors, Project ID 862448, H2020 Call ID & Topic RUR-01-2018-2019–D: Rural society-science-policy hubInternational audienceThe aim of this deliverable, D3.1, is to monitor the development of policies affecting rural areas and rural dwellers in the start of the 2020-2027 period. It provides an overview of the main negotiations and development of the rural policy framework at the EU level to the various stakeholders who will take part in the SHERPA Multi-Actor Platforms (MAPs)
Alternative food networks: good practices for sustainable performance
No full textInternational audienceNew alternative forms of distribution and consumption are emerging in the food sector in response to the deficiencies of current market practices. The increase in alternative food networks, short chains and direct selling has led to the emergence of new forms of collective action. Collective farmer shops (CFSs) are small sales outlets created by groups of farmers that aim to sell local products with social motives of transparency, sustainable farming, food quality and the improvement of the producers’ livelihood. This research aimed to study the conditions under which these organisations maintain sustainable performance by achieving both social and economic goals. We developed a qualitative research protocol through 16 semidirected interviews with outlets engaged in an alternative food network in France. The results identify two groups that achieve social and economic performance and two groups that do not (only economic performance is achieved or none)
Effect of preceding crop on nitrogen efficiency for soft winter wheat in Sais region, Morocco
No full textInternational audienceEfficiency in use of non-renewable resources is becoming critical to favor sustainability and resilience goals of agricultural systems. In Southern Mediterranean countries, agricultural development leads to environmental concerns such as water-table decrease due to over-irrigation, and water pollution, together with issues related to the unequal access to the necessary inputs needed by farmers. Wheat is an important crop in these countries, however still with higher consumption than production. In this context, our study explores the nitrogen efficiency in wheat taking into consideration the role of cultivated previous crops (legumes, cereals, irrigated market gardening, or fallow). Using a large database of cropping practices of 205 farmers surveyed in 2011-2012 in the Saïs region (Morocco), we followed a three stages approach. First, we determined the farms displaying wheat yields as close as their potential (defined by N) by applying a Stochastic Frontier Analysis to the 205 farmers' dataset. This was performed according to the type of variety, local (150 farms) and improved (56 farms). Second, we used these farms to calibrate Cropsyst, derived the values of all parameters, and used it to simulate the performances of the other farms. Third, we calculated nitrogen efficiency of all farms, and built eco-efficiency frontiers between (observed) yields, (observed) N inputs and (calculated) N absorbed. The 1 st step led us to use 17 and 16 farms to calibrate/validate Cropsyst for local and improved varieties, respectively. Performances showed a RMSE of 14.5% and 10.2% for local and improved varieties, respectively. Running simulations with CropSyst for the remaining farms, according to the optimized model parameters, lead to RMSE of 38.9% and 21.4% for local and improved varieties, respectively. For the third step, we observed the same trends while looking at observed yield vs. N input, and yield vs. N absorbed. For both, eco-efficiency trends distinguished two groups of preceding crops: legumes and irrigated market gardening showed better eco-efficiency as compared to cereals and fallow. Main differences between legumes and irrigated market gardening concern the workload, the N inputs, and the associated revenue, all being lower for legumes. In addition, the relationship between N input and N absorbed was closely determined by soil type, with three different types available in our database. These results confirm that, from a pure N efficiency point of view, legumes are "the best" preceding crops. It would be then necessary to compare these results with 2 years results regarding especially workload and raw margin
Vendre ses produits en direct et en collectif dans un magasin de producteurs : adopter un projet collectif correspondant aux fermes, adapter les fermes au projet
No full textCe volume regroupe les textes issus du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" et "Recherche finalisée et innovation" de 2014. Il a été réalisé sous l’égide du GIS Relance Agronomique. Ce volume regroupe les textes issus du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" et "Recherche finalisée et innovation" de 2014. Il a été réalisé sous l’égide du GIS Relance Agronomique.MAGPRO - Clés de réussite et impacts territoriaux des magasins de producteursNational audienceFarmers shop have developed strongly since the early 2000s. Each farmers market is the result of the specific grouping of member farms within its sales collective, conducted by people with divers motives and experiences, and incorporating farms of varying types, resources, and needs. The 17 partners in the MAGPRO project “Keys to the Success and Territorial Impact of Farmers Markets” set out to conceive, in cooperation with the agricultural producers themselves, a set of methodological tools and guidelines for establishing and accompanying regionally integrated, economically viable, and personally rewarding collective sales projects. Balancing the needs of farms, the expectations of consumers, and regional conditions and resources requires a great deal of fine tuning and numerous adjustments during both the creation phase of a farmers market and the management of its day-to-day operations. This article focuses on what can involve the integration of a farm in a farmer shop both for the collective shop and for the farmLes magasins de producteurs sont en plein essor depuis le début des années 2000. Chacun est la combinaison singulière de plusieurs fermes membres de ce collectif de vente, porté par des personnes aux motivations et parcours variés, par des fermes aux structures, ressources et besoins différents. Les 17 partenaires du projet MAGPRO « clés de réussite et impacts territoriaux des magasins de producteurs » ont souhaité produire avec les producteurs, des outils et repères pour l’accompagnement de projets viables économiquement et humainement, intégrés à leur territoire. Cet article apporte des éléments de réponse sur ce que peut impliquer l’intégration d’une exploitation dans un magasin de producteurs à la fois pour le collectif et pour l’exploitation. Il montre des ajustements multiples, depuis l’émergence du groupe à la gestion courante de la structure collective de vente, entre le magasin et les fermes qui portent le projet : à la création d’un magasin, les producteurs qui s’associent ont des parcours individuels variés, le magasin a une place prépondérante parmi leurs circuits de commercialisation mais pour des motifs divers. Le groupe devra composer avec cette diversité. A l’heure des choix structurants, comme celui d’un rayon traditionnel viande, découpant les carcasses produites par ses membres, ce sont à la fois les dimensions relatives au projet collectif (ambition commerciale, investissements, composition de l’équipe salariée) et celles concernant chaque ferme (capacité d’approvisionnement, valeurs portées par les personnes...) qui doivent être prises en compte. Mais les exploitations connaissent des évolutions importantes à leur entrée dans un magasin de producteurs ; cela concerne en premier lieu l’organisation du travail, ou les coopérations engagées entre plusieurs producteurs pour approvisionner à plusieurs un même magasin, ce point étant traité ici pour le rayon légumes
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural markets and the grains sector in the Mediterranean
No full textInternational audienceThe emergence and rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus on all continents has been sending singular signals in international markets and countries' economies. The Mediterranean (especially its Southern and Eastern rims) is not spared, being one of the most sensitive regions to world prices volatility due to its dependence on international trade. The objectives of this report are to inform the general public with facts and figures related to the threats of COVID-19 on the agri-food sector of the CIHEAM member countries and to document policy responses to those threats, with emphasis on innovative measures taken by governments. The content of the report is based on information collected from the focal points of the MED-Amin network. It focuses on the grain sector, in particular on cereals. It illustrates the importance of multilateral action and international dialogue related to food security in the region
Performance of wheat-based cropping systems and economic risk of low relative productivity assessment in a sub-dry Mediterranean environment
No full textInternational audienceThe promotion of optimum rotations and agricultural management of winter wheat-based cropping systems is very critical, as wheat is considered an essential component in the Mediterranean diet. Considering the delicate economic situation of farmers in the Mediterranean area, recommending a low risk, sustainable farming system is desirable. In this study, an innovative application of a multi-criteria field-level approach is presented, targeting food security, farmer profitability and environmental sustainability. The CropSyst biophysical simulation model was calibrated and implemented for the study site. It was chosen for its agro-environmental robustness to simulate four rotations (wheat-wheat, wheat-fallow, wheat-potato, and wheat-fava bean). Four types of wheat agricultural management systems (full fertilization and full irrigation, full fertilization and zero irrigation, zero fertilization and full irrigation, and zero fertilization and irrigation) were tested in low and high soil water holding capacity (WHC) types. The effects of soil conditions, management practices and rotation type on wheat grain yields were assessed. Furthermore, the performance of each winter wheat-based cropping system was evaluated in terms of productivity (protein production and profitability) and the efficient use of resources (nitrogen and water), as well as the economic risk of low relative productivity each one engenders. The results show that there is no particular optimal scenario that can simultaneously ensure high productivity, reduce economic risk of low relative productivity, and achieve high wheat- water- and nitrogen-use efficiency. However, the wheat-fava bean rotation cultivated with no wheat fertilization appeared to be a better substitute to the wheat-wheat rotation in terms of protein production (0.93 t/ha versus 0.8 t/ha in low WHC soil and 1.34 t/ha versus 1.17 t/ha in high WHC). This cropping system achieved a higher net profit (2111 US/ha in low WHC and 3550 US/ha in high WHC), showing high resource-use efficiency and was less risky for farmers. Moreover, a very high profit could only be attained with the wheat-potato rotation (8640 US/ha in low and high WHC, respectively), yet with low input-efficiency and high economic risk of low relative productivity
Covid-19 impact on Food security / Covid-19 questionne la mondialisation
No full textInternational audienc
Building consensus on sustainable food system assessment: applying a Delphi survey
No full textThis work was supported by the Daniel and Nina Carasso Foundation (Grant Number: 00030240) and CGIAR Research Programme Agriculture for Nutrition and HealthInternational audienceFood systems are highly complex and are driven by many economic, social, cultural, and environmental factors. In order to meet global challenges in the coming decades, a better knowledge of food system dynamics is essential to better understand how to strengthen food and nutrition security outcomes simultaneously and improve the social, environmental, and economic performance of food systems. There is a constant call for enhanced metrics to design and implement policies that address the nexus of agriculture, food, health, and the environment. Policymakers, researchers, and local practitioners are thus striving towards the identification and development of indicators in support of sustainable food systems. This chapter reports on a joint project led by Bioversity International and the International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM) to build consensus among the multidisciplinary food research community around a set of indicators (specific to the Mediterranean context) that can assess the different dimensions of the sustainability of food systems with the view to inform policymakers. Applying a Delphi survey, consensus was finally reached after three rounds of consultations involving 52 experts for 14 indicators. The application of the Delphi method in the study provides several lessons to enhance validity, replicability, participation, and consensus for further Delphi surveys
The drivers of change for the contribution of small farms to regional food security in Europe
No full textInternational audienceThe capacity of the food system to respond to the economic, demographic and environmental challenges ahead has become a topic of increasing interest, with particular attention to the roles and responsibilities of the different actors to ensure more sustainable food systems that can guarantee food and nutrition security for all. In this paper we approach the need to better understand the factors that can condition the potential contribution of small farms to regional food and nutrition security in Europe, acknowledging the role that small farms play in Europe at present. The analysis is based on a survey to 94 experts from 17 regions (NUTS3 level) in 11 different European countries, which identified the drivers of change according to the regional experts. These drivers were then categorized and their relative relevance assessed. The results indicate that some relevant drivers in the European context are linked to the capacity to adopt technologies and practices allowing adaptation to climate change, and the capacity to connect to food markets, with emphasis in the need for cooperation and collective action. The weight of other more European-specific drivers such as ‘consumer values and habits’ reveal that the future role of small farms will be very dependent on a societal change, with equity becoming a relevant component of consumers' choice