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Quand Dieu parle dans le livre : pratiques de la bibliomancie chrétienne
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Printing in French in the Low Countries in the Early Sixteenth Century: Patterns and Networks
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Promoting the Counter-Reformation in Provincial France: Printing and Bookselling in Sixteenth-Century Verdun
No full textInternational audienceThe decisions made by the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent were central to the revitalisation of Catholicism in the second half of the sixteenth century. Yet, for the most part, they were not applied in France where the kings preferred to promote their own Gallican vision of religion. Some of the most influential members of the French Church did not agree with this policy and sought to promote Tridentine reform. This was true of the archbishop of Rheims, the Cardinal of Lorraine, but also of the bishop of Verdun, Nicolas Psaume. Psaume had introduced the printing press in his episcopal seat in the early 1560s, at the very time when the kingdom of France was descending into the chaos of the Wars of Religion. He immediately used print not only to fight heresy but also to reform his own Church. His presence at the Council of Trent was significant as he was able to give a witness account of the proceedings and draw on his own experience. Alongside a more practical emphasis on Tridentine Catholicism in his own diocese, he and his successors wrote and promoted texts that would further their cause. From a provincial and peripheral city, they sought to influence national policy, sometimes working in conjunction with the presses in Rheims. In order to analyse the importance of religious debate in the developing print culture of Verdun, this article uses evidence taken from the local archives, as well from the printed books themselves. It examines the contents of the editions published in Verdun (and in particular in the paratexts) in conjunction with an analysis of provenance marks to be found on other volumes. This enables us to understand fully the importance of the printed book to the local Catholic Church. It illustrates the role played by the ecclesiastical authorities in attracting printers and the use they made of the presses. Their wider attitude to the book in the diocese is considered, as are their sometimes contrasting reactions to Protestant booksellers. Though the part played by local bishops was important, this article also looks at the impact of the newly founded Jesuit college in the city as well as the wider Catholic community. The presence of a strong manuscript tradition of religious book production that preceded the arrival of the presses is also examined and shows how the city changed from being a producer of expensive and exclusive Latin books to the purveyor of often cheap, short, French works that sought to influence the widest possible readership
Ce que l'internet fait à l'écriture
No full textCf. http://www.psychanalyse.be/revue/page.php?article=71r1International audienceThe internet is a technical system that relies heavily on writing. It is even its contemporary form. Writing is not only a support of thought, it also informs it: through the know-how, the methods and the reflections that writing induces, writing shapes the frameworks of our thought: our culture of writing. Hence, writing is defined as a technology of the intellect. The Internet allows us to understand these facts which are already known by historians and anthropologists of writing: its material and social realities are noticeable, it also helps us to understand the technical and collective dimensions of our thinking. As the internet indicates a binary and networked writing, which modifies our systems of signs, our supports, our methods, it also modifies these frameworks. But few people master this new writing, monopolized by the digital industry and today deeply unstable. These turbulences also signal an agency: if we choose to become digital literates, we can become sculptors of this digital culture and profile it according to our values.L’internet est un système technique qui repose beaucoup sur l’écriture. Il en est même la forme contemporaine. Or l’écriture n’est pas qu’un support de la pensée. Elle l’informe aussi: l’écriture, par l’intermédiaire des savoir-faire, des méthodes, des réflexions qu’elle induit, dessine les cadres dans lesquels notre pensée peut se déployer: notre culture de l’écrit. Aussi l’écriture est-elle définie comme une technologie de l’intellect. L’internet nous permet de comprendre ce fait déjà connu des historiens et anthropologues de l’écriture: ses réalités matérielles et sociales s’affichent, tout comme les dimensions technique et collective de notre pensée. Comme l’internet signale une écriture (binaire et réticulée) qui modifie nos systèmes de signes, nos supports, nos méthodes, il modifie aussi l’ensemble de ces cadres. Or peu de personnes maîtrisent cette nouvelle écriture, monopolisée par l’industrie du numérique et aujourd’hui profondément instable. Ces turbulences signalent aussi une capacité d’agir. Si nous choisissons de devenir des lettrés du numérique, nous pouvons devenir acteurs de cette culture numérique à venir et la profiler avec nos valeurs
Ambassadeurs clients dans le secteur des télécoms : Quelles contributions pour l'e-réputation d'un annonceur ?
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O arquivo e seus vários usos na televisão francesa dos 1950 até o presente
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