Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Assessing the Risk of Windborne Dispersal of Culicoides Midges in Emerging Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Outbreaks in France
No full text2/3/1International audienceThe epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a novel emerging threat for the European livestock sector. First detected in Sardinia and southern Spain at the end of 2022, this transboundary disease emerged in France in September 2023 despite restrictions on animal movement and enhanced surveillance protocols. Although virus spread is believed to be mediated by the dispersal of Culicoides vectors by the wind, prediction is difficult due to the large number of meteorological parameters that must be considered. Using simulations of atmospheric trajectories, we developed a model to investigate the long‐distance dispersal risk zone of Culicoides in Europe, starting from different source zones. Our model predicted with good sensitivity the newly EHDV‐infected areas in France over a period of 5 weeks after its first introduction in the country. Prospectively, we predicted that the midge dispersal zone of early 2024 could expand toward most of the western half of France and could sporadically reach new countries under favorable spring conditions. The wind dispersal risk maps provided are intended to support better preparedness and response to Culicoides ‐borne diseases
Dataset on productive functional traits at first lactation and productive longevity from a herd of 185 Montbéliarde and Holstein cows managed on a low-input mountain-area grassland farm
No full text1International audienceThe dataset available here comes from an experimental dairy cattle farm located in a mountain region in Central France, where the feeding systems are mostly pasture grazing combined with a period of indoor overwintering during the colder months. The dataset comprises individual productive and functional traits covering over 36 different variables in 185 primiparous Montb & eacute;liarde and Holstein cows, followed by data on productive longevity and reason for culling. The data was collected over a 20-year period during which animal husbandry and data collection protocols remained consistent. Potential re-users of the data are private-sector professionals, farmer associations, and researchers interested in developing statistical and mechanistic models and simulations of individual dairy cows under low-input grassland-based systems
Development, feeding, and sex shape the relative quantity of the nutritional obligatory symbiont Wolbachia in bed bugs
No full text2International audienceThe common bed bug, Cimex lectularius , is a hemipteran insect that feeds only on blood, and whose bites cause public health issues. Due to globalization and resistance to insecticides, this pest has undergone a significant and global resurgence in recent decades. Blood is an unbalanced diet, lacking notably sufficient B vitamins. Like all strict hematophagous arthropods, bed bugs host a nutritional symbiont supplying B vitamins. In C. lectularius , this nutritional symbiont is the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia (wCle). It is located in specific symbiotic organs, the bacteriomes, as well as in ovaries. Experimental depletion of wCle has been shown to result in longer nymphal development and lower fecundity. These phenotypes were rescued by B vitamin supplementation. Understanding the interaction between wCle and the bed bug may help to develop new pest control methods targeting the disruption of this symbiotic interaction. The objective of this work was thus to quantify accurately the density of wCle over the life cycle of the host and to describe potential associated morphological changes in the bacteriome. We also sought to determine the impact of sex, feeding status, and aging on the bacterial population dynamics. We showed that the relative quantity of wCle continuously increases during bed bug development, while the relative size of the bacteriome remains stable. We also showed that adult females harbor more wCle than males and that wCle relative quantity decreases slightly in adults with age, except in weekly-fed males. These results are discussed in the context of bed bug ecology and will help to define critical points of the symbiotic interaction during the bed bug life cycle
Surveys on Baylisascaris procyonis in two of the three French wild raccoon populations
No full textInternational audienceHuman infection by Baylisascaris procyonis can result in larva migrans syndromes, which can cause severe neurological sequelae and fatal cases. The raccoon serves as the definitive host of the nematode, harboring adult worms in its intestine and excreting millions of eggs into the environment via its feces. Transmission to paratenic hosts (such as rodents, birds and rabbits) or to humans occurs by accidental ingestion of eggs. The occurrence of B. procyonis in wild raccoons has been reported in several Western European countries. In France, raccoons have currently established three separate and expanding populations as a result of at least three independent introductions. Until now the presence of B. procyonis in these French raccoon populations has not been investigated. Between 2011 and 2021, 300 raccoons were collected from both the south-western and north-eastern populations. The core parts of the south-western and north-eastern French raccoon populations were free of B. procyonis. However, three worms (molecularly confirmed) were detected in a young raccoon found at the edge of the north-eastern French raccoon population, close to the Belgian and Luxemburg borders. Population genetic structure analysis, genetic exclusion tests and factorial correspondence analysis all confirmed that the infected raccoon originated from the local genetic population, while the same three approaches showed that the worms were genetically distinct from the two nearest known populations in Germany and the Netherlands. The detection of an infected raccoon sampled east of the northeastern population raises strong questions about the routes of introduction of the roundworms. Further studies are required to test wild raccoons for the presence of B. procyonis in the area of the index case and further east towards the border with Germany
Seroprevalence and renal carriage of pathogenic Leptospira in livestock in Cotonou, Benin
No full textThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1002/vms3.1432/3/1The data that supports the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article.We assert that the sampling protocol adhered to French and European legislation on the treatment and usage of animals (Directive2010/63/EC and French Administrative Decision 118-2013/02/01). The field work was conducted in accordance with the procedure approved by VetAgroSup Ethic Committee (agreementn◦2349).International audienceBACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. It is particularly prevalent in tropical countries and has major consequences for human and animal health. In Benin, the disease's epidemiology remains poorly understood, especially in livestock, for which data are lacking.OBJECTIVES: To characterise Leptospira seroprevalence and locally circulating serogroups in livestock from Cotonou and to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira renal carriage in cattle.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in February 2020 during which livestock were sampled at an abattoir and in an impoverished city district. We analysed blood samples from 279 livestock animals (i.e. cattle, sheep, goats and pigs) using the microscopic agglutination test. Additionally, samples of renal tissue from 100 cattle underwent 16s rRNA (rrs) real-time PCR analysis.RESULTS: For the 131 cattle, 85 sheep, and 50 goats tested, seroprevalence was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI] [12%, 26%]), 9% (95% CI [4%, 17%] and 2% (95% CI [0%, 9%]), respectively, and most of the seropositive animals were associated with 1:100 titres. All 13 pigs were seronegative. Leptospira DNA was found in the renal tissue of 10% (95% CI [5%, 18%]) of the cattle tested (n=100). Leptospira borgpetersenii was the main species present (n=7), but Leptospira interrogans (n=2) and Leptospira kirschneri (n=1) were also detected. Various serogroups (Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Australis and Autumnalis) were detected using microscopic agglutination test without a clear predominance of any of them.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that abattoir workers and people living in close contact with livestock in poor urban areas are exposed to the risk of Leptospira infection
Ecological assessment of combined sewer overflow management practices through the analysis of benthic and hyporheic sediment bacterial assemblages from an intermittent stream
No full text2International audienceCombined sewer overflows (CSO) are used to avoid overloading unitary sewers and wastewater treatment plants. Following the European Council Directive on Urban Wastewater Treatment (UWT), CSO discharges are regulated using guidelines that aim to reduce their ecological impact on aquatic systems. A model CSO, which is part of a long-term experimental field observatory, was modified according to these guidelines and used to evaluate the benefits of compliance through analyses of the bacteriological and chemical states of the receiving intermittent stream. The benthic and hyporheic sediments of similar geomorphic units located upstream and downstream of a monitored CSO outlet were compared before and after changes in CSO regimes. Hydrological, pollutants (Metal Trace Elements, MTE; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAH; fecal indicator bacteria, FIB), and tpm-based DNA meta-barcoding datasets resolving the occurrences of >700 bacterial species of nearly 200 genera were studied. The frequency of overflow was confirmed to have significantly decreased following the application of the UWT guidelines. Overflows became almost limited to periods of heavy summer thunderstorm events. These changes were not associated with a significant decrease in most of the surveyed MTE, PAH, and FIB among stream sediments, except for chromium. Ecological benefits were highlighted by significant changes in tpm-based meta-barcoding community patterns between the UWT compliant sampling period and the previous one. Bacterial community change point analyses confirmed this segregation in the meta-barcoding dataset according to hydrological indices such as the number of CSO events and discharged volumes. A significant decline in CSO bacterial taxa in the benthic and hyporheic sediments was observed. Thirty-four CSO indicator species were identified, including Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas media, and Pseudomonas oleovorans. These indicators, often documented as opportunistic pathogens (to humans, animals or plants) and/or pollutant degraders, were proposed as ecological sentinels for the assessment of CSO impacts
Analyse de la prédation de loupssur des bovins : le cas des 2 Savoie
No full textInternational audienceDAFNAE 3-UNE MORTALITÉ D'ORIGINE INDÉTERMINÉE Malgré 63% de dommages concluant à une responsabilité du loup ne pouvant être exclue (potentielles attaques) et 37% de dommages concluant à une responsabilité du loup est exclue, l'origine de la mortalité reste, dans ces deux cas, majoritairement indéterminée (58% et 56%).Figure 5 Répartition de la cause de la mortalité (dommages dont la responsabilité du loup est non exclue (93 dommages) / exclue (54 dommages), Savoie, Haute-Savoie, 2015-2020, (Virapin M., 2021)</div
Présentation du projet ANR Corr-Proust, édition numérique de la correspondance de Proust, par les partenaires (Litt&Arts, ITEM, LinX, Université de l’Illinois)
No full textInternational audiencehttps://www.item.ens.fr/de-la-lettre-a-loeuvre-autour-de-ledition-corr-proust
