Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Emerging Technological Advances in Improving the Safety of Muscle Foods: Framing in the Context of the Food Revolution 4.0
No full text1International audienceTo address the issues related to high perishability and limited shelf life of food proteins from muscle origin, different innovative processing, and preservation techniques, as well as analytical methodological approaches have been developed to meet environmental challenges and consumer demand for food of high quality and sustainable production supported by circular economy principles. This development has been enhanced and increased during the ongoing age of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), which has been gaining momentum since 2015, coming up with a range of automated and digitized technologies. This review provides an updated overview of the recently developed thermal and nonthermal processing and preservation technologies, along with selected advanced analytical techniques used in the industry of muscle foods. Particular attention has been given to Industry 4.0 technologies and their role in achieving smart production with high automation and digitalization rates. As in other industry sectors, technology breakthroughs are reshaping the food industry, including the muscle food sector. Emerging technologies, such as pulsed electric field, high-pressure processing, ohmic heating, nanotechnology, advanced mass spectrometry and hyperspectral imaging sensors are among the key elements in the current food revolution 4.0. Although Industry 4.0 offers countless possibilities, more studies are still needed to capture its full potential and further harness its technologies to solve current challenges and move forward toward Industry 5.0
From Food Industry 4.0 to Food Industry 5.0: Identifying technological enablers and potential future applications in the food sector
No full text1International audienceAlthough several food‐related fields have yet to fully grasp the speed and breadth of the fourth industrial revolution (also known as Industry 4.0), growing literature from other sectors shows that Industry 5.0 (referring to the fifth industrial revolution) is already underway. Food Industry 4.0 has been characterized by the fusion of physical, digital, and biological advances in food science and technology, whereas future Food Industry 5.0 could be seen as a more holistic, multidisciplinary, and multidimensional approach. This review will focus on identifying potential enabling technologies of Industry 5.0 that could be harnessed to shape the future of food in the coming years. We will review the state‐of‐the‐art studies on the use of innovative technologies in various food and agriculture applications over the last 5 years. In addition, opportunities and challenges will be highlighted, and future directions and conclusions will be drawn. Preliminary evidence suggests that Industry 5.0 is the outcome of an evolutionary process and not of a revolution, as is often claimed. Our results show that regenerative and/or conversational artificial intelligence, the Internet of Everything, miniaturized and nanosensors, 4D printing and beyond, cobots and advanced drones, edge computing, redactable blockchain, metaverse and immersive techniques, cyber‐physical systems, digital twins, and sixth‐generation wireless and beyond are likely to be among the main driving technologies of Food Industry 5.0. Although the framework, vision, and value of Industry 5.0 are becoming popular research topics in various academic and industrial fields, the agri‐food sector has just started to embrace some aspects and dimensions of Industry 5.0
β(1-6)glucan homopolymer in mycoplasma capsules
No full textInternational audienceβ(1-6)glucopyranose (β(1-6)glucan) polysaccharidic capsules have been previously described in three ruminant mycoplasma species (Mycoplasma (M.) agalactiae, M. feriruminatoris and M. mycoides subsp. capri serovar capri) and associated to pro-inflammatory properties (Rubin-Bejerano et al., 2007). The aim of this study was to determine if other Mycoplasma species from different animal hosts (ruminants but also poultry, swine and primates) were also able to secrete capsular β(1-6)glucan. A first in vitro screening conducted using the non-specific Dubois’ method for polysaccharides quantification evidenced a polysaccharidic capsule in various mycoplasmas infecting ruminants, primates and poultry but not swine. Amongst them, only M. iowae strain I695 was shown by dot blot to produce a capsule containing β(1-6)glucan.Genome comparisons evidenced in M. iowae strain I695 (accession number of the genome: CP033512.2) a β(1-6)glucan biosynthesis pathway similar to that previously described in M. agalactiae strain L14628 (Gaurivaud et al., 2016). Furthermore, an antigenic variation resulting in sectored colonies using immunoblotting assays was observed in both strains. In M. agalactiae L14628 this variation is due to a nine-G repetition at the beginning of the gene coding the glycosyltransferase responsible for the secretion of the β(1-6)glucan (Gaurivaud et al., 2016). In M. iowae I695 the presence of a nine-TA repetition at the beginning of the glycosyltransferase gene might similarly be responsible for the antigenic variation.The potential secretion of a β(1-6)glucan capsule was screened in vitro by colony blotting and by a PCR assay targeting the gene coding the glycosyltransferase in different M. iowae isolates.Preliminary results indicate that out of 21 isolates only the strain I695 produces a β(1-6)glucan capsule in vitro and is equipped with the gene coding the glycosyltransferase. The absence of a glycosyltransferase gene has so far been confirmed by WGS of three isolates (with available genome in Genbank for one of them). This suggests that the β(1-6)glucan capsule production is not a characteristic of the M. iowae species, in contrast to what was observed in M. agalactiae. The role of the capsule in serum-killing susceptibility of the isolates will be further ssessed
Actualités sur les encéphalopathies vasculaires ischémiques ou hémorragiques du chien
No full textConsensus du groupe d'étude en neurologie (AFVAC)National audienceLes encéphalopathies vasculaires du Chien, ischémiques ou hémorragiques, sont à l'origine de signes cliniques impressionnants. Leur diagnostic s'est amélioré grâce aux techniques d'imagerie moderne, notamment l'IRM et le scanner.Les accidents vasculaires cérébraux chez le Chien peuvent être confondus avec d'autres affections neurologiques.Leur prise en charge dépend de la localisation des lésions, de l'importance des signes cliniques et de l'identification des causes sous-jacentes.Le traitement vise à minimiser les dommages secondaires avec un soutien adapté.Un diagnostic rapide améliore les chances de récupération et la qualité de vie des animaux atteints
Species richness: A pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality
No full text1International audienceAbstract Temperate seminatural grasslands harbour unique biodiversity, support livestock farming through forage production, and deliver many essential ecosystem services (ESs) to human society; they are highly multifunctional. However, temperate grassland ecosystems are also among the most threatened ecosystems on earth due to land use and climate changes. Understanding how biodiversity, climate and land use intensification impact grassland multifunctionality through complex direct and indirect pathways is critical to better anticipate the future of these fragile ecosystems. Here, we evaluate how local plant species richness (SR) modulates the effect of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality (using six key ESs: biomass productivity and stability, forage quality, carbon storage, pollination and local plant rarity) in the French Massif Central, the largest grassland in Western Europe. We sampled 100 grasslands with contrasted fertilization rates and SR, over large elevational and latitudinal gradients related to variation in mean annual temperature (MAT), and drought severity (DS), two key climate change drivers predicted to increase in the future. Using a confirmatory path analysis, we found that SR was the main driver of multifunctionality. We also found significant SR × MAT and SR × fertilization interactions suggesting that warm climate and high fertilization rates alter the biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. Furthermore, increasing temperature and fertilization indirectly influenced multifunctionality by decreasing SR and consequent multifunctionality in warm lowland and highly fertilized grasslands compared to colder montane grasslands or less fertilized ones. DS only impacted some ES individually (e.g. forage quality). Synthesis and applications : We identified species richness (SR) as a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on multifunctionality through both direct and indirect pathways. Failing to account for changes in SR could thus bias any prediction of, or aggravate, the effects of land use intensification and climate change on ecosystem services delivery in temperate grassland ecosystems. Considering that SR, mean annual temperature and fertilization are major proxies of three main global change drivers (biodiversity loss, climate change and land use intensification) our study may help to better anticipate the effect of multiple interacting global change drivers on grassland ecosystems.Résumé Les prairies semi‐naturelles tempérées abritent une biodiversité unique, soutiennentl'élevage grâce à la production de fourrage et fournissent de nombreux servicesécosystémiques (SE) essentiels aux sociétés humaines; elles sont hautementmultifonctionnelles. Cependant, les écosystèmes prairiaux tempérées sont égalementparmi les plus menacés de la planète à cause des changements d’utilisation desterres et des changements climatiques. Il est essentiel de comprendre comment labiodiversité, le climat et l'intensification de l'utilisation des terres influent sur lamultifonctionnalité des prairies par des voies directes et indirectes complexes pourmieux anticiper l'avenir de ces écosystèmes fragiles. Ici, nous évaluons comment la richesse spécifique végétale locale (RS) module l'effetde l'intensification de l'utilisation des terres et du climat sur la multifonctionnalité desprairies (en utilisant six SE clés: la productivité et la stabilité de la biomasse, laqualité du fourrage, le stock de carbone dans le sol, la pollinisation et la rareté desplantes à échelle locale) dans le Massif Central français, la plus grande prairied'Europe de l'Ouest. Nous avons échantillonné 100 prairies avec des taux de fertilisation et RS contrastés sur de larges gradients d'altitude et de latitude liés à lavariation de la température annuelle moyenne (TAM) et à la sévérité dessécheresses (SS), deux facteurs clés du changement climatique qui devraientaugmenter à l'avenir. En utilisant une analyse de piste confirmatoire, nous avons constaté que la RS étaitle principal moteur de la multifonctionnalité. Nous avons également trouvé desinteractions significatives entre RS × TAM et RS × fertilisation, ce qui suggère que leclimat chaud et les niveaux de fertilisation élevés modifient les relations entre labiodiversité et la multifonctionnalité de l'écosystème. En outre, l'augmentation de latempérature et de la fertilisation a diminué la RS et, par conséquent, lamultifonctionnalité dans les prairies chaudes de basse altitude et fortement fertiliséespar rapport aux prairies montagnardes plus froides ou aux prairies moins fertilisées.La SS n'a eu d'impact que sur certains ES individuellement (par exemple, la qualitédu fourrage). Synthèse et applications : Nous avons identifié la richesse spécifique (RS) commeétant un facteur essentiel de médiation des effets de l'intensification de l'utilisationdes terres et du climat sur la multifonctionnalité par des voies directes et indirectes. Le fait de ne pas tenir compte des changements dans la RS pourrait donc faussertoute prévision des effets de l'intensification de l'utilisation des terres et duchangement climatique sur la fourniture de services écosystémiques dans lesécosystèmes de prairies tempérées, voire les aggraver. Étant donné que la RS, latempérature annuelle moyenne et la fertilisation sont des indicateurs majeurs de troisprincipaux facteurs de changement global (perte de biodiversité, changementclimatique et intensification de l'utilisation des terres), notre étude peut aider à mieuxanticiper l'effet de multiples facteurs de changement global en interaction sur lesécosystèmes prairiaux
How sustainable are territorialised food systems? A DELPHI approach for routine quantitative analysis
No full textInternational audienceFaced with climate change and the increase in food-related diseases, policy makers are looking for new levers to encourage more sustainable consumption behaviour and food systems. The reterritorialisation of food, mainly addressed through the development of short food chains and local food policies, is presented as a potential solution. However, 8territorialised food systems9 (TFS) are still vague systems, in constant evolution, and on which quantitative data are still rare. The objective of the PLAT4TERFOOD project carried out in France (2023-2028) is to develop robust methods and adapted devices to produce new data allowing to better characterize these systems and to evaluate their impacts in the long term. The objective of this communication is to present the results of the DELPHI method used at the beginning of the project to both co-circumscribe TFS and co-define indicators for routine quantitative analysis of their contribution to sustainability. Experts from 4 activity sectors were asked to comment on an operational definition of TFS, to select impact indicators and to prioritise the key sustainability issues to be measured for TFS. Results are intended to facilitate the monitoring and steering of TFS, in particular in conjunction with local food policies that are developing in Western countries
Understanding, Assessing and Improving Farm Animal Welfare
No full textInternational audienceImproving welfare in farmed animals is good for productivity, consumer demand and, of course, the animals themselves. Covering the current scientific knowledge on the sensitivity and consciousness of animals, this translation of the Le Bien-être des animaux d'élevage series reviews how to understand, assess and then improve farm animal welfare.Beginning with the philosophical and legal history of the consideration of their well-being, it synthesizes this information to build a common reference so that we all share the same notion of what animal welfare actually is. It then evaluates the welfare assessment process, which must be as reliable and objective as possible and require the use of appropriate indicators. Fully outlined in reference documents, these are summarized at the level of specific farming situations for easy reference. Concluding with the different ways of improving animal welfare, the book takes a holistic approach, considering the animals' physical and social environment, the integrated management of their health, the relationship between human and animal, the management of animal suffering, and treatment of animals during transportation and slaughter.Suitable for students and researchers of animal agriculture, animal science and veterinary medicine, this book provides an approachable and comprehensive coverage of this important topic
From data on gross activity to the characterization of animal behaviour: which metrics for which purposes?
No full text1/3International audienceThe behaviour of an animal is closely linked to its internal state. Various metrics can be calculated from activity data. Complex patterns of activity within or between individuals, such as cyclic patterns and synchrony, can inform on the biological functioning, the health status, or the welfare of an animal. These patterns are now available thanks to sensors that continuously monitor the activity of individual animals over long periods. Data processing and calculations, however, should be clarified and harmonised across studies for the results to be comparable. We present metrics describing activity patterns, we discuss their significance, relevance and limitations for behavioural and welfare studies, and we detail how they can be calculated. Four groups of metrics are distinguished: metrics related to overall activity (e.g., time spent in each activity per unit of time), metrics related to fluctuations around mean activity, metrics related to the cyclicity of activity, and metrics related to the synchrony between animals. Metrics may take statistical approaches (e.g., average and variance) or modelling approaches (e.g., Fourier Transform). Examples are taken essentially from cattle for who individual activity sensors are easily available at present. The calculations, however, can be applied to other species and can be performed on data obtained from sensors as well as visual observations. The present methodological article will help researchers to obtain the most benefit from activity data and will support the decision of which metric can be used to address a given purpose.</div
Leveraging the potential of fourth industrial revolution technologies to reduce and valorize waste and by-products in the dairy sector
No full text1International audienceRecent years have seen a growing convergence between digital, physical, and biological disciplines, heralding a major shift in agriculture and the food industry, led by advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, big data, smart sensors, robotics, three-dimensional printing, and blockchain, among others. These technological innovations constitute the core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (called Industry 4.0) that is currently reshaping many agri-food sectors, including the dairy industry. Growing evidence shows that harnessing the power of Industry 4.0 technologies in the dairy sector could have several benefits, such as improved quality, traceability, and productivity, decreased production cost and time, and most importantly, from a sustainability point of view, reduced waste and by-products. This short review will focus on the potential of leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies in the reduction and valorization of waste and by-products in the dairy sector
Fracture patellaire par avulsion ligamentaire chez un Alaskan Husky
No full textNational audienceChez le chien, les fractures de la rotule sont rares et principalement traumatiques. Leur prise en charge est, la plupart du temps, chirurgicale et est souvent associée à des réparations ligamentaires