Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Masse cervicale ventrale droite chez un chat
No full text3International audienceAn eleven-year-old neutered male Bengal cat presented for a right ventral cervical mass associated with ipsilateral Horner syndrome, partially responsive to corticosteroid and antibiotic injections. The first histological analysis was in favour of granulomatous inflammation and the second in favour of a malignant lymphoma of uncertain grade. The extension work-up and histological analyses suggested an atypical Hodgkin-like lymphoma. Chemotherapy and surgical excision resulted in complete clinical remission two months after initiation of treatment. Post-operative histological analysis was consistent with a mixed pyogranulomatous and lymphoid population. Hodgkin lymphoma is an atypical lymphoma that is rarely described in veterinary medicine. It generally develops in a single lymph node or a chain of lymph nodes, is often indolent in nature and is often curable. The aim of this case study is to review current knowledge of Hodgkin's lymphoma in cats in comparison with knowledge of human oncology.Un chat Bengal mâle castré de onze ans est présenté en consultation à la suite de l’apparition d’une masse cervicale ventrale droite associée à un syndrome de Claude Bernard-Horner ipsilatéral et répondant partiellement à des injections de corticoïdes et d’antibiotiques. La première analyse histologique est en faveur d’une inflammation granulomateuse et la seconde en faveur d’un lymphome malin de grade incertain. Le bilan d’extension ainsi que les analyses histologiques orientent le diagnostic vers un lymphome atypique de type Hodgkin-like. Une polychimiothérapie et une exérèse chirurgicale permettent d’obtenir une rémission clinique complète deux mois après le début de la prise en charge. L’analyse histologique en postopératoire est en faveur d’une population mixte pyogranulomateuse et lymphoïde. Le lymphome hodgkinien est un lymphome atypique peu décrit en médecine vétérinaire qui se développe généralement dans un seul nœud lymphatique ou une chaîne de nœuds lymphatiques. Celui-ci est souvent indolent et est parfois curable. Les objectifs sont de faire un état des lieux à travers ce cas des connaissances actuelles sur le lymphome hodgkinien chez le chat en comparaison avec les connaissances en cancérologie humaine
Different Founding Effects Underlie Dominant Blue Eyes (DBE) in the Domestic Cat
No full text3International audienceDuring the last twenty years, minimal white spotting associated with blue eyes was selected by feline breeders to create the Altai, Topaz, and Celestial breeds. Additionally, certain breeders introduced this trait in their lineages of purebred cats. The trait has been called “dominant blue eyes (DBE)” and was confirmed to be autosomal dominant in all lineages. DBE was initially described in outbred cats from Kazakhstan and Russia and in two purebred lineages of British cats from Russia, as well as in Dutch Maine Coon cats, suggesting different founding effects. We have previously identified two variants in the Paired Box 3 (PAX3) gene associated with DBE in Maine Coon and Celestial cats; however, the presence of an underlying variant remains undetermined in other DBE breeding lines. Using a genome-wide association study, we identified a single region on chromosome C1 that was associated with DBE in British cats. Within that region, we identified PAX3 as the strongest candidate gene. Whole-genome sequencing of a DBE cat revealed an RD-114 retrovirus LTR (long terminal repeat) insertion within PAX3 intron 4 (namely NC_018730.3:g.206975776_206975777insN[433]) known to contain regulatory sequences. Using a panel of 117 DBE cats, we showed that this variant was fully associated with DBE in two British lineages, in Altai cats, and in some other DBE lineages. We propose that this NC_018730.3:g.206975776_206975777insN[433] variant represents the DBEALT (Altai Dominant Blue Eye) allele in the domestic cat. Finally, we genotyped DBE cats from 14 lineages for the three PAX3 variants and showed that they were not present in four lineages, confirming genetic heterogeneity of the DBE trait in the domestic cat
Hip nanoscopy: Comparative study with standard arthroscopy and clinical cases
No full textInternational audienc
Brodifacoum Isomer Formulations with Potentially Lower Risk to Non-Target Wildlife
No full textInternational audienceAnticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) have a long history of successful use in controlling vertebrate pest and invasive species. Despite regulatory efforts to mitigate risk, non-target wildlife may be unintentionally exposed to ARs through various trophic pathways, and depending on dose, exposure can result in adverse effects and mortality. Second-generation ARs (SGARs) are mixtures of cis-and trans-diastereoisomers (each including two stereoisomers) that exhibit similar in vitro inhibitory potency for vitamin K epoxide reductase in rodent microsomal assay systems. Some diastereoisomers and hence some individual stereoisomers are preferentially metabolized in vivo, resulting in residue patterns in exposed target rodents that differ from the bait formulations. Use of less persistent but equally potent SGAR stereoisomers in baits results in lower tissue residues in target rodents, which in turn constitutes lower risk when consumed by non-target wildlife. The toxicity of two brodifacoum formulations with stereoisomers having markedly different elimination half-lives in rats (Formulation A containing the two least persistent stereoisomers, and Formulation B containing the most persistent stereoisomer) were tested in a 7-day dietary feeding trial with American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Based on previous kestrel studies using commercially available brodifacoum, Formulations A and B were each provided at three dietary concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 µg/g diet, 4 kestrels/dose level) predicted to cause a range of toxicity. Compared to unexposed controls, all kestrels that ingested 0.5 µg/g diet of the longer-lived Formulation B exhibited extreme coagulopathy. In contrast, the 0.5 µg/g diet of the shorter-lived Formulation A yielded only a modest lengthening of clotting time in just 1 of the 4 exposed kestrels. These findings support the notion that SGAR baits enriched with less persistent stereoisomers may pose lower hazard and ultimately risk to non-target wildlife.</div
Protein expression patterns and activities of two metabolic enzymes (CS and LDH) highlight a disturbance in the metabolic pathways of tree frogs living in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
No full textInternational audienceWhile wildlife is chronically exposed to various sources and levels of ionizing radiation in the environment, studies regarding the long-term impact of long-lived radio-contaminant released in case of accident (137Cs, 90Sr, Pu), are still scarce, patchy, and sometimes contradictory1. Among the species relevant to understand and quantify the effects of radiological exposure on wildlife, amphibians such as the tree frog are sentinel organisms of choice2; they (i) have a highly permeable skin to pollutants, (ii) are exposed to pollutants via diversified habitats (aquatic and terrestrial), (iii) have a limited migration capacity, (iv) are among the reference animals listed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to assess the toxic risk of ionizing radiation3. In radiocontaminated areas immediately after the Chernobyl (nuclear power plant) and Kychtym (Maïak, reprocessing plant) accidents, the effects described on brown frogs (Rana arvalis) were a reduction in male fertility, egg size and egg laying3. Beyond this acute short term results, in more recent IRSN studies on the tree frog Hyla orientalis living in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) for ~15 generations, analyses of genetic diversity and transcriptomics studies showed a high rate of mitochondrial mutations, a modulation of genes relative to energy metabolism, and, a small population size with a higher affiliation rate for those living in the most radio-contaminated areas4,5. This raises questions on the ability of populations to maintain themselves and on their health status. In that way, to go further, proteomic analyses of frog muscles of the same individuals were performed after protein extraction and digestion, peptide separation and analysis via nanoHPLC (Ultimate 3000RSLC) and mass spectrometry (Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid - Thermo Fisher Scientific). In addition, the activity of two enzymes involved in the energetic metabolism, i.e. citrate synthase6 (aerobic metabolism) and lactate dehydrogenase7 (anaerobic metabolism), was measured. All results were analyzed in relation to individual dose rates.Regarding proteomics, the full detected protein set was around 3600 proteins, whereas for data treatment the data sets used were either of 2370 proteins (i.e. 70% proteins with quantitative values for each site), or of 1700 proteins (i.e. 100% proteins with quantitative values, no missing data). Differential analysis between extrema conditions (lower vs higher dose rates) highlighted ~150 proteins oppositely modulated, that could correspond to a protein signature of radio-contamination present in the CEZ. highlighted differential signature and abundancy depending on the area of sampling (highly contaminated in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) vs control area). Study of underlying biological pathways is in process and will be presented. Parallelly, dose-response modelling of proteomic data has been proceeded using DRomics8 on the full quantitative data set. Results showed 364 significant proteins successfully modelled over the dose gradient. GO enrichment highlighted four significant enriched pathways (FDR 5%) i.e. ‘Carboxylic acid metabolic process’, ‘Cellular lipid catabolic process’, ‘Fatty acid beta-oxidation’ and ‘Small molecule catabolic process’. Regarding enzyme activities, preliminary results showed a tendency to modify the ratio between anaerobic and aerobic metabolisms.All these results seem to confirm by two further approaches a disturbance in the metabolic pathways, notably the ones linked to fatty acids (β-oxidation, catabolism). Investigations will be carried on deciphering the biological pathways involved in long term effects of radiocontamination and conclude on CEZ tree frog health status.Acknowledgements to G. Orizaola (Oviedo University, Spain), P. Burraco (Doñana Biological Station, Spain) for sampling campaign help; S. Gashack and Y. Gulyaichenko (Chornobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology, Ukraine) for sampling campaign help and sample radioactive activity measurements.1 Beresford, N. A., N. Horemans, et al. (2020). Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 211.2 Helbing, C. C. (2012). Frontiers in Genetics 3(MAR).3 ICRP (2008). ICRP Publication 108. : 206.4 Car, C., A. Gilles, et al. (2022). Evolutionary Applications 15(2): 203-219.5 Car, C., A. Gilles, et al. (2023). BMC Biology 21(1).6 Alp, P., Newsholme, E. et al. (1976) Biochem. J. 154, 689-7007 Crabtree, B. and Newsholme, E. (1972) Biochem. J. 126, 49-588 Larras, F., E. Billoir, et al. (2018). Environmental Science and Technology 52(24): 14461-14468
Mycoplasma equirhinis, a neglected player in equine respiratory disorders ?
No full textInternational audienceRespiratory disorders are responsible for poor performance in racehorses and for overall significant economic problems in the equine industry. Bacteria belonging to the Mycoplasma (M.) genus have been regularly reported in up to 15% of clinical specimens in different countries, but their clinical contribution remains unclear.To assess their role, a detection / isolation protocol combining culture and post-enrichment PCRs was optimized and used on 1,948 respiratory samples collected from 1,764 horses in France over the 2020-2022 period. The prevalence of mycoplasmas was refined to 16.1%, with a predominance of M. equirhinis (Mequi) species (85.3%). We further used a clinical scoring, a risk factor analysis as well as a test for association with other bacteria and viruses to improve our understanding of the clinical role of Mequi. In contrast to the pattern of primary pathogens, Mequi prevalence remained steady whatever the clinical score. Nonetheless, in presence of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zoo) or viruses like EHV-5 the prevalence of Mequi was significantly increased. CO-infection between Mequi and S. zoo was associated with, on average, a significantly higher load of S. zoo. These results indicate that Mequi is not a primary pathogen but could contribute to clinical signs in association with other microbes. In bronchoalveolar lavages, the detection of Mequi was associated with neutrophilmediated inflammation, suggesting it could participate in an inappropriate immune response, similar to that observed in equine asthma. This is consistent with the fact that Mequi was more frequently isolated in racehorses and stabled horses, two favouring factors for asthma.Through comparison of 24 genomes, we further showed that Mequi is a highly homogeneous species, with only a few mobile genetic elements like the M. arginini-like ICE (Integrative Conjugative Element) and a M. arthritidis-like prophage. The repertoire of genes putatively associated to virulence was rather limited to cytoadherence and immune escape, similarly to its closest phylogenetic neighbour, M. hominis. In conclusion, Mequi could play a part in the equine respiratory disease complex, in association with other microbes, essentially through dysregulation of the host immune response, as is well known for other mycoplasma species in other respiratory complexe
Exposure to particulate matter when commuting in the urban area of Grenoble, France
No full text2/3International audienceAir pollution is a major cause of mortality and chronic diseases worldwide, with particulate matter (PM) being the primary contributor to this burden. Few studies have yet been carried out on the effect of modes of transport, times of day or travel locations on the exposure of individuals to PM. We conducted an experiment in Grenoble, France, in spring 2022 to study factors determining the individual exposure to PM. Using low-cost sensors (LCS), PM1 (PM < 1 μm) and PM2.5 (PM < 2.5 μm) levels were measured in four transport modes (bike, walk, bus, and tramway), across four different streets and at three different times of the day. Findings are: (i) - the mode of transport plays a more important role on levels of PMratios (PM concentration ratio to reference) than the time of the day or the location, (ii) - PMratios and inhalation doses are higher in active modes of transport (bike, walk) than in passive ones (bus, tram), (iii) – levels of exposure to PM are ranked as: tram < bus < walk < bike, and (iv) – a statistical model has been developed to predict PMratios as a function of transport mode, travel period, street ratio, and traffic. Exposures to PM in trams are found 12%–25% and 13%–20% lower than in passive modes of transport for PM1 and PM2.5, respectively. Wearing LCSs makes it possible to estimate commuters' exposure to PM and their use should be encouraged for prevention purposes
Résistance à la colistine chez le porc - des mesures de maîtrise efficaces
No full textInternational audienceThe discovery of the plasmid gene for resistance to colistin mcr-1 in 2015 profoundly changed how this widely used molecule in veterinary medicine in France was considered. Subsequently, national management measures were set up to reduce its use in animals, in line with European Union recommendations aiming at preserving usefulness of colistin for human multiresistant infections treatment. To assess the effectiveness of these measures, French sales, usage and resistance surveillance data from the pig production sector were analysed. Based on national antibiotic sales data and INAPORC Panel results, the use of colistin in pig production in France strongly decreased from 2010 to 2019. Resistance to colistin was rare or absent in commensal bacteria isolated from slaughterhouse surveillance. In contrast, analysis of susceptibility tests collected by Resapath and carried out on clinical isolates in the context of digestive disorders in pigs showed an initial increase in resistance from 2006 to 2011 and a steady decrease thereafter. The correlation between sales and clinical isolate resistance over this period was strong and significant. Thus, applications measures to decrease colistin use were effective in France, leading to a strong decrease in consumption and a simultaneous decrease in colistin-resistance of clinical E. coli isolates.En 2015, l’identification du gène plasmidique de résistance à la colistine mcr-1 a profondément modifié la perception de cet antibiotique largement utilisé en élevage. La perspective d’une large diffusion de cette résistance, alors même que la colistine bénéficiait d’un regain d’intérêt en médecine humaine (particulièrement dans le traitement des infections multirésistantes), a conduit de nombreuses instances à recommander la réduction de son usage chez l’animal. Afin de juger de l’évolution de la résistance, depuis ce changement de perception, en regard de celle de l’usage, une analyse rétrospective des informations disponibles sur la période 2010-2019 a été conduite
Co-conception de grilles d’observation quotidienne pour les ruminants
No full textInternational audienceAnimal experimentation regulations require that the monitoring and surveillance of animals used for scientific purposes be traced and formalized. INRAE's network of Animal Welfare Structures has embarked on a project to co-design daily observation grids for animal monitoring and in-depth welfare assessment, adapted to our species and experimental contexts. The grids are designed to identify animals requiring special attention, ensure traceability and facilitate communication between teams. The project underlines the importance of ongoing collaboration to improve animal welfare. For ruminant species, a daily observation grid is already being set up in the Experimental Units/Facilities, and the development of a mobile data entry application will facilitate the integration of these tools into the daily work of agentsLa réglementation sur l’expérimentation animale impose de tracer et de formaliser le suivi et la surveillance des animaux utilisés à des fins scientifiques. Le réseau des Structures chargées du Bien Être Animal à INRAE s’est engagé dans un projet de co-conception de grilles d'observation quotidienne pour le suivi des animaux et d’évaluation approfondie du bien-être, adaptées à nos espèces et contextes expérimentaux. Les grilles sont conçues pour identifier les animaux nécessitant une attention particulière, assurer une traçabilité et faciliter la communication entre équipes d’un site expérimental. Le projet souligne l'importance de la collaboration continue pour améliorer le bien-être animal. Pour les espèces de ruminants, une grille d’observation quotidienne est d’ores et déjà en cours de mise en place dans les Unités/Installations Expérimentales et le développement d’une application de saisie mobile facilitera l’intégration de ces outils dans le travail quotidien des agents
Les croquettes végétaliennes sont bonnes pour mon chien ou mon chat : VRAI ou FAUX ?
No full texthttps://chaire-bea.vetagro-sup.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/24-03-Les-croquettes-vegetaliennes-sont-bonnes-pour-mon-chien-ou-mon-chat-VRAI-ou-FAUX.pdfD'après vous, les croquettes végétaliennes sont bonnes pour votre chien ou chat ? On vous en dit plus !Les besoins nutritionnels sont satisfaits grâce à des nutriments que l’on peut retrouver dans différents types d’ingrédients, qu’ils soient d’origineanimale, végétale ou de synthèse.Un aliment végétalien peut tout à fait convenir au chien ou chat s’il est bien équilibré et contient tous les nutriments essentiels.Les produits végétaliens actuellement disponibles sur le marché ne sont pas équilibrés et ne conviennent pas pour une alimentation durable duchien ou du chat