Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Banana starch modified by heat moisture treatment and annealing: Study on digestion kinetics and enzyme affinity
No full text3/2International audienceStarch modification by annealing (ANN) and heat-moisture treatment (HMT) results in a lower crystallinity compared to native but the change of B crystalline type to A type is only observed in HMT starch. All starches possess two different digestion rate constants i.e. k1 (at rapid phase) and k2 (at slow phase) which may be linked to the preserved intact starch granule following thermal treatment. HMT starch contains higher content of slowly digestible starch (C-2 infinity) compared to the C-2 infinity of the other starches. The lower enzyme binding to HMT starch (Kd value increases from 0.12 mg/mL in native starch to 0.83 mg/mL) may be linked to the increase in the degree of ordered structure of the granule surface (observed from the absorption band ratio of 1000 cm(-1)/1022 cm(-1)). The lower affinity may lead to a lower k1 value. This holds true for ANN and native starch which displays similar k(1), Kd value and degree of ordered to disordered structure. Lower k(2) in HMT starch compared to the corresponding k(2) in the other starches may be linked to the slower enzyme diffusion into the core of starch granule due to the tightly packed structure of A crystalline type in HMT starch
Coxiella burnetii within-and between-herd true seroprevalence assessment in domestic ruminants in France accounting for diagnostic uncertainty with latent class
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Appraisal of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of borage (Echium amoenum) flowers using natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)
No full text2International audienceBorage is used traditionally in folk medicine for centuries and is reputed in many ancient civilizations. This paper examined the effectiveness of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based on choline chloride and glycerol (CHGLY) for the extraction of phenolic compounds from borage. The results showed that NADES was significantly more efficient than the traditional solvents such as water, methanol and ethanol. NADES gave the highest amounts of gallic acid (157.25 ± 8.47 mg/kg), catechin (100.21 ± 014 mg/kg), hydroxybenzoic acid (256.00 ± 1.70 mg/kg), chlorogenic acid (530.91 ± 15.85 mg/kg), caffeic acid (95.70 ± 9.26 mg/kg), vanillic acid (600.07 ± 6.19 mg/kg), epicatechin (175.99 ± 10.35 mg/kg), ρ-coumaric acid (77.17 ± 5.16 mg/kg) and ferulic acid (33.13 ± 096 mg/kg). These phenolic compounds were optimized by choosing the molar ratio, water content, extraction temperature and extraction time as variables. The optimum conditions were 1:3.40 of molar ratio, 40% of water content, temperature of 75 °C and extraction time of 35 min. Under these conditions, the predicted and experimental values were found close, confirming the reliability of the optimization process. The NADES extract of borage exhibited great antioxidant properties giving a total phenolic content of 85.02 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g, reducing the antioxidant power of 1505.72 ± 21.94 mmol ISE/g, DPPH radical scavenging activity of 705.01 ± 10.35 mmol TE/g and ABTS radical scavenging activity of 59.70 ± 3.44 mmol TE/g. The NADES extract of borage displayed high in vitro bioavailability ranging from 18.20 ± 1.06 to 82.99 ± 2.51% with gallic acid and caffeic acid as the best bioavailable compounds. CHGLY was found to be an eco-friendly solvent and easy to be applied for the efficient extraction of phenolic compounds
A brief review on models for birds exposed to chemicals
No full textInternational audience"A Who's Who of pesticides is therefore of concern to us all. If we are going to live so intimately with these chemicals eating and drinking them, taking them into the very marrow of our bones-we had better know something about their nature and their power."-Rachel Carson, Silent Spring.In her day, Rachel Carson was right: plant protection products (PPP) like all the other chemical substances that humans increasingly release into the environment without further precaution, are among our worst enemies today. All compartments of the biosphere, air, soil and water, are potential reservoirs within which all species that live there are impaired. Birds are particularly concerned: PPP are recognized as a factor in the decline of their abundance and diversity predominantly in agricultural landscapes. Due to the restrictions on vertebrates testing, \textit{in silico} based approaches are an ideal choice alternative given input data are available. This is where the problem lies as we will illustrate in this paper. We performed an extensive literature search covering a long period of time, a wide diversity of bird species, a large range of chemical substances and as many model types as possible to encompass all our future need to improve environmental risk assessment of chemicals for birds. In the end, we show that poultry species exposed to pesticides are the most studied at the individual level with physiologically based toxicokinetic models. To go beyond, with more species, more chemical types, over several levels of biological organization, we show that observed data are crucially missing. As a consequence, improving existing models or developing new ones could be like climbing Everest if no additional data can be gathered, especially on chemical effects and toxicodynamic aspects
Élimination de molécules phytosanitaires par des voies biologiques
No full textInternational audienceLes molécules phytosanitaires sont initialement utilisées pour lutter contre les ravageurs et maladies atteignant de nombreuses productions végétales, afin de préserver leur rendement. Cependant, depuis ces dernières décennies, de plus en plus de substances classées à risque pour l’environnement et pour la santé animale et humaine sont retirées du marché. Ainsi, au sein de l’Union européenne, l’EFSA (agence européenne de sécurité des aliments) a réduit fortement le nombre de molécules autorisées et sur l’ensemble des 900 substances actives disponibles en 1993 avant le début de l’évaluation européenne, plus de 70 % ont disparu aujourd’hui. Des limites maximales de résidus (LMR) à ne pas dépasser dans les produits d’origine animale ou végétale destinés à la consommation humaine sont fixées pour différentes productions alimentaires dont le raisin par le règlement européen (CE) n° 396/2005. Il est notable qu’actuellement aucune limite n’est définie pour le vin ni pour aucun produit transformé que ce soit aux niveaux européen ou international.Toutefois, en l’état actuel de la règlementation, il est admis qu’un vin ne doit pas contenir des teneurs supérieures aux LMR fixées pour les raisins de cuve. L’OIV (Organisation internationale de la vigne et du vin) a adopté une méthode de dosage des résidus phytosanitaires qui garantit la performance analytique et la fiabilité des résultats (méthode OIV-MA-AS323-08 de type II - Résolution OENO 436/2012).Pour une bonne interprétation des résultats analytiques, une limite de quantification (LQ, plus petite concentration quantifiée avec une incertitude acceptable par la méthode d’analyse) et une limite de détection (LD, plus petite quantité détectée mais non quantifiée par la méthode d’analyse) sont définies par chaque laboratoire pour chacun des résidus phytosanitaires recherchés. L’IFV (Institut français de la vigne et du vin) mène depuis quelques années des études permettant de dresser un état des lieux des résidus phytosanitaires présents dans les vins et explore les voies envisageables pour réduire leurs concentrations tant au niveau du vignoble qu’au niveau de la cave. Ces travaux ont montré que sur environ 140 molécules analysées dans le vin, aucune ne dépassait les LMR et les molécules mesurées au-dessus de la LQ étaient principalement des antifongiques. Dans le cadre du programme de recherche « Produire des vins sans résidus quantifiables » financé entre 2019 et 2022 par la région Occitanie et l’Europe, l’IFV en partenariat avec Inter Rhône, l’Université de Bourgogne et les laboratoires Dubernet, a travaillé sur l’élimination des molécules phytosanitaires dans les moûts et les vins par différents leviers. Les résultats présentés dans les précédents articles publiés dans la Revue des Œnologues (n° 188 et 189), ont montré la possible réduction de résidus quantifiables dans les vins par des leviers viticoles et œnologiques.Cependant, certaines molécules demeurent récalcitrantes dans les vins comme fluopyram et pyriméthanil et des investigations supplémentaires par des voies biologiques ont été explorées pour tenter de les réduire. L’Université de Bourgogne a montré que les bactéries qui acquièrent un phénotype biofilm sont capables de synthétiser une matrice comprenant une multitude de composés extracellulaires qui lui confèrent des propriétés de résistance à des environnements stressants et qui participent à la filtration naturelle de molécules aromatiques relativement apolaires. Ainsi, les biofilms bactériens d’Œnococcus œni retiennent des produits volatils du bois et des polyphénols du raisin indépendamment de leur moment d’ajout lors des étapes d’élaboration du vin. En revanche, les alcools supérieurs issus du métabolisme levurien, très polaires, ne sont pas du tout retenues par le biofilm. Les bactéries lactiques produisent naturellement des exopolymères (ECS) dont la composition chimique évolue au cours de leur phase de croissance. Cet article présente les résultats obtenus avec l’utilisation de la bactérie lactique Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 cultivée sous deux états physiologiques: planctonique (PL) et biofilm (BF) pour la détoxification en pesticides de moûts des millésimes 2019, 2020 et 2021. Les exopolymères de cette bactérie ont été volontairement mis en contact avec ces moûts de raisin pour montrer leur efficacité vis-à-vis de la réduction sélective de molécules phytosanitaires
A PAX3 insertion in the Celestial breed and certain feline breeding lines with dominant blue eyes
No full text3International audienceDuring the last 60 years many inherited traits in domestic outbred cats were selected and retained giving birth to new breeds characterised by singular coat or morphological phenotypes. Among them, minimal white spotting associated with blue eyes was selected by feline breeders to create the Altai, Topaz, and Celestial breeds. Various established breeds also introduced this trait in their lineages. The trait, that was confirmed as autosomal dominant by breeding data, was first described in domestic cats from Kazakhstan and Russia, in British shorthair and British longhair from Russia, and in Maine Coon cats from the Netherlands, suggesting different founding effects. Using a genome-wide association study we identified a single region on chromosome C1 that was associated with the minimal white spotting and blue eyes phenotype (also called DBE by breeders for dominant blue eyes) in the French Celestial breed. Within that region we identified Paired Box 3 (PAX3) as the strongest candidate gene, since PAX3 is a key regulator of MITF (Melanocyte-Inducing Transcription Factor) and PAX3 variants have been previously identified in various species showing white spotting with or without blue eyes including the mouse and the horse. Whole genome sequencing of a Celestial cat revealed an endogenous retrovirus LTR (long terminal repeat) insertion within PAX3 intron 4 known to contain regulatory sequences (conserved non-coding element [CNE]) involved in PAX3 expression. The insertion is in the vicinity of CNE2 and CNE3. All 52 Celestial and Celestial-mixed cats with a DBE phenotype presented the insertion, that was absent in their 22 non-DBE littermates and in 87 non-DBE cats from various breeds. The outbred Celestial founder was also heterozygous for the insertion. Additionally, the variant was found in nine DBE Maine Coon cats related to the Celestial founder and four DBE Siberian cats with an uncertain origin. Segregation of the variant in the Celestial breed is consistent with dominant inheritance and does not appear to be associated with deafness. We propose that this NC_018730.3:g.206974029_206974030insN[395] variant represents the DBECEL (Celestial Dominant Blue Eyes) allele in the domestic cat
Clinicohematological profile and outcomes of acute leukemias/myelodysplastic syndromes in cats: A retrospective study of 24 cases
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Traumatic nasogastric intubation as a suspected cause of laryngeal obstruction in a horse recovering from emergency laparotomy
No full text3International audienceAn 18‐year‐old mare, admitted for colic, underwent an exploratory laparotomy for right dorsal colon displacement. During recovery from anaesthesia, a severe acute onset laryngeal obstruction occurred at standing, requiring orotracheal re‐intubation, which relieved the obstruction. This was followed by secondary pulmonary oedema, treated with furosemide (2 mg/kg intravenously) and oxygen. At re‐extubation, attempted 30 minutes later, the horse re‐obstructed immediately and collapsed, prompting an emergency tracheostomy. Furosemide (2 mg/kg intravenously) and dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg intravenously) were also administered. The horse stood up thereafter with a patent airway. In the history, to note, nasogastric intubation was particularly difficult at admission, and was identified as a potential cause of laryngeal trauma that may have precipitated laryngeal obstruction due to severe local inflammation. Dynamic laryngeal collapse probably also played a role due to high inspiratory negative pressure generated at the precise timing of standing, similar to exercise
Prevalence of elbow dysplasia in 13 dog breeds in France: a retrospective radiographic study (2002–2022)
No full text3International audienceOBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of elbow dysplasia (ED) in 13 dog breeds in France. ANIMALS A total of 18,870 elbow radiographs taken from 2002 to 2022 were evaluated by 2 independent examiners. METHODS For each breed, the incidence of each of the 4 International Elbow Working Group scoring classes was extracted from the database. Breeds were excluded if fewer than 150 radiographs had been read for that breed. RESULTS This study included 17,861 records for 13 dog breeds: American Akita, Alaskan Malamute, Old German Shepherd (Altdeutscher Schäferhund), American Staffordshire Terrier, Australian Shepherd, Belgian Shepherd, White Swiss Shepherd, Bernese Mountain Dog, Cane Corso, Czechoslovakian Wolfdog, Rhodesian Ridgeback, Rottweiler, and Dogue de Bordeaux. The overall prevalence of ED was 11.4%, ranging from 1.1% in the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog to 32.2% in the Dogue de Bordeaux. The Dogue de Bordeaux, Rottweiler, Bernese Mountain Dog, and Cane Corso breeds were most commonly affected by ED. The prevalence of ED was significantly higher in male dogs than in female dogs (17.5% vs 10.5%, P < .05). Joint incongruity and fragmented coronoid process were the 2 most common primary ED lesions identified. The prevalence of ED among the dogs evaluated decreased over the timeframe of the study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study help to clarify the prevalence of ED in different breeds in France. These data should be interpreted with caution as this study included a small percentage of the total number of dogs born for each breed in France over the study period
Growth capacity of a Wharton’s Jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells tissue engineered vascular graft used for main pulmonary artery reconstruction in piglets
No full text3International audienceBackground: Surgical treatment of congenital heart defects affecting the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) often requires complex reconstruction and multiple reoperations due to structural degeneration and lack of growth of currently available materials. Hence, alternative approaches for RVOT reconstruction, which meet the requirements of biocompatibility and long-term durability of an ideal scaffold, are needed. Through this full scale pre-clinical study, we demonstrated the growth capacity of a Wharton’s Jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSC) tissue engineered vascular graft used in reconstructing the main pulmonary artery in piglets, providing proof of biocompatibility and efficacy. Methods: Sixteen four-week-old Landrace pigs were randomized to undergo supravalvar Main Pulmonary Artery (MPA) replacement with either unseeded or WJ-MSCs-seeded Small Intestinal Submucosa-derived grafts. Animals were followed up for 6 months by clinical examinations and cardiac imaging. At termination, sections of MPAs were assessed by macroscopic inspection, histology and fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Results: Data collected at 6 months follow up showed no sign of graft thrombosis or calcification. The explanted main pulmonary arteries demonstrated a significantly higher degree of cellular organization and elastin content in the WJ-MSCs seeded grafts compared to the acellular counterparts. Transthoracic echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance confirmed the superior growth and remodelling of the WJ-MSCs seeded conduit compared to the unseeded. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the addition of WJ-MSCs to the acellular scaffold can upgrade the material, converting it into a biologically active tissue, with the potential to grow, repair and remodel the RVOT