Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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RELEVANCE OF A MODELLING APPROACH TO MONITOR THE SENSORY ATTRIBUTES OF BLUE CHEESES DURING RIPENING
No full textInternational audienceFourme d’Ambert is a French PDO Blue Cheese made from cow’s milk. These cheeses are generally characterized by typical sensory properties such as a “marbled with blue-green veins” appearance and characteristic flavors such as “mouldy aroma, salty and bitter tastes”. These sensory properties are the result of changes in biochemical parameters during ripening. In order to better control and monitor the quality of the sensory properties of their products, cheese companies are keen to identify the main biochemical parameters that could contribute to these changes in sensory properties. By adopting an original multi-criteria approach, the objective of this study is to rely on a modelling approach to identify significant associations between early biochemical markers and the final sensory attributes of Fourme d’Ambert cheese
Effets transcriptionnels dose- et temps- dépendants chez Daphnia magna exposée au di-n-butyl phtalate
No full textInternational audienceL’objectif du projet ANR Chroco (2022-2026) est d’étudier simultanément les deux dimensions d’une exposition toxique, la concentration et le temps, afin d’en décortiquer les effets en allant du niveau moléculaire, jusqu’au niveau individuel, tout en considérant les conséquences sur la population. Le cas d’étude de ce projet porte sur l’espèce modèle d’eau douce Daphnia magna, exposée au composé perturbateur endocrinien di-n-butyle phtalate (DBP). Ce phtalate est retrouvé de manière omniprésente dans les milieux dulçaquicoles. Dans le cadre de ce projet, des données transcriptomiques par RNAseq ont été générées, dans l’objectif d’explorer l’évolution des réponses transcriptionnelles d’une exposition au DBP en fonction du temps et de la dose d’exposition, chez des daphnies adultes et leur descendance. Les individus ont été exposés à un gradient de 7 concentrations de DBP en l’absence de solvant (0, 0.5, 1, 10, 100, 280 et 500 µg/L). Les daphnies adultes ont été échantillonées après 0, 6, 12, 36 et 66 heures d’exposition à partir de la troisième ponte, à raison de deux réplicats biologiques par dose, regroupant chacun 5 daphnies. Leur descendance a été exposée à partir du début du développement embryonnaire puis échantillonnée 0, 12, 24 et 48 heures après leur relargage dans le milieu, à raison de deux réplicats biologiques par dose, regroupant chacun une soixantaine de juvéniles. Ce dispositif expérimental a ainsi permis l’obtention de 116 transcriptomes. Ce jeu de données inédit en écotoxicologie animale offre la possibilité d’explorer finement les mécanismes d’actions engendrés par une exposition à un contaminant. Dans un premier temps l’outil DRomics appliqué aux données obtenues à chaque temps (Dose Response modelling for omics) a permis 1) d’identifier les transcrits dérégulés par l’exposition au DBP, 2) de caractériser les motifs de dérégulation génique de la réponse et 3) d’évaluer leur sensibilité. La comparaison des résultats ainsi obtenus à chaque temps a ensuite été investiguée. Ces travaux se poursuivront afin de concevoir des méthodes pour caractériser l’évolution des dérégulations en fonction du temps ainsi que des clés d’interprétation biologiques adaptées à l’analyse et l’interprétation des données “omiques” temps- dose- dépendantes
Effects of bit chewing on postoperative gastric reflux volume in horses with small bowel lesions: A preliminary clinical controlled trial
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Tracking potential <i>Leptospira</i> sources following human cases of leptospirosis: A One Health approach applied to an ecosystem in Brittany, France
No full text2/3/1International audiencePathogenic Leptospira can cause leptospirosis: a widespread, potentially fatal bacterial zoonosis whose risk is mediated by the soil and water features, animal host distributions, meaning the local ecosystem. When human cases of leptospirosis occur, it is challenging to track down their source because ecosystem-level epidemiological knowledge on Leptospira is needed. Between 2016 and 2019 in a focal riparian ecosystem, the human population experienced an outbreak and successive cases of leptospirosis attributable to L. kirschneri and L. interrogans. The epidemiological investigation was carried out using the One Health approach, as described in international health guidelines. As a first step in this process, we investigated leptospiral carriage in the main animal hosts found in the region. We sampled 143 nutrias, 17 muskrats, and 10 Norway rats using convenient trapping. DNA was extracted from their kidneys, lungs, and urine and subjected to real-time PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the Leptospira 16S rDNA and lfb1 genes. In the farms along the river's stretch of interest, we sampled serum from 439 cattle and used a microscopic agglutination test to detect the presence of antibodies against Leptospira. Urine samples were concomitantly obtained from 145 cattle and were used in two analyses: RT-PCR targeting the Leptospira 16S rDNA gene and Leptospira culturing. We found th, wt rodents were the most likely source of the L. interrogans behind the human cases. The cattle tested negative for Leptospira DNA but positive for antibodies against the serogroups implicated in the human cases. We failed to identify the potential source of the L. kirschneri responsible for several human cases of leptospirosis. Our results call for further clarification of the Leptospira maintenance community, which may comprise known maintenance hosts, such as rodents, as well as taxa not commonly considered to be maintenance hosts but that can still spread Leptospira. The resulting research network will collaboratively conduct future eco-epidemiological surveys to illuminate the leptospirosis risks faced by humans and animals within ecosystems
Characterisation of pathogenic Leptospira in invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) in northeast and southwest France
No full text2/3/1International audienceLeptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Although crucial to mitigate the disease risk, basic epidemiological information is lacking, such as the identities of Leptospira maintenance hosts. The raccoon ( Procyon lotor ), an alien invasive species in France, could pose a public health risk if it carries pathogenic Leptospira. We investigated the rate and type (selective vs. unselective) of Leptospira carriage in the two main raccoon populations in France. Out of the 141 raccoons collected, seven (5%) tested quantitative PCR positive, targeting lfb1 gene, based on kidney, lung, and urine samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of three different L. interrogans clusters. The results suggest that raccoons were more likely accidental hosts and made only a limited contribution to Leptospira maintenance
Guttural Pouch Mycosis: A Three-Step Therapeutic Approach
No full text3International audienceThe temporary ligation of the common carotid artery is performed as an emergency aid in cases of guttural pouch mycosis. Its usefulness is put into perspective after an anatomical summary of arterial vascularization involving a guttural pouch. It helps to better understand the need for the cranial (cerebral) and caudal (cardiac) occlusion of an arterial rupture by embolization in order to achieve maximum success in preventing and treating an hemorrhage. Topical oxygen therapy used alone or in a multimodal approach with embolization surgery is performed to promote healing of the inflammatory and mycotic lesions observed when an individual is affected. In conclusion, this three-step therapeutic approach should enable the equine practitioner to better orient their decision tree when faced with this condition which, while rare, can be potentially fatal if poorly treated
L’échographie thoracique chez le cheval : applications pratiques
No full textNational audienceL’échographie thoracique est une technique d’imagerie très accessible, y compris « au chevet » de l’animal. Les indications sont nombreuses, que ce soit pour établir un diagnostic, orienter la décision thérapeutique, ou encore monitorer la progression lors de traitement. Les structures anatomiques évaluées sont les côtes, l’espace pleural, le poumon, le médiastin et le cœur. Il s’agit de la technique de choix pour la détection et la caractérisation des épanchements pleuraux et péricardiques. Chez les équidés, l’échographie thoracique est particulièrement utile dans le dépistage des maladies respiratoires infectieuses touchant les voies respiratoires inférieures, et lors de traumatisme thoracique. Les images normales, les artefacts et les principales images lésionnelles sont détaillées dans cette présentation
Spatial behaviour, age, and sex correlate with co-infection patterns in roe deer
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the intricate dynamics of co-infections involving both zoonotic and nonzoonotic pathogens in wildlife is essential due to potential implications for public health,economies, and ecosystems. A fundamental objective in this field is to understand the factors influencing the structuration of pathogen communities. One such crucial factor is exposure, which represents the likelihood of host-pathogen encounters. Exposure is largely related to the spatial behaviour of hosts, encompassing their movement and activity in environments conducive to pathogen transmission. The interindividual variability in spatial behaviour, with host susceptibility to infection, modulates infection probabilities and the formation of pathogen infra-communities within host species. Moreover, the co-presence of multiple pathogens within a single organism can lead to intricate interactions mediated by immunomodulation or competition. Hence, individual exposure and the subsequent interactions among pathogens shape diverse co-infection patterns in hosts.To delve deeper into these phenomena, our study specifically focuses on the European roe deer, a wildlife host species known for co-infections with both livestock-shared and zoonotic pathogens. Using data from GPS tracking and pathogen prevalence, we intended to disentangle the effects of host characteristics (age and sex), spatial behaviour (home range composition and host activity) and direct/indirect pathogen interactions on the individual pathogen community. We employed a Hierarchical Bayesian model to analyse patterns of co-infection of 11 pathogens in a sample of 222 individuals captured between 2016 and 2022 in South-West France.Age, sex, home range composition, and activity are shown as the main host variables influencing pathogen diversity and structure of the pathogen infra-community. Pathogen interactions were identified, however to a lesser extent. Our findings shed light on various aspects of the interplay between spatial behaviour, individual characteristics, and pathogen dynamics in the co-infection ecology of roe deer. These insights could offer valuable implications for both wildlife management strategies and public health considerations in understanding and mitigating the spread of infectious diseases in wildlife populations
Maladie du compartiment médial et autres pathologies du coude chez le chat
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The utility of the respiratory rate-oxygenation index as a predictor of treatment response in dogs receiving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy
No full text3International audienceObjective This study aims to evaluate the respiratory rate-oxygenation index (ROX) and the ratio of pulse oximetry saturation (SpO 2 ) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) (SpO 2 /FiO 2 , [SF]) to determine whether these indices are predictive of outcome in dogs receiving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNOT). Design This is a prospective observational study. Setting This study was carried out at two university teaching hospitals. Animals In total, 88 dogs treated with HFNOT for hypoxemic respiratory failure due to various pulmonary diseases were selected. Measurements and main results The ROX index was defined as the SF divided by the respiratory rate (RR). ROX and SF were calculated at baseline and for each hour of HFNOT. The overall success rate of HFNOT was 38% ( N = 33/88). Variables predicting HFNOT success were determined using logistic regression, and the predictive power of each variable was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). ROX and SF were adequately predictive of HFNOT success when averaged over 0–16 h of treatment, with similar AUCs of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.83) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.66–0.87), respectively ( p < 0.05). SF showed acceptable discriminatory power in predicting HFNOT outcome at 7 h, with an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI 0.61–0.93, p = 0.013), and the optimal cutoff for predicting HFNC failure at 7 h was SF ≤ 191 (sensitivity 83% and specificity 76%). Conclusion These indices were easily obtained in dogs undergoing HFNOT. The results suggest that ROX and SF may have clinical utility in predicting the outcomes of dogs on HFNOT. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings in a larger number of dogs in specific disease populations