Portail des publications scientifiques de VetAgro Sup
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Recent updates for VIGIMYC, a settled 20-year old surveillance network dedicated to ruminant mycoplasmas
No full textInternational audienceFor over 20 years, the so-called VIGIMYC network has enabled the passive surveillance of ruminant mycoplasmas over the French territory, including WOAH regulated diseases.VIGIMYC has grown overtime and, since 2013, around 500 documented clinical isolates have been collected each year from veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) and identified at the (sub)species level. New initiatives have recently been launched to improve the service provided by VIGIMYC and further extend its impact within and across borders. First, since 2018, we have investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends of major pathogenic mycoplasma species on collected isolates. While the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of small ruminant mycoplasmas remain predominantly low, Mycoplasmopsis (M.) bovis (formerly Mycoplasma bovis) shows moderate or high MICs for all the tested antimicrobials except fluoroquinolones. Surprisingly, we observed a decrease of spectinomycin MICs in M. bovis lately, which could be associated to the subtypes currently circulating in France.Consolidated MIC data from VIGIMYC will contribute to establishing future tECOFF within the MyMIC network (https://www.jpiamr.eu/projects/mymic/). Since 2020, annual surveys were performed to get insight on positivity testing rates of major pathogenic mycoplasma, reaching a proxy of their prevalence. Collected data complemented relative proportions of identified mycoplasmas and allowed monitoring diagnostic volume. Important differences were observed, cattle being the most monitored species by far and M. bovis detection rate in respiratory samples has increased from 14 to 19% between 2020 and 2022. VIGIMYC also provides a solid technical and scientific support to VDLs. In 2023-2024, proficiency tests and trainings were organized to help partner VDLs in learning and maintaining adequate diagnostic practices. Lastly, a selection of clinical isolates are stored yearly enabling the set-up of a collection of more than 2600 isolates to date, which are increasingly being used for whole genome sequence comparison studies that provide a better understanding of the diversity and evolution of mycoplasmas. VIGIMYC is a dynamic network aiming to improve diagnosticand AMR surveillance for several mycoplasmoses in France. Its output reaches far beyond the French borders and the issue of diagnostic, with an increasing contribution to AMR surveillance and follow up of mycoplasma genomic evolution within Europe
Estimation multimodale du Rythme Cardiaque Foetal : contributions méthodologiques et validation clinique
No full textFetal heart rate (FHR) analysis remains the most common technique for monitoring fetal well-being and detecting fetal distress during labor and delivery. Although cardiotocography (CTG) is today the reference non-invasive clinical technique for measuring FHR, it suffers from a number of drawbacks, prompting interest in alternative technologies such as abdominal electrocardiography (ECG) and phonocardiography (PCG).An original solution, using a single abdominal signal (ECG or PCG), has been proposed to address both the feasibility in clinical routine and the challenge of the difficult detection of temporal events in signals recorded in real-life conditions. Based on the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, it exploits the semi-periodicity of the fetal ECG or PCG to estimate the FHR.The work carried out in this thesis is both experimental and algorithmic. On the experimental side, a database of 40 recordings from volunteer pregnant women in the last month of pregnancy was set up, with synchronous recording of thoracic and abdominal ECG and PCG signals, simultaneously with the reference CTG. It was analyzed both experimentally and clinically. From an algorithmic point of view, the first version of the proposed method assumed temporal independence, and did not take into account the property of continuity of FHR values. Therefore, the algorithmic work carried out in this thesis contributed to the addition of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to the NMF framework to include physiological information on the temporal evolution of the FHR. This proposal has been implemented numerically and evaluated on real data.L'analyse du rythme cardiaque fœtal (RCF) reste la technique la plus courante pour suivre le bien-être du fœtus et détecter la détresse fœtale pendant le travail et l'accouchement. Si la cardiotocographie (CTG) est aujourd'hui la technique clinique non invasive de référence pour la mesure du RCF, elle souffre de plusieurs inconvénients, ce qui pousse à s'intéresser à des technologies alternatives, comme l'électrocardiographie (ECG) et la phonocardiographie (PCG) abdominales.Une solution originale, utilisant un unique signal abdominal (ECG ou PCG), a été proposée pour répondre à la fois à la faisabilité en routine clinique et au défi de la difficile détection d'événements temporels dans des signaux enregistrés en conditions réelles. Basée sur l'algorithme de factorisation de matrices non négatives (NMF), elle exploite la semi-périodicité de l'ECG ou du PCG fœtal pour l'estimation du RCF.Le travail mené dans le cadre de cette thèse est d'une part expérimental et d'autre part algorithmique. Sur le plan expérimental, une base de données de 40 enregistrements sur femmes enceintes volontaires dans le dernier mois de grossesse a été constituée avec l'enregistrement synchrone de signaux ECG et PCG thoraciques et abdominaux, simultanément avec la CTG de référence. Elle a été analysée sur les plans expérimental et clinique. Du point de vue algorithmique, la méthode proposée, dans sa première version, supposait l'indépendance temporelle et ne tenait pas compte de la propriété de continuité des valeurs du RCF. Aussi, le travail algorithmique mené dans cette thèse a contribué à l'ajout dans le cadre NMF d'un modèle de Markov caché (HMM) pour inclure des informations physiologiques sur l'évolution temporelle du RCF. Cette proposition a été implémentée numériquement et évaluée sur la base de données réelles
Exploring the Impact of French Raw-Milk Cheeses on Oxidative Process Using Caenorhabditis elegans and Human Leukocyte Models
No full text3/1International audienceFermented foods, including cheeses, have garnered increased interest in recent years for their potential health benefits. This study explores the biological properties of eight French raw-milk cheeses—goat cheese, Saint-Nectaire, Cantal, Bleu d’Auvergne, Roquefort, Comté, Brie de Meaux, and Epoisses—on oxidative processes using both in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans) and in vitro (human leukocytes) models. A cheese fractionation protocol was adapted to study four fractions for each cheese: a freeze-dried fraction (FDC) corresponding to whole cheese, an apolar (ApE), and two polar extracts (W40 and W70). We showed that all cheese fractions significantly improved Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) survival rates when exposed to oxidative conditions by up to five times compared to the control, regardless of the fractionation protocol and the cheese type. They were also all able to reduce the in vivo accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by up to 70% under oxidative conditions, thereby safeguarding C. elegans from oxidative damage. These beneficial effects were explained by a reduction in ROS production up to 50% in vitro in human leukocytes and overexpression of antioxidant factor-encoding genes (daf-16, skn-1, ctl-2, and sod-3) in C. elegans
Management of neuroanaesthesia in a ewe undergoing craniotomy for coenurosis cyst removal
No full text3International audienceAbstract Coenurosis is a parasitic disease affecting the central nervous system of small ruminants. This case describes the anaesthetic management of a ewe undergoing craniotomy for associated‐brain cyst removal. As small ruminants are food‐producing animals, there is limited access to veterinary medicinal products, and choosing an appropriate anaesthetic protocol is challenging. After premedication with detomidine (0.03 mg/kg intramuscularly) and butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg intravenously), anaesthesia was induced with lidocaine (1 mg/kg) and ketamine (2 mg/kg intravenously), and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen, using controlled mechanical ventilation. The animal was placed in sternal recumbency, with the head slightly elevated. A lidocaine incisional infiltration was performed, and dexamethasone (0.06 mg/kg intravenously) was administered. Vital parameters remained stable throughout anaesthesia, but moderate agitation was noticed at recovery, treated with butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg intravenously). While the ewe showed clinical improvement initially, its neurological status deteriorated in the following days, leading to euthanasia. Postmortem examination revealed intracranial haematoma
Pose et entretien d'un drain thoracique
No full textNational audienceLa pose d'un drain thoracique est nécessaire dans la prise en charge d'épanchements récidivants, purulents, ou à la suite d'une chirurgie thoracique
Avis de l'Anses relatif à la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo
No full textCitation suggérée : Anses. (2024). Avis relatif à la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo. (Saisine 2023-SA-0194). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 39 p.Selon la saisine, la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo (FHCC) est une maladie vectorisée par les tiques, potentiellement grave chez l’être humain, présente en Europe de l’Est et, depuis une dizaine d’années, en Espagne. Les espèces vectrices du genre Hyalomma sont présentes en Corse et sur le littoral méditerranéen. La transmission par les fluides biologiques est également mentionnée.Dans le cadre de son mandat auprès de la DGAL pour surveiller les maladies animales ou les zoonoses exotiques émergentes en France, le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique (CIRAD) a prélevé, sur des bovins d’élevage des Pyrénées-Orientales, des tiques du genre Hyalomma chez lesquelles a été mis en évidence, en octobre 2023, le génome du virus de la FHCC. Les prévalences d’infection de ces tiques sont telles qu’elles suggèrent bien une circulation locale du virus de la FHCC. De surcroît, ces prévalences sont en complète cohérence avec les enquêtes sérologiques menées depuis 2018 dans la même zone, en particulier sur des bovins.Dans ce contexte, l’avis de l’Anses est sollicité pour :• proposer « des recommandations de prévention à destination des éleveurs de ruminants, intervenants en élevage et vétérinaires, des personnels des abattoirs et des chasseurs, ainsi que des agents du ministère de l’agriculture et de la souveraineté alimentaire en charge de l’inspection des abattoirs, au regard du risque d’infection par les fluides d’animaux virémiques.Ces recommandations porteront sur les mesures à appliquer selon les activités, les espèces animales concernées, les périodes à risque et les secteurs géographiques concernés. »Il est demandé de proposer « en particulier des mesures de réduction du risque lié aux fluides biologiques des animaux virémiques tout au long du processus d’élevage et en abattoir ». Il est également demandé de se prononcer « sur l’efficacité des options envisagées au regard du risque et leurs effets collatéraux ».• établir « une synthèse des zones et des périodes à risque au regard des différentes voies de transmission virale à l’humain, en s’appuyant notamment sur des données de surveillance acarologique, de sérologie et virologie animale et, le cas échéant, de sérologie humaine autour des élevages séropositifs ». [Saisine liée n°2020-SA-0039
Revue de presse internationale : synthèse d'une sélection des meilleurs articles parus dans la presse internationale : - Résultats d'images tomodensitométriques chez des chevaux présentant des signes d'encensement- Rapport globules rouges / plaquettes (RPR) dans le cas de septicémie chez les poulains en période néonatale
No full textInternational audienc
From data on gross activity to the characterization of animal behaviour: which metrics for which purposes
No full textThe behaviour of an animal is closely linked to its internal state. Various metrics can be calculated from activity data. Complex patterns of activity within or between individuals, such as cyclic patterns and synchrony, can inform on the biological functioning, the health status, or the welfare of an animal. These patterns are now available thanks to sensors that continuously monitor the activity of individual animals over long periods. Data processing and calculations, however, should be clarified and harmonised across studies for the results to be comparable. We present metrics describing activity patterns, we discuss their significance and relevance for behavioural and welfare studies and their limits, and we detail how they can be calculated. Four groups of metrics are distinguished: metrics related to overall activity (e.g., time spent in each activity per unit of time), metrics related to fluctuations around mean activity, metrics related to the cyclicity of activity, and metrics related to the synchrony between animals. Metrics may take statistical approaches (e.g., average and variance) or modelling approaches (e.g., Fourier Transform). Examples are taken essentially from cattle for which individual activity sensors are easily available at present. The calculations, however, can be applied to other species and can be performed on data obtained from sensors as well as visual observations. The present methodological article will help researchers to obtain the most benefit from activity data and will support the decision of which metric can be used to address a given purpose
Risk assessment in animal welfare
No full textInternational audienceRisk assessment provides decision makers an objective, repeatable and documented assessment of the risks posed by a particular action. There exist well established protocols created by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and Codex Alimentarius for assessing risk. Risk assessment is the first component of the risk analysis process, which also includes risk management and risk communication.This article is a brief introduction to the risk assessment approach in the animal welfare domain, which is based on the following successive steps: exposure assessment, consequence characterization and risk characterization. In this context, the risk is a function of the likelihood that animals will experience certain welfare consequences and the magnitude of those consequences, following exposure to a factor or exposure scenario, in a target population. Such an assessment may simultaneously include both negative (risk) and positive (benefits) welfare consequences. The concepts inherent in this approach are first described, then two examples are used to illustrate the implementation of the methodology